REG - Ryanair Holdings PLC Ryanair Holdings-RYA - RYANAIR TO APPEAL FLAWED AGCM RULING & FINE

Ryanair HoldingsAnnouncement

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RNS Number : 6705M  Ryanair Holdings PLC  23 December 2025

RYANAIR WILL IMMEDIATELY APPEAL

LEGALLY FLAWED AGCM RULING & €256M FINE

MILAN COURT IN 2024 ALREADY DECLARED RYANAIR'S DIRECT DISTRIBUTION
"UNDOUBTEDLY BENEFITS CONSUMERS".

Ryanair, Europe's No.1 airline, today (Tues, 23 Dec) instructed its lawyers to
immediately appeal both the bizarre/unsound ruling and the €256m fine,
unjustly levied by the Italian Competition Authority (AGCM), which seeks to
ignore - and overturn - the Jan 2024 Precedent Ruling of the Milan Court,
which declared that Ryanair's direct distribution model "undoubtedly benefits
consumers" and leads to "competitive fares". Today's Ruling validates
Ryanair's current distribution agreements, which guarantee price transparency
for consumers, and safeguards the continuing availability of the lowest
promotional fares on ryanair.com. The AGCM's baseless efforts to redefine a
period of time after the Milan Court Ruling, and to wrongly claim that Ryanair
has a dominant position in air services to/from Italy will be overturned. This
Ruling and fine are legally unsound, and will be overturned on appeal.

Ryanair has campaigned for many years to offer consumers the lowest fares by
booking directly on the ryanair.com website. This direct distribution model
was ruled to "undoubtedly benefits consumers" by the Milan Court, as recently
as Jan 2024. However, under pressure from a Spanish OTA (which has repeatedly
overcharged unsuspecting consumers), and a tiny number of bricks and mortar
travel agents in Italy, the AGCM has today issued a Ruling (and this absurd
fine), which flies in the face of the Jan 2024 Milan Court Ruling.

In order to invent this legally unsound Ruling, the AGCM has ignored the fact
of Ryanair's non-dominant (just over 30%) share of the Italian market, by
gerrymandering to exclude both long haul air travel, and short haul air access
to a number of other countries, so that it could invent this claim that
Ryanair holds a dominant position in the Italian air travel market. It also
seeks to exclude competing rail, bus, ferry and motorway travel from the
market definition, in what is clearly an invented, but untenable market
definition.

The AGCM Ruling appears to accept that Ryanair's current approved OTA and
Travel Agent Direct agreements, which allow all OTAs and bricks and mortar
travel agents "cost free" unfettered access to Ryanair's airfares (with the
sole exception of Ryanair's promotional fares) as long as they agree not to
overcharge consumers when selling Ryanair's fares and ancillary services,
comply with competition law. Nevertheless, this contorted ruling and its
absurd fine flies in the face of the Milan Court decision of Jan 2024, and can
only be the product of a biased and unsound analysis of Ryanair's pro-consumer
pricing in every market in Italy in which Ryanair operates.

Ryanair's CEO Michael O'Leary said:

"If today's legally unsound AGCM Ruling and fine is not appealed, then the
AGCM proposes to set itself above the Milan Courts in making competition
decisions. Ryanair has fought for many years for transparent pricing, and our
approved OTA agreements (which have been agreed by almost every large OTA,
with the notable exception of one Spanish OTA, who continues to overcharge its
customers for flights and ancillary services) are manifestly and clearly
pro-consumer.

When Ryanair first started in 1985, 20% of ticket revenues were wasted paying
travel agents 10% commissions, and GDS systems 10% commissions, in an industry
with high fares, but profit margins of less than 1%. The internet and the
ryanair.com website have enabled Ryanair to distribute directly to consumers,
and Ryanair has passed on these 20% cost savings in the form of the lowest air
fares in Italy and Europe. Today's AGCM ruling is both legally unsound, and it
contradicts the Precedent Milan Court Ruling of January 2024, which declared
that Ryanair's direct distribution model "undoubtedly benefits consumers".

This AGCM Ruling is an affront to the Precedent Milan Court Ruling, and also
an affront to consumer protection and competition law. Ryanair has grown
rapidly in Italy - and in many other markets across Europe - by always
offering the lowest air fares in every single market in which we operate. This
legally baseless AGCM Ruling, and its absurd €256m fine, undermines consumer
protection and competition law, and it will be overturned on appeal.

 

The AGCM should have followed the Jan 2024 Precedent Ruling of the Milan
Court, which ruled that Ryanair's direct distribution model

-   "undoubtedly benefit s  consumers" by leading to lower fares

-    is "economically justified in terms of containing operating costs, and
eliminating the costs associated with  intermediation in ticket sales"

-   "contribute s  to…a direct channel of communication…for any possible
need for information and updates on flights".

Ryanair looks forward to successfully overturning this legally flawed ruling
and its absurd €256m fine in the Courts. Today's Ruling shows that the AGCM
cannot be trusted to protect consumers, or uphold competition law, when it can
be so easily misled by a tiny number of self-serving bricks & mortar
travel agents and a Spanish OTA, making false claims. It is these OTAs and
travel agents that the AGCM should be protecting consumers from. Today's AGCM
Ruling cannot ignore, and must respect the Precedent Jan 2024 Ruling of the
Milan Court, and the pro-consumer behaviour of Ryanair in every market in
Italy in which we operate. Both we and our lawyers, are confident that this
flawed, gerrymandered AGCM ruling and its absurd €256m fine will be
overturned on appeal."

 

ENDS

For further info
please contact:   Ryanair Press
Office
 

T: +353-1-9451799

E: press@ryanair.com

 

Note to Editors

Please find below background Note to Editors, summarizing Ryanair's
distribution model and the Jan 2024 Milan Court Ruling.

1.  When Ryanair first opened its Ryanair.com website in 1999, it guaranteed
consumers that its lowest fares would only be available on its website because
the internet allowed Ryanair to save costs of GDS distribution and travel
agency commissions (approx. 20% of each fare), which Ryanair then passed back
to customers in lower fares when they booked direct on its website.

2.  Online travel agents (OTAs) and price comparison websites emerged in the
early 2000s, Ryanair offered all such agents a price comparison licence
agreement which would give them access to the Ryanair.com website as long as
they agreed to present real Ryanair prices.

3.  As the internet developed, the OTAs developed new techniques to "scrape"
content from Ryanair.com (despite the fact that this unauthorised scraping was
in breach of Ryanair's Ts&Cs), resell Ryanair tickets and overcharge
consumers. Since the 2000s, Ryanair introduced a series of security measures
to prevent OTAs from overcharging Ryanair customers. However, none of these
measures were successful in the long term as OTAs switched to using "burner IP
addresses", virtual credit cards and more recently PayPal in China to
circumvent payment security rules, and started using fake email addresses,
which prevented Ryanair from communicating directly with the customer to give
them flight updates, or in some cases (during Covid) refunds.

4.  While this cat and mouse game was played out between Ryanair and these
overcharging OTAs, unsuspecting customers were often charged hidden handling
fees. In other examples, the OTAs overcharged consumers for Ryanair ancillary
services such as bag fees, priority boarding and seat selection.  To this day
Ryanair publishes a monthly survey of this overcharging by OTAs proving real
consumer harm.

5.  All of these issues were considered in detail by the Milan Court of
Appeal (in combined cases taken by Lastminute and Viaggiare) - see summary of
judgment below.

6.  Since January 2024 Ryanair has entered into numerous "approved OTA
agreements" under which Ryanair gives direct access to its website to OTAs who
agree not to screenscrape Ryanair.com and to present true Ryanair prices for
fares and ancillary services to consumers, with no hidden add-ons. The OTAs
and agents are free to charge the customer a transparent agency fee if they so
wish or to offer discounts. The same access to Ryanair's fares inventory is
available to traditional travel agents under Ryanair's Travel Agent Direct
platform and through traditional Global Distribution Systems.

 

On 17 Jan 2024, the Milan Court of Appeal ruled as follows in
Lastminute/Viaggiare vs. Ryanair:

1.  Ryanair's decision to reserve the sale of its air services to itself does
not constitute abuse of a dominant position.

2.  The Court holds that there is no abuse of a dominant position by Ryanair
on the downstream market of travel and tourism services having reserved for
itself the direct sale of its airline tickets.

3.  It has been shown that Ryanair's choice of reserving for itself the sale
of its airline tickets, does not deprive, nor has it deprived, the OTA of
access to a resource considered essential to carry out the OTA's business.

4.  Ryanair sells "only" its airline tickets, and does not sell tickets of
other carriers. OTAs on the other hand broker the sale of airline tickets from
all airlines and other modes of transport (railways, buses, ferries, cruise
ships, etc.).

5.  It is undisputed among the parties that through the payment of a token
price licence, the OTAs can access and compare Ryanair's price and flight
schedules. Thus, there is no evidence of "refusal" to provide such
information.

6.  As for the risk of eliminating competition, the Court notes that taking
into account the different scope in which OTAs and Ryanair operate,
predominantly in the downstream market (for the sale of non-aviation
services), the likely occurrence of such an event should be ruled out.

7.  The OTA has asserted that the sale of airline tickets is the main driver
of OTAs' revenues. This assertion is incorrect when referring to OTAs in
general, for which the booking of hotels and other accommodation appear
significantly more important than the sale of airline tickets and are
considered to be the real driver of their business.

8.  Ryanair's entrepreneurial choice to sell its airline tickets directly is
"economically justified" in terms of reasonableness, in terms of containing
operating costs, and eliminating the costs associated with distribution in
ticket sales. This has contributed to the application of competitive fares,
which undoubtedly benefits consumers, and to the possibility of having direct
channels of communication with them for any possible need for information and
updates on flights.  No harm to users therefore was established by the
investigation conducted.

 

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