Top Indian bank's share sale hardly moves needle

ICICI Bank

22/07/2025 13:00

The author is a Reuters Breakingviews columnist. The opinions expressed are her own. Updates to add graphic.

By Shritama Bose

MUMBAI, July 22 (Reuters Breakingviews) - State Bank of India SBI.NS looks like it's about to become a more frequent capital raiser. This week the country's largest lender, which is 57%-owned by New Delhi, sold 250 billion rupees ($2.9 billion) worth of shares. The rationale was to increase its equity ratios. Yet, even though the deal is India's largest-ever secondary stock placement to institutions, it hardly moves the needle. Ideally, a company wanting to bolster its balance sheet would trim dividends first. But the government wants state-run companies to bump up these payments by 25%.

Oddly, the bank doesn't appear to need to increase its capital. At 10.8%, its common equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio is above the regulatory minimum of 8.8%. SBI Chair C.S. Setty said in May the bank has enough "firepower" as it stands to grow its loan book by up to 8 trillion rupees ($93 billion), or 19%.

The issue seems to be that SBI's CET1 ratio is below the 14% average for the Indian banking sector and even further behind the 16% and 18% buffers at privately held peers ICICI Bank ICBK.NS and HDFC Bank HDBK.NS. Since both those rivals trade at higher multiples to book than SBI, there's some logic to wanting to catch up.

The share sale doesn't get it very far, though. SBI has some $421 billion of risk-weighted assets, so the extra $2.9 billion only takes its CET1 ratio to 11.5%.

The additional capital has another effect of reducing the lender's return on equity: apply it to the most recent financial year, and the 17% ROE, per LSEG, would drop by just under a percentage point. That would, on paper, still leave it besting HDFC's 14% showing and lagging ICICI's 18%. But both are cranking out those numbers with much higher capital. Moreover, SBI's ROE is looking harder to sustain with bank credit growing at just over 9%, its slowest pace in three years.

Perhaps Setty and his executives are comfortable with only slightly narrowing its capital gap to peers. Assuming they're not, they have two options: sell more shares or sell more assets. Earlier this year, for example, SBI offloaded a 13% stake in Yes Bank YESB.NS to Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group 8316.T. The lender could follow that up with peddling its remaining 11% chunk in Yes, or selling or listing its general insurer and its asset management subsidiary.

That'll keep SBI and its bankers busy for a while.

Follow Shritama Bose on LinkedIn and X.

CONTEXT NEWS

 State Bank of India on July 21 said it had completed a sale of shares worth 250 billion rupees ($2.89 billion) to institutional investors. Books were covered 4.5 times, and foreign long-term investors bought 24% of the float, the lender said.

SBI priced the issue at 817 rupees per share, a 1.8% discount to the closing price of 831.70 rupees on July 16, IFR reported on July 18, citing unnamed people with knowledge of the transaction.

Demand for the transaction was led by domestic institutions, with state-backed Life Insurance Corporation of India committing 80 billion rupees, per IFR. Nomura, Marshall Wace, Millennium, HDFC Mutual Fund, Quant Mutual Fund and ICICI Prudential Mutual Fund also participated in the issue, the report added.

SBI's shares trade at a discount to peers https://www.reuters.com/graphics/BRV-BRV/egpbqabzmvq/chart.png

(Editing by Antony Currie; Production by Ujjaini Dutta)

((For previous columns by the author, Reuters customers can click on BOSE/shritama.bose@thomsonreuters.com))