Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2025
17 June 2025 Northern 2 VCT PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year ended 31 March 2025 Northern 2 VCT PLC is a Venture Capital Trust (VCT) managed by Mercia Fund Management Limited. It invests mainly in unquoted venture capital holdings and aims to provide long-term tax-free returns to shareholders through a combination of dividend yield and capital growth. Financial highlights (comparative figures as at 31 March 2024):
| Year ended 31 March 2025 | Year ended 31 March 2024 | |
| Net assets | £128.1m | £119.5m |
| Net asset value per share | 58.3p | 57.3p |
| Return per share | ||
| Revenue | 0.5p | 0.8p |
| Capital | 3.3p | 0.6p |
| Total | 3.8p | 1.4p |
| Dividend per share declared in respect of the period | ||
| Interim dividend | 1.7p | 1.8p |
| Proposed final dividend | 1.3p | 1.2p |
| Total | 3.0p | 3.0p |
| Return to shareholders since launch | ||
| Net asset value per share | 58.3p | 57.3p |
| Cumulative dividends paid per share^* | 142.0p | 139.1p |
| Cumulative return per share^ | 200.3p | 196.4p |
| Mid-market share price at end of period | 53.5p | 54.5p |
| Share price discount to net asset value | 8.2% | 4.9% |
| Annualised tax-free dividend yield^** | 5.2% | 5.1% |
| Year ended 31 March 2025 | Year ended 31 March 2024 | |||||||||
| Revenue £000 | Capital £000 | Total £000 | Revenue £000 | Capital £000 | Total £000 | |||||
| Gain / (loss) on disposal of investments | – | 3,148 | 3,148 | – | 933 | 933 | ||||
| Unrealised fair value gains / (losses) on investments | – | 5,338 | 5,338 | – | 1,839 | 1,839 | ||||
| – | 8,486 | 8,486 | – | 2,772 | 2,772 | |||||
| Dividend and interest income | 3,144 | – | 3,144 | 2,738 | – | 2,738 | ||||
| Investment management fee | (567) | (2,022) | (2,589) | (515) | (1,545) | (2,060) | ||||
| Other expenses | (675) | – | (675) | (602) | – | (602) | ||||
| Return before tax | 1,902 | 6,464 | 8,366 | 1,621 | 1,227 | 2,848 | ||||
| Tax on return | (852) | 852 | – | 73 | (73) | – | ||||
| Return after tax | 1,050 | 7,316 | 8,366 | 1,694 | 1,154 | 2,848 | ||||
| Return per share | 0.5p | 3.3p | 3.8p | 0.8p | 0.6p | 1.4p | ||||
| 31 March 2025 £000 | 31 March 2024 £000 | |||||
| Fixed assets | ||||||
| Investments | 87,889 | 75,779 | ||||
| Current assets | ||||||
| Debtors | 2,670 | 911 | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 38,062 | 42,999 | ||||
| 40,732 | 43,910 | |||||
| Creditors (amounts falling due within one year) | (543) | (163) | ||||
| Net current assets | 40,189 | 43,747 | ||||
| Net assets | 128,078 | 119,526 | ||||
| Capital and reserves | ||||||
| Called-up equity share capital | 10,993 | 10,434 | ||||
| Share premium | 62,633 | 52,737 | ||||
| Capital redemption reserve | 1,468 | 1,079 | ||||
| Capital reserve | 47,177 | 54,973 | ||||
| Revaluation reserve | 4,939 | (853) | ||||
| Revenue reserve | 868 | 1,156 | ||||
| Total equity shareholders’ funds | 128,078 | 119,526 | ||||
| Net asset value per share | 58.3p | 57.3p | ||||
| Non-distributable reserves | Distributable reserves | |||||||||||
| Called-up share capital £000 | Share premium £000 | Capital redemption reserve £000 | Revaluation reserve* £000 | Capital reserve £000 | Revenue reserve £000 | Total £000 | ||||||
| At 31 March 2024 | 10,434 | 52,737 | 1,079 | (853) | 54,973 | 1,156 | 119,526 | |||||
| Return after tax | – | – | – | 5,792 | 1,524 | 1,050 | 8,366 | |||||
| Dividends paid | – | – | – | – | (5,109) | (1,338) | (6,447) | |||||
| Net proceeds of share issues | 948 | 9,896 | – | – | – | – | 10,844 | |||||
| Shares purchased for cancellation | (389) | – | 389 | – | (4,211) | – | (4,211) | |||||
| At 31 March 2025 | 10,993 | 62,633 | 1,468 | 4,939 | 47,177 | 868 | 128,078 | |||||
| Non-distributable reserves | Distributable reserves | |||||||||||
| Called-up share capital £000 | Share premium £000 | Capital redemption reserve £000 | Revaluation reserve* £000 | Capital reserve £000 | Revenue reserve £000 | Total £000 | ||||||
| At 31 March 2023 | 9,282 | 38,165 | 849 | 2,015 | 59,176 | 89 | 109,576 | |||||
| Return after tax | – | – | – | (2,868) | 4,022 | 1,694 | 2,848 | |||||
| Dividends paid | – | – | – | – | (5,664) | (627) | (6,291) | |||||
| Net proceeds of share issues | 1,382 | 14,572 | – | – | – | – | 15,954 | |||||
| Shares purchased for cancellation | (230) | – | 230 | – | (2,561) | – | (2,561) | |||||
| At 31 March 2024 | 10,434 | 52,737 | 1,079 | (853) | 54,973 | 1,156 | 119,526 | |||||
| Year ended 31 March 2025 £000 | Year ended 31 March 2024 £000 | ||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||
| Return before tax | 8,366 | 2,848 | |||||
| Adjustments for: | |||||||
| (Gain) / loss on disposal of investments | (3,148) | (933) | |||||
| Movements in fair value of investments | (5,338) | (1,839) | |||||
| (Increase) / decrease in debtors | 38 | (85) | |||||
| Increase / (decrease) in creditors | 380 | (11) | |||||
| Net cash inflow / (outflow) from operating activities | 298 | (20) | |||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||
| Purchase of investments | (14,605) | (15,569) | |||||
| Proceeds on disposal of investments | 9,184 | 22,168 | |||||
| Net cash inflow / (outflow) from investing activities | (5,421) | 6,599 | |||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||
| Issue of ordinary shares | 11,309 | 16,507 | |||||
| Share issue expenses | (465) | (553) | |||||
| Purchase of ordinary shares for cancellation | (4,211) | (2,561) | |||||
| Equity dividends paid | (6,447) | (6,291) | |||||
| Net cash inflow / (outflow) from financing activities | 186 | 7,102 | |||||
| Increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (4,937) | 13,681 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 42,999 | 29,318 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 38,062 | 42,999 | |||||
Fifteen largest venture capital investments | Cost £000 | Valuation £000 | % of net assets by value | Like for like valuation increase / (decrease) over period ** £000 | |||||
| 1 | Project Glow Topco (t/a The Beauty Tech Group, previously t/a Currentbody.com) | 1,544 | 6,706 | 5.2% | 3,449 | ||||
| 2 | Pure Pet Food | 1,516 | 5,614 | 4.4% | 3,008 | ||||
| 3 | Rockar | 1,766 | 3,348 | 2.6% | 370 | ||||
| 4 | Pimberly | 1,876 | 3,207 | 2.5% | 37 | ||||
| 5 | Tutora (t/a Tutorful) | 3,023 | 3,023 | 2.4% | – | ||||
| 6 | Netacea | 2,486 | 2,486 | 1.9% | – | ||||
| 7 | Forensic Analytics | 2,475 | 2,475 | 1.9% | – | ||||
| 8 | Biological Preparations Group | 2,166 | 2,392 | 1.9% | 406 | ||||
| 9 | Ridge Pharma | 1,387 | 2,342 | 1.8% | 333 | ||||
| 10 | Turbine Simulated Cell Technologies | 1,955 | 2,175 | 1.7% | 24 | ||||
| 11 | Semble | 2,072 | 2,072 | 1.6% | – | ||||
| 12 | Napo | 2,052 | 2,052 | 1.6% | – | ||||
| 13 | Risk Ledger | 1,509 | 2,044 | 1.6% | 534 | ||||
| 14 | LMC Software | 1,842 | 2,036 | 1.6% | 194 | ||||
| 15 | Broker Insights | 1,961 | 2,033 | 1.6% | 64 | ||||
| Other venture capital investments | |||||||||
| 16 | Social Value Portal | 2,016 | 2,016 | 1.6% | – | ||||
| 17 | Enate | 1,394 | 1,999 | 1.6% | 606 | ||||
| 18 | Send Technology Solutions | 1,858 | 1,930 | 1.5% | 72 | ||||
| 19 | Clarilis | 1,828 | 1,828 | 1.4% | 0 | ||||
| 20 | Naitive Technologies | 1,706 | 1,803 | 1.4% | 97 | ||||
| 21 | Volumatic Holdings | 216 | 1,773 | 1.4% | (148) | ||||
| 22 | Camena Bioscience | 1,702 | 1,702 | 1.3% | – | ||||
| 23 | Moonshot | 1,235 | 1,679 | 1.3% | 444 | ||||
| 24 | Administrate | 2,629 | 1,667 | 1.3% | (166) | ||||
| 25 | Newcells Biotech | 2,935 | 1,618 | 1.3% | (1,541) | ||||
| 26 | Locate Bio | 1,597 | 1,597 | 1.3% | – | ||||
| 27 | VoxPopMe | 1,518 | 1,518 | 1.2% | – | ||||
| 28 | Wonderush Ltd (t/a Hownow) | 1,513 | 1,513 | 1.2% | – | ||||
| 29 | Ski Zoom (t/a Heidi Ski) | 1,459 | 1,459 | 1.1% | – | ||||
| 30 | Axis Spine Technologies | 1,420 | 1,423 | 1.1% | 4 | ||||
| 31 | Culture AI | 1,376 | 1,376 | 1.1% | – | ||||
| 32 | Promethean | 1,333 | 1,333 | 1.0% | – | ||||
| 33 | Buoyant Upholstery | 605 | 1,215 | 0.9% | (647) | ||||
| 34 | Optellum | 1,206 | 1,206 | 0.9% | – | ||||
| 35 | Duke & Dexter | 1,132 | 1,172 | 0.9% | 583 | ||||
| 36 | Centuro Global | 1,109 | 1,109 | 0.9% | – | ||||
| 37 | iOpt | 1,006 | 1,096 | 0.9% | 90 | ||||
| 38 | Tozaro (formerly MIP Discovery) | 1,094 | 1,094 | 0.9% | – | ||||
| 39 | Scalpel | 1,036 | 1,036 | 0.8% | – | ||||
| 40 | Rego Technologies (t/a Upp)(formerly Volo) | 2,349 | 1,034 | 0.8% | 375 | ||||
| 41 | Wobble Genomics | 1,034 | 1,034 | 0.8% | – | ||||
| 42 | Warwick Acoustics | 1,002 | 1,002 | 0.8% | – | ||||
| 43 | Seahawk Bidco | 479 | 907 | 0.7% | (20) | ||||
| 44 | Oddbox | 1,002 | 795 | 0.6% | 65 | ||||
| 45 | Synthesized | 482 | 710 | 0.6% | 227 | ||||
| 46 | Quotevine | 1,187 | 448 | 0.3% | 448 | ||||
| 47 | Thanksbox (t/a Mo) | 1,524 | 364 | 0.3% | (11) | ||||
| 48 | Atlas Cloud | 647 | 355 | 0.3% | (1) | ||||
| 49 | Fresh Approach (UK) Holdings | 873 | 309 | 0.2% | (125) | ||||
| 50 | Arnlea Holdings | 1,287 | 224 | 0.2% | (11) | ||||
| 51 | Sorted | 164 | 216 | 0.2% | 53 | ||||
| 52 | Sen Corporation | 643 | 133 | 0.1% | (147) | ||||
| 53 | Northrow | 1,406 | 70 | 0.1% | (578) | ||||
| 54 | Angle* | 134 | 36 | 0.0% | (10) | ||||
| 55 | Customs Connect Group | 1,433 | 31 | 0.0% | (75) | ||||
| 56 | Adludio | 2,667 | 30 | 0.0% | (2,646) | ||||
| 57 | Velocity Composites* | 84 | 24 | 0.0% | (6) | ||||
| Total venture capital investments | 82,950 | 87,889 | 68.6% | ||||||
| Net current assets | 40,189 | 31.4% | |||||||
| Net assets | 128,078 | 100.0% | |||||||
| Risk | Mitigation |
| Availability of qualifying investments: there can be no guarantee that suitable investment opportunities will be identified in order to meet the Company’s objectives, which could have an adverse effect on investor returns. Additionally, the Company’s ability to obtain maximum value from its investments may be limited by the requirements of the relevant VCT Rules in order to maintain the VCT status of the Company. | The Manager has a dedicated investment team that identifies and transacts in qualifying investments. The Directors regularly meet with the Manager to maintain awareness of the pipeline, and factors this into the Company’s fund raising plans. |
| Credit risk: the Company holds a number of financial instruments and cash deposits and is dependent on the counterparties discharging their commitment. Such balances my be held with banks or in money market funds as part of the Company’s liquidity management. | The Directors review the creditworthiness of the counterparties to these instruments including the rating of money market funds to seek to manage and mitigate exposure to credit risk. |
| Economic and geopolitical risk: events such as economic recession or general fluctuation in stock markets, exchange rates and interest rates, notwithstanding recent lower inflation and falling interest rates, may affect the valuation of investee companies and their ability to access adequate financial resources, as well as affecting the Company’s own share price and discount to net asset value. In addition, US trade policy and hostilities in the Middle East and Ukraine (including sanctions on the Russian Federation) may have further economic consequences as a result of market volatility and the restricted access to certain commodities and energy supplies. Such conditions may adversely affect the performance of companies in which the Company has invested (or may invest), which in turn may adversely affect the performance of the Company, and may have an impact on the number or quality of investment opportunities available to the Company and the ability of the Manager to realise the Company’s investments. Any of these factors could have an adverse effect on investor returns. | The Company invests in a diversified portfolio of investments spanning various industry sectors and which are at different stages of growth. The Company maintains sufficient cash reserves to be able to provide additional funding to investee companies where it is appropriate and in the interests of the Company to do so. The Manager’s team is structured such that appropriate monitoring and oversight is undertaken by an experienced investment executive. As part of this oversight, the investment executive will guide and support the board of each unquoted investee company. At all times, and particularly during periods of heightened economic uncertainty, the investment team of the Manager share best practice from across the portfolio with the investee management teams in order to help with addressing economic challenges. |
| Financial risk: most of the Company’s investments involve a medium to long-term commitment and many are illiquid. | The Directors consider that it is inappropriate to finance the Company’s activities through borrowing except on an occasional short-term basis. Accordingly they seek to maintain a proportion of the Company’s assets in cash or cash equivalents in order to be in a position to pursue new unquoted investment opportunities and to make follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies. The Company has very little direct exposure to foreign currency risk and does not enter into derivative transactions. |
| Investment and liquidity risk: the Company invests in early stage companies which may be pre-revenue at the point of investment. Portfolio companies may also require significant funds, through multiple funding rounds to develop their technology or the products being developed may be subject to regulatory approvals before they can be launched into the market. This involves a higher degree of risk and company failure compared to investment in larger companies with established business models. Early stage companies generally have limited product lines, markets and financial resources and may be more dependent on key individuals. The securities of companies in which the Company invests are typically unlisted, making them particularly illiquid and may represent minority stakes, which may cause difficulties in valuing and disposing of the securities. The Company may invest in businesses whose shares are quoted on AIM however this may not mean that they can be readily traded and the spread between the buying and selling prices of such shares may be wide. | The Directors aim to limit the investment and liquidity risk through regular monitoring of the investment portfolio and oversight of the Manager, who is responsible for advising the Board in accordance with the Company’s investment objective. The investment and liquidity risks are mitigated through the careful selection, close monitoring and timely realisation of investments, by carrying out rigorous due diligence procedures and maintaining a wide spread of holdings in terms of financing stage and industry sector within the rules of the VCT scheme. The Board reviews the investment portfolio and liquidity with the Manager on a regular basis. |
| Legislative and regulatory risk: in order to maintain its approval as a VCT, the Company is required to comply with current VCT legislation in the UK. Changes to UK legislation in the future could have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve satisfactory investment returns whilst retaining its VCT approval. | The Board and the Manager monitor political developments and where appropriate seek to make representations either directly or through relevant trade bodies. |
| Operational risk: the Company does not have any employees and the Board relies on a number of third party providers, including the Manager, registrar and custodian, sponsor, receiving agent, lawyers and tax advisers, to provide it with the necessary services to operate. Such operations delegated to the Company’s key service providers may not be performed in a timely or accurate manner, resulting in reputational, regulatory, or financial damage. The risk of cyber-attack or failure of the systems and controls at any of the Company’s third party providers may lead to an inability to service shareholder needs adequately, to provide accurate reporting and accounting and to ensure adherence to all VCT legislation rules. | The Board has appointed an Audit and Risk Committee, who monitor the effectiveness of the system of internal controls, both financial and non-financial, operated by the Company and the Manager. These controls are designed to ensure that the Company’s assets are safeguarded and that proper accounting records are maintained. Third party suppliers are required to have in place their own risk and controls framework, business continuity plans and the necessary expertise and resources in place to ensure that a high quality service can be maintained even under stressed scenarios. |
| Performance of the Manager: the successful implementation of the Company’s investment policy is dependent on the expertise of the Manager and its ability to attract and retain suitable staff. The Company’s ability to achieve its investment objectives is largely dependent on the performance of the Manager in the acquisition and disposal of assets and the management of such assets. The Board has broad discretion to monitor the performance of the Manager and the power to appoint a replacement, but the Manager’s performance or that of any replacement cannot be guaranteed. | The Board reviews the performance of the Manager formally at Management Engagement Committee meetings and during the year at Board meetings. There is on-going dialogue outside of formal meetings. Performance is closely monitored against other VCT funds and review of other market intelligence. |
| VCT qualifying status risk: while it is the intention of the Directors that the Company will be managed so as to continue to qualify as a VCT, there can be no guarantee that this status will be maintained. A failure to continue meeting the qualifying requirements could result in the loss of VCT tax relief, the Company losing its exemption from corporation tax on capital gains, to shareholders being liable to pay income tax on dividends received from the Company and, in certain circumstances, to shareholders being required to repay the initial income tax relief on their investment. | The Manager keeps the Company’s VCT qualifying status under continual review and its reports are reviewed by the Board on a quarterly basis. The Board has also retained Philip Hare & Associates LLP to undertake an independent VCT status monitoring role. |