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REG - Royal Bk Scot.Grp. - Final Results <Origin Href="QuoteRef">RBS.L</Origin> - Part 2

- Part 2: For the preceding part double click  ID:nRSZ2357Qa 

 Derivatives                                        262,514      296,019       353,590      
                                                                                            
 Total assets                                       815,408      876,684       1,051,019    
                                                                                            
 Bank deposits (3)                                  28,030       30,543        35,806       
 Customer deposits (3)                              343,186      346,267       354,288      
 Repurchase agreements and stock lending            37,378       43,355        62,210       
 Debt securities in issue                           31,150       37,360        50,280       
 Subordinated liabilities                           19,847       20,184        22,905       
 Derivatives                                        254,705      288,905       349,805      
 Liabilities of disposal groups (2)                 2,980        6,401         71,320       
 Other liabilities                                  43,985       46,927        45,696       
                                                                                            
 Total liabilities                                  761,261      819,942       992,310      
 Non-controlling interests                          716          703           2,946        
 Owners' equity                                     53,431       56,039        55,763       
                                                                                            
 Total liabilities and equity                       815,408      876,684       1,051,019    
                                                                                            
 Contingent liabilities and commitments             153,752      160,205       241,186      
 
 
 Balance sheet related key metrics and ratios                                      
                                                                                   
 Tangible net asset value per ordinary share (4)     352p      371p      374p      
 Loan:deposit ratio (3,5)                            89%       89%       95%       
 Short-term wholesale funding (3,6)                  £17bn     £17bn     £28bn     
 Wholesale funding (3,6)                             £59bn     £66bn     £90bn     
 Liquidity portfolio                                 £156bn    £164bn    £151bn    
 Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) (7)                  136%      136%      112%      
 Net stable funding ratio (8)                        121%      117%      112%      
 Tangible equity (9)                                 £40,943m  £42,937m  £42,885m  
 Number of ordinary shares in issue (millions) (10)  11,625    11,574    11,466    
 Common Equity Tier 1 ratio                          15.5%     12.7%     11.2%     
 Risk-weighted assets                                £242.6bn  £316.0bn  £355.9bn  
 Leverage ratio (11)                                 5.6%      5.0%      4.2%      
 
 
*Restated, refer to page 46 for further details. 
 
Notes: 
 
 (1)   Excludes reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
 (2)   Primarily international private banking business at 31 December 2015 and 30 September 2015. The interest in associate in relation to Citizens is also included at 30 September 2015. Primarily Citizens at 31 December 2014.                                                                                                                                                                                     
 (3)   Excludes repurchase agreements and stock lending.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
 (4)   Tangible net asset value per ordinary share represents tangible equity divided by the number of ordinary shares in issue.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 (5)   Includes disposal groups.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 (6)   Excludes derivative collateral.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
 (7)   On 1 October 2015 the LCR became the PRA's primary regulatory liquidity standard; UK banks are required to meet a minimum standard of 80% initially, rising to 100% by 1 January 2018. The published LCR excludes Pillar 2 add-ons. RBS calculates the LCR using its own interpretation of the EU LCR Delegated Act, which may change over time and may not be fully comparable with tax of other institutions.  
 (8)   NSFR for all periods have been calculated using RBS's current interpretations of the revised BCBS guidance on NSFR issued in late 2014. Therefore, reported NSFR will change over time with regulatory developments. Due to differences in interpretation, RBS's ratio may not be comparable with those of other financial institutions.                                                                         
 (9)   Tangible equity is equity attributable to ordinary shareholders less intangible assets.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
 (10)  Includes 26 million Treasury shares (30 September 2015 - 26 million; 31 December 2014 - 28 million).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
 (11)  Based on end-point CRR Tier 1 capital and leverage exposure under the CRR Delegated Act.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 
 
Analysis of results 
 
                                                           Year ended                Quarter ended  
                                                           31 December  31 December                 31 December  30 September  31 December  
 2015                                                      2014                      2015           2015         2014          
 Net interest income                                       £m           £m                          £m           £m            £m           
                                                                                                                                            
 Net interest income (1)                                   8,767        9,258                       2,162        2,187         2,382        
 RBS                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                            
 - UK Personal & Business Banking                          4,152        4,221                       1,030        1,055         1,086        
 - Ulster Bank RoI                                         365          467                         85           90            112          
 - Commercial Banking                                      1,997        1,976                       512          504           506          
 - Private Banking                                         436          454                         108          109           116          
 - RBS International                                       303          323                         78           73            83           
 - Corporate & Institutional Banking                       87           (11)                        28           29            8            
 - Capital Resolution                                      365          673                         6            78            162          
 - Williams & Glyn                                         658          664                         165          167           167          
 - Central items & other                                   404          491                         150          82            142          
                                                                                                                                            
 Average interest-earning assets (IEA)                                                                                                      
 RBS                                                       413,345      432,935                     407,061      413,778       421,244      
                                                                                                                                            
 - UK Personal & Business Banking                          130,702      126,951                     134,687      131,406       127,980      
 - Ulster Bank RoI                                         23,232       24,344                      23,195       23,456        23,372       
 - Commercial Banking                                      106,429      103,248                     111,600      105,905       102,324      
 - Private Banking                                         15,835       15,687                      16,025       15,878        15,789       
 - RBS International                                       20,518       19,540                      20,773       20,244        19,712       
 - Corporate & Institutional Banking                       16,552       14,917                      10,190       18,686        14,940       
 - Capital Resolution                                      60,656       100,716                     39,875       51,786        90,538       
 - Williams & Glyn                                         22,940       22,678                      23,327       23,020        22,681       
 - Central items & other                                   16,481       4,854                       27,389       23,397        3,908        
                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                            
 Yields, spreads and margins of the banking business                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                            
 Gross yield on interest-earning assets of                                                                                                  
 banking business (3)                                      2.88%        3.02%                       2.78%        2.84%         3.05%        
 Cost of interest-bearing liabilities of banking business  (1.11%)      (1.24%)                     (1.00%)      (1.09%)       (1.16%)      
                                                                                                                                            
 Interest spread of banking business (4)                   1.77%        1.78%                       1.78%        1.75%         1.89%        
 Benefit from interest-free funds                          0.35%        0.35%                       0.32%        0.34%         0.34%        
                                                                                                                                            
 Net interest margin (1,5)                                                                                                                  
 RBS                                                       2.12%        2.13%                       2.10%        2.09%         2.23%        
                                                                                                                                            
 - UK Personal & Business Banking (2)                      3.18%        3.32%                       3.03%        3.19%         3.37%        
 - Ulster Bank RoI (2)                                     1.57%        1.92%                       1.45%        1.52%         1.90%        
 - Commercial Banking (2)                                  1.88%        1.91%                       1.82%        1.89%         1.96%        
 - Private Banking (2)                                     2.75%        2.89%                       2.67%        2.72%         2.91%        
 - RBS International (2)                                   1.48%        1.65%                       1.49%        1.43%         1.67%        
 - Corporate & Institutional Banking                       0.53%        (0.07%)                     1.09%        0.62%         0.21%        
 - Capital Resolution                                      0.60%        0.67%                       0.06%        0.60%         0.71%        
 - Williams & Glyn                                         2.87%        2.93%                       2.81%        2.88%         2.92%        
 
 
 Third party customer rates (6)                                                    
 Third party customer asset rate                                                   
 - UK Personal & Business Banking   4.13%    4.30%      4.00%    4.15%    4.37%    
 - Ulster Bank RoI (7)              2.27%    2.43%      2.19%    2.26%    2.28%    
 - Commercial Banking               2.93%    3.03%      2.84%    2.93%    3.01%    
 - Private Banking                  3.13%    3.24%      3.06%    3.08%    3.22%    
 - RBS International                3.10%    3.33%      3.09%    3.13%    3.39%    
 Third party customer funding rate                                                 
 - UK Personal & Business Banking   (0.66%)  (0.85%)    (0.63%)  (0.65%)  (0.73%)  
 - Ulster Bank RoI (7)              (0.88%)  (1.36%)    (0.74%)  (0.82%)  (1.14%)  
 - Commercial Banking               (0.38%)  (0.45%)    (0.36%)  (0.36%)  (0.41%)  
 - Private Banking                  (0.26%)  (0.34%)    (0.25%)  (0.25%)  (0.31%)  
 - RBS International                (0.31%)  (0.36%)    (0.24%)  (0.23%)  (0.34%)  
 
 
For the notes to this table refer to the next page. 
 
Analysis of results 
 
Key points 
 
2015 compared with 2014 
 
 ·  Net interest income declined by £491 million, or 5% to £8,767 million compared with £9,258 million, driven principally by a 46% reduction in Capital Resolution, down from £673 million to £365 million, in line with the planned shrinkage of the balance sheet.                                                                                                                                                     
 ·  Net interest margin (NIM) declined by 1 basis point to 2.12% reflecting strong new business volumes in core UK businesses, primarily mortgages, remaining under competitive margin pressures combined with an increased portion of the book shifting toward lower margin secured assets. This was partly offset by deposit repricing and the planned successful run down of low margin assets in Capital Resolution.  
 ·  UK PBB net interest income fell by £69 million, 2% to £4,152 million, as competitive front book margin pressures impacted. In addition, customers continued to roll off standard variable rate products (17% of overall mortgage book at the end of 2015) and onto lower margin fixed rate products. As a result NIM fell by 14 basis points to 3.18% compared with 3.32% in 2014.                                    
 ·  Ulster Bank RoI net interest income fell by £102 million, 22% to £365 million compared with £467 million primarily due to the weakening of the euro relative to sterling and a lower return on free funds. Ulster Bank RoI NIM continues to be impacted by the low yielding tracker mortgage book.                                                                                                                    
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q4 2014 
 
 ·  Net interest income declined by £220 million, or 9%, to £2,162 million compared with £2,382 million, principally due to the wind-down of Capital Resolution where net interest income fell to £6 million compared with £162 million in Q4 2014.  
 ·  NIM fell by 13 basis points to 2.10%, compared with 2.23%, as competitive asset margin pressure, particularly in UK PBB, was partly offset by deposit re-pricing in UK PBB and Commercial Banking.                                               
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q3 2015 
 
 ·  Net interest income declined by £25 million, or 1% to £2,162 million compared with £2,187 million primarily due to margin pressure in UK PBB and the wind-down of Capital Resolution. NIM was broadly stable at 2.10%.  
 
 
Notes: 
 
 (1)  For the purpose of net interest margin (NIM) calculations a decrease of £15 million (year ended 31 December 2014 - £47 million; Q4 2015 - £3 million; Q3 2015 - £4 million; Q4 2014 - £12 million) was made in respect of interest on financial assets and liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss. Related interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have also been adjusted.  
 (2)  PBB NIM was 2.93% (2014 - 3.10%; Q4 2015 - 2.80%; Q3 2015 - 2.93%; Q4 2014 - 3.14%) CPB NIM was 1.92% (2014 - 1.99%; Q4 2015 - 1.87%; Q3 2015 - 1.92%; Q4 2014 - 2.03%).                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
 (3)  Gross yield is the interest earned on average interest-earning assets of the banking book.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
 (4)  Interest spread is the difference between the gross yield and the interest rate paid on average interest-bearing liabilities of the banking business.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 (5)  Net interest margin is net interest income of the banking business as a percentage of average interest-earning assets of the banking business.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 (6)  Net interest margin includes Treasury allocations and interest on intercompany borrowings, which are excluded from third party customer rates.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 (7)  Ulster Bank Ireland Limited manages its funding and liquidity requirements locally. Its liquid asset portfolios and non-customer related funding sources are included within its net interest margin, but excluded from its third party asset and liability rates.                                                                                                                                                    
 
 
Analysis of results 
 
                                        Year ended                Quarter ended  
                                        31 December  31 December                 31 December  30 September  31 December  
 2015                                   2014                      2015           2015         2014          
 Non-interest income                    £m           £m                          £m           £m            £m           
                                                                                                                         
 Net fees and commissions               2,933        3,539                       653          685           851          
 Income from trading activities         806          1,325                       59           82            (319)        
 Own credit adjustments                 309          (146)                       (115)        136           (144)        
 (Loss)/gain on redemption of own debt  (263)        20                          (263)        -             -            
 Strategic disposals                    (157)        191                         (22)         -             -            
 Other operating income                 528          963                         10           93            195          
                                                                                                                         
 Total non-interest income              4,156        5,892                       322          996           583          
 
 
Key points 
 
2015 compared with 2014 
 
 ·  Non-interest income totalled £4,156 million, a decline of £1,736 million, or 29%, compared with £5,892 million in 2014, primarily driven by a reduction of £945 million in Capital Resolution as the business accelerated the planned shrinkage of the balance sheet, including disposal losses from the sale of several portfolios in the year. A movement of £530 million from volatile items under IFRS was recorded, which represented a gain of £29 million in 2015 compared with a charge of £501 million in 2014.  
 ·  Net fees and commissions fell by £606 million, or 17%, to £2,933 million, compared with £3,539 million, principally from the reduced scale of activity in CIB, run down of Capital Resolution and lower card interchange fees in UK PBB, down £59 million.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
 ·  Income from trading activities declined by £519 million, or 39%, to £806 million compared with £1,325 million, due to the reduced scale and resources in CIB and the continued planned reduction of the Capital Resolution business and the impact of disposal losses.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
 ·  Own credit adjustments represented a gain of £309 million compared with a charge of £146 million in 2014.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 ·  A loss of £263 million was recognised on the redemption of own debt, from a liability management exercise to repurchase certain US dollar, sterling and euro senior debt securities, compared with a gain of £20 million in 2014.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
 ·  Total disposal losses in Capital Resolution were £367 million, including £38 million of strategic disposal losses. Total strategic disposal losses were £157 million, compared with a gain of £191 million in 2014, principally relating to the international private banking business.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
 ·  Other operating income reduced by £435 million, or 45%, to £528 million compared with £963 million, principally due to the reduced scale of CIB, together with the run down of Capital Resolution and the impact of disposal losses. A loss of £67 million on the disposal of available-for-sale securities in Treasury was recorded, compared with a gain of £149 million in 2014.                                                                                                                                       
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q4 2014 
 
 ·  Non-interest income was £322 million, a reduction of 45%, compared with £583 million in Q4 2014  primarily due to a loss of £268 million in Capital Resolution, including the impact of total disposal losses of £180 million (including £24 million of strategic disposals) together with the loss on redemption of own debt of £263 million and £30 million lower equity gains in Commercial Banking. This was partly offset by a gain of £113 million from volatile items under IFRS compared with a charge of £340 million  
    Q4 2014.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 ·  Net fees and commissions fell by £198 million, or 23%, to £653 million compared with £851 million due to planned Capital Resolution rundown, lower CIB income of £35 million and pressure on interchange fees in UK PBB, down £14 million.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
 ·  Income from trading activities totalled £59 million, up £378 million, compared with a loss of £319 million, reflecting improved trading activity in CIB, primarily from a stronger performance in Rates.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
 
 
Analysis of results 
 
Key points (continued) 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q3 2015 
 
 ·  Non-interest income reduced by £674 million, or 68%, to £322 million compared with £996 million, principally due to the loss of £263 million on redemption of own debt. Own credit adjustments represented a charge of £115 million compared with a gain of £136 
    million in Q3 2015. This was mostly offset by a gain of £113 million from volatile items under IFRS compared with a charge of £126 million in Q3 2015. In Q4 2015, Capital Resolution continued its accelerated run down with total disposal losses of £180     
    million (including £24 million of strategic disposals) compared with £89 million in Q3 2015, whilst Commercial Banking recorded a loss of £34 million on the disposal of a non-strategic portfolio in Q4 2015.                                                  
 ·  A loss of £24 million for strategic disposals was recorded in Capital Resolution in Q4 2015, primarily due to the transfer of the Russian subsidiary to disposal groups. The sale is due to complete in Q2 2016.                                                
 
 
                                                       Year ended                Quarter ended  
                                                       31 December  31 December                 31 December  30 September  31 December  
 2015                                                  2014                      2015           2015*        2014          
 Operating expenses                                    £m           £m                          £m           £m            £m           
                                                                                                                                        
 Staff costs                                           4,896        5,376                       1,072        1,281         1,192        
 Premises and equipment                                1,483        1,812                       422          352           452          
 Other administrative expenses                         2,124        2,120                       786          477           701          
 Restructuring costs (see below)                       2,931        1,154                       614          847           542          
 Litigation and conduct costs                          3,568        2,194                       2,124        129           1,164        
                                                                                                                                        
 Administrative expenses                               15,002       12,656                      5,018        3,086         4,051        
 Depreciation and amortisation                         778          927                         170          190           203          
 Write down of goodwill                                498          130                         498          -             -            
 Write down of other intangible assets                 75           146                         75           -             64           
                                                                                                                                        
 Operating expenses                                    16,353       13,859                      5,761        3,276         4,318        
                                                                                                                                        
 Adjusted operating expenses (1)                       9,356        10,381                      2,525        2,300         2,612        
                                                                                                                                        
 Restructuring costs comprise:                                                                                                          
 - staff expenses                                      830          381                         205          281           133          
 - premises, equipment, depreciation and amortisation  746          272                         41           375           28           
 - other                                               1,355        501                         368          191           381          
                                                                                                                                        
 Restructuring costs                                   2,931        1,154                       614          847           542          
                                                                                                                                        
 Staff costs as a % of total income                    38%          35%                         43%          40%           40%          
 Cost:income ratio                                     127%         91%                         232%         103%          146%         
 Cost:income ratio - adjusted (2)                      72%          69%                         88%          75%           84%          
 Employee numbers (FTE - thousands)                    91.5         91.3                        91.5         92.4          91.3         
 
 
*Restated, refer to page 46 for further details. 
 
Notes: 
 
 (1)  Excluding restructuring costs, litigation and conduct costs, and write down of goodwill.                                                                                     
 (2)  Excluding restructuring costs, litigation and conduct costs, write down of goodwill, own credit adjustments, (loss)/gain on redemption of own debt and strategic disposals.  
 
 
                                     Year ended   
                                     31 December  31 December  
                                     2015         2014         
 UK Bank levy segmental allocations  £m           £m           
                                                               
 UK Personal & Business Banking      45           42           
 Ulster Bank RoI                     9            10           
 Commercial Banking                  103          82           
 Private Banking                     22           11           
 RBS International Banking           18           17           
 Corporate & Institutional Banking   24           41           
 Capital Resolution                  43           45           
 Central items                       (34)         2            
                                                               
 Total UK Bank levy                  230          250          
 
 
Analysis of results 
 
Key points 
 
2015 compared with 2014 
 
 ·  Total operating expenses of £16,353 million included significantly higher litigation and conduct costs of £3,568 million (2014 - £2,194 million), restructuring costs of £2,931 million (2014 - £1,154 million) and a goodwill impairment of £498 million       
    attributed to Private Banking (2014 - £130 million in Capital Resolution).                                                                                                                                                                                      
 ·  Adjusted operating expenses fell by £1,025 million, 10% to £9,356 million compared with £10,381 million. Excluding expenses associated with Williams & Glyn and the benefit of lower intangible asset write offs, adjusted operating expenses reduced by £983   
    million, exceeding the revised 2015 cost saving target of over £900 million.                                                                                                                                                                                    
 ·  Staff costs were 9% lower totalling £4,896 million compared with £5,376 million, reflecting reduced headcount in CIB and Capital Resolution.                                                                                                                    
 ·  Restructuring costs totalled £2,931 million compared with £1,154 million in 2014, as the transformation of the bank accelerated, particularly re-engineering the CIB business. This is in line with prior guidance for total restructuring costs of c.£5 billion 
    from 2015 to 2019. CIB restructuring costs totalled £524 million, including software and property write downs. Capital Resolution restructuring costs were much higher totalling £1,307 million as the business continues its planned rundown. Williams & Glyn  
    separation costs totalled £630 million. Private Banking also recorded a £91 million asset write down related to software.                                                                                                                                       
 ·  Litigation and conduct costs increased by £1,374 million, or 63% to £3,568 million, compared with £2,194 million in 2014. This includes: additional provisions for mortgage backed securities litigation in the US of £2,100 million; provisions for foreign    
    exchange investigations in the US of £334 million; customer redress provisions primarily relating to PPI of £600 million; packaged accounts provisions of £157 million; and other conduct provisions of £377 million.                                           
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q4 2014 
 
 ·  Operating expenses increased by £1,443 million, or 33%, to £5,761 million, compared with £4,318 million, driven by the additional litigation and conduct costs primarily relating to mortgage-backed securities litigation in the US and PPI redress provisions totalling £2,124 million compared with £1,164 million in Q4 2014 and the write down of goodwill of £498 million attributed to Private Banking.  
 ·  Adjusted operating expenses were £87 million lower totalling £2,525 million including staff costs declining 10% to £1,072 million, and £190 million of accrual reversals in Q4 2014. The bank levy was £230 million, compared with £250 million in 2014. However, the charge allocated to some segments was higher in 2015 than in the prior year.                                                              
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q3 2015 
 
 ·  Operating expenses increased by £2,485 million, or 76% to £5,761 million driven by additional charges for litigation and conduct costs of £2,124 million and the write down of goodwill of £498 million. This was party offset by lower restructuring costs of £614 million compared with £847 million in Q3 2015. Q4 2015 included £181 million related to Williams & Glyn.  
 ·  Adjusted operating expenses were 10% higher at £2,525 million with lower staff costs, down 16% to £1,072 million offset by the impact of the UK bank levy (£230 million).                                                                                                                                                                                                     
 
 
Analysis of results 
 
                                    Year ended                Quarter ended  
                                    31 December  31 December                 31 December  30 September  31 December  
 2015                               2014                      2015           2015         2014          
 Impairment (releases)/losses       £m           £m                          £m           £m            £m           
                                                                                                                     
 Loan impairment (releases)/losses                                                                                   
 - individually assessed            (406)        (835)                       (271)        (15)          (514)        
 - collectively assessed            (35)         173                         (27)         (13)          (120)        
 - latent                           (408)        (692)                       (28)         (64)          (50)         
                                                                                                                     
 Customer loans                     (849)        (1,354)                     (326)        (92)          (684)        
 Bank loans                         (4)          (10)                        -            (4)           -            
                                                                                                                     
 Total loan impairment releases     (853)        (1,364)                     (326)        (96)          (684)        
 Securities                         126          12                          (1)          17            14           
                                                                                                                     
 Total impairment releases          (727)        (1,352)                     (327)        (79)          (670)        
 
 
                                      31 December  30 September  31 December  
 Credit metrics (1)                   2015         2015          2014         
                                                                              
 Gross customer loans                 £315,111m    £322,957m     £412,801m    
 Loan impairment provisions           £7,139m      £9,277m       £18,040m     
 Risk elements in lending (REIL)      £12,157m     £14,643m      £28,219m     
 Provisions as a % of REIL            59%          63%           64%          
 REIL as a % of gross customer loans  3.9%         4.5%          6.8%         
 
 
Note: 
 
 (1)  Includes disposal groups.  
 
 
Key points 
 
2015 compared with 2014 
 
 ·  Net impairment releases of £727 million were 46% lower compared with net impairment releases of £1,352 million in 2014. Although releases were at lower levels than in 2014, credit quality remained stable, reflecting supportive economic conditions in UK and Ireland with continued elevated recoveries in certain businesses.                                                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 ·  Capital Resolution recorded net releases of £725 million, compared with £1,307 million in 2014, with disposal activity continuing. Ulster Bank RoI recorded net impairment releases of £141 million, down from £306 million in 2014, as economic conditions in Ireland continue to improve. UK PBB recorded a release of £7 million compared with a loss of £154 million, due to lower debt flows and increased releases and recoveries. Net impairment releases were also reported in CIB, although at more modest levels.  
 ·  Securities losses rose to £126 million from £12 million in 2014, principally related to a small number of single name exposures, mainly in the RBS N.V. liquidity portfolio.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 ·  Risk elements in lending (REIL) declined from £28.2 billion to £12.2 billion, with REIL as a percentage of gross loans falling from 6.8% to 3.9%. The reduction was driven by the disposal of Citizens and the continued rundown of Capital Resolution.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q4 2014 
 
 ·  Net impairment releases of £327 million were recorded, compared with net impairment releases of £670 million in the previous year. Capital Resolution and Ulster Bank RoI continued to record net impairment releases, albeit at lower levels than in Q4 2014.  
 
 
Q4 2015 compared with Q3 2015 
 
 ·  An increase in net impairment releases from £79 million to £327 million was primarily due to a large single write-back from the disposal of an Irish Real Estate loan portfolio.  
 
 
Analysis of results 
 
                                                                                                                
 Selected credit risk portfolios                                                              
                                  31 December 2015           31 December 2014 (1)  
                                  CRA (2)           TCE (3)  EAD (4)                 CRA (2)  TCE (3)  EAD (4)  
 Natural resources                £m                £m       £m                      £m       £m       £m       
                                                                                                                
 Oil & Gas                        3,533             6,609    5,606                   9,421    22,014   15,877   
 Mining & Metals                  1,134             2,105    1,555                   2,660    4,696    3,817    
 Electricity                      2,848             7,454    5,205                   4,927    16,212   9,984    
 Water & Waste                    4,835             5,948    5,873                   5,281    6,718    6,466    
                                                                                                                
                                  12,350            22,116   18,239                  22,289   49,640   36,144   
                                                                                                                
 Commodity traders (5)            749               1,117    1,350                   1,968    2,790    3,063    
 Of which: natural resources      548               772      776                     1,140    1,596    1,852    
                                                                                                                
 Shipping                         7,140             7,688    7,509                   10,087   10,710   10,552   
 
 
Notes: 
 
 (1)  Prior period data excludes Citizens for comparative purposes; Citizens totals for natural resources and transport at 31 December 2014 - CRA £2.6 billion, EAD £3.6 billion.                                                                                                          
 (2)  Credit risk assets (CRA) consist of lending gross of impairment provisions and derivative exposures after netting and contingent obligations.                                                                                                                                        
 (3)  Total committed exposure (TCE) comprises CRA, securities financing transactions after netting, banking book debt securities and committed undrawn facilities.                                                                                                                        
 (4)  Exposure at default (EAD) reflects an estimate of the extent to which a bank will be exposed to under a specific facility on the default of a customer or counterparty. Uncommitted undrawn facilities are excluded from TCE but included within EAD; therefore EAD can exceed TCE.  
 (5)  Commodity traders represents customers in a number of industry sectors, predominantly natural resources above.                                                                                                                                                                       
 
 
Key points 
 
·      Oil & Gas: exposure decreased significantly during 2015. This reflected proactive credit management, continued sales
and run-off across the CIB portfolio in Asia-Pacific and the North America. There was an increase in forbearance,
predominantly involving the relaxation of financial covenants to give customers more financial flexibility. Non-performing
exposures at 31 December 2015 were £138 million on a CRA basis. 
 
·      Mining & Metals: the reduction in exposure during 2015 reflected proactive credit management of more vulnerable
sub-sectors. The majority of the exposure is to large international customers and matures within five years. The asset
quality remained strong and 63% (31 December 2014 - 60%) of the portfolio was investment grade at 31 December 2015 and non
performing exposures at 31 December 2015 were £48 million on a CRA basis. 
 
·      Commodity traders: exposure more than halved during 2015. The remaining exposure is mainly to the largest and most
dominant traders in physical commodities 
 
·      Shipping: the exposure decrease during 2015 reflected scheduled loan repayments, prepayments and secondary sales in
Capital Resolution. Non-performing exposures at 31 December 2015 were £362 million (CRA) with an impairment provision of
£135 million. 
 
                       31 December 2015            31 December 2014  
                       Balance           Total                       Balance  Total     
                       sheet             exposure                    sheet    exposure  
 Emerging markets (1)  £m                £m                          £m       £m        
                                                                                        
 India                 1,563             1,879                       1,989    2,628     
 China                 1,054             1,094                       3,548    4,079     
 Russia                429               441                         1,830    1,997     
 
 
Note: 
 
 (1)  Balance sheet and total exposures include banking and trading book debt securities and are net of impairment provisions in respect of lending - refer to the Capital and risk management section of the 2015 Annual Report and Accounts for detailed definitions and additional disclosures.  
 
 
Key points 
 
·      Exposure to most emerging markets decreased in 2015 as RBS continued to implement its strategy to withdraw from
non-strategic countries. 
 
·      Exposure to Russia declined significantly throughout the year to less than a quarter of the 2014 exposure. 
 
Analysis of results 
 
 Capital and leverage ratios                                                                                                                          
                                             End-point CRR basis (1)                PRA transitional basis  
                                             31 December              30 September  31 December               31 December  30 September  31 December  
                                             2015                     2015*         2014*                     2015         2015*         2014*        
 Risk asset ratios                           %                        %             %                         %            %             %            
                                                                                                                                                      
 CET1                                        15.5                     12.7          11.2                      15.5         12.7          11.1         
 Tier 1                                      16.3                     13.3          11.2                      19.1         15.5          13.2         
 Total                                       19.6                     16.0          13.7                      24.7         19.8          17.1         
                                                                                                                                                      
 Capital                                     £m                       £m            £m                        £m           £m            £m           
                                                                                                                                                      
 Tangible equity                             40,943                   42,937        42,885                    40,943       42,937        42,885       
 Expected loss less impairment provisions    (1,035)                  (1,185)       (1,491)                   (1,035)      (1,185)       (1,491)      
 Prudential valuation adjustment             (381)                    (392)         (384)                     (381)        (392)         (384)        
 Deferred tax assets                         (1,110)                  (1,159)       (1,222)                   (1,110)      (1,159)       (1,222)      
 Own credit adjustments                      (104)                    208           500                       (104)        208           500          
 Pension fund assets                         (161)                    (256)         (238)                     (161)        (256)         (238)        
 Other deductions                            (544)                    27            (131)                     (522)        49            (401)        
                                                                                                                                                      
 Total deductions                            (3,335)                  (2,757)       (2,966)                   (3,313)      (2,735)       (3,236)      
                                                                                                                                                      
 CET1 capital                                37,608                   40,180        39,919                    37,630       40,202        39,649       
 AT1 capital                                 1,997                    1,997         -                         8,716        8,716         7,468        
 Tier 1 capital                              39,605                   42,177        39,919                    46,346       48,918        47,117       
 Tier 2 capital                              8,002                    8,331         8,717                     13,619       13,742        13,626       
                                                                                                                                                      
 Total regulatory capital                    47,607                   50,508        48,636                    59,965       62,660        60,743       
                                                                                                                                                      
 Risk-weighted assets                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                      
 Credit risk                                                                                                                                          
 - non-counterparty                          166,400                  237,800       264,700                                                           
 - counterparty                              23,400                   26,900        30,400                                                            
 Market risk                                 21,200                   19,700        24,000                                                            
 Operational risk                            31,600                   31,600        36,800                                                            
                                                                                                                                                      
 Total RWAs                                  242,600                  316,000       355,900                                                           
                                                                                                                                                      
 Leverage (2)                                                                                                                                         
                                                                                                                                                      
 Derivatives                                 262,500                  296,500       354,000                                                           
 Loans and advances                          327,000                  402,300       419,600                                                           
 Reverse repos                               39,900                   52,100        64,700                                                            
 Other assets                                186,000                  208,000       212,700                                                           
                                                                                                                                                      
 Total assets                                815,400                  958,900       1,051,000                                                         
 Derivatives                                                                                                                                          
 - netting                                   (258,600)                (280,300)     (330,900)                                                         
 - potential future exposures                75,600                   82,200        98,800                                                            
 Securities financing transactions gross up  5,100                    6,600         25,000                                                            
 Undrawn commitments                         63,500                   78,900        96,400                                                            
 Regulatory deductions and other                 

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