Factbox: Tariff wars: duties imposed by Trump and U.S. trading partners

Solarworld AG

30/11/2018 18:58

Nov 30 (Reuters) - U.S. President Donald Trump has rattled
the world trade order by imposing unilateral tariffs to combat
what he calls unfair trade practices by China, the European
Union and other major trading partners of the United States.
    The actions led to tit-for-tat retaliation, including a
growing tariff war with China that threatens to engulf all trade
between the world's two largest economies.
    The following is a rundown of major U.S. tariff actions and
retaliatory measures in 2018:
    
    U.S. GLOBAL TARIFFS
    - 25 percent tariffs on imported steel and 10 percent
tariffs on imported aluminum, imposed on March 23 on national
security grounds. Exemptions have been granted to Argentina,
Australia, Brazil and South Korea in exchange for quotas, and
negotiations over quotas continue with Canada, Mexico and the
European Union.
    - 20 percent to 50 percent tariffs on imported washing
machines, imposed Jan. 22 as a "global safeguard" action to
protect U.S. producers Whirlpool  WHR.N  and GE Appliances, a
unit of China's Haier Group  1169.HK  600690.SS  
    - 30 percent tariffs on imported solar panels, imposed Jan.
22 as a "global safeguard" action to protect U.S. producers 
Solar World  SWVKk.F , based in Germany, and Suniva, owned by
China's Shunfeng International Clean Energy Ltd  1165.HK  
    - Trump is considering tariffs of around 25 percent on
imported cars and auto parts, based on a U.S. Commerce
Department study of whether such imports threaten U.S. national
security.
    The new U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement trade deal protects
Canadian and Mexican production in the event of such tariffs
through a quota system. Trump has pledged not to impose auto
tariffs on Japan and the European Union while trade negotiations
with those partners are underway. 
    
    U.S. TARIFFS ON CHINA
    - 25 percent tariffs on $50 billion worth of Chinese
technology goods including machinery, semiconductors, autos,
aircraft parts and intermediate electronics components imposed
July 6 and Aug. 23 as part of "Section 301" probe into China's
intellectual property practices.
    - 10 percent tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese goods
including chemicals, building materials, furniture and some
consumer electronics, imposed Sept. 24 as a response to Chinese
retaliation. The levy on these imports is scheduled to increase
to 25 percent on Jan. 1, 2019.
    - If an agreement with China cannot be reached, Trump has
threatened to impose tariffs on an additional $267 billion worth
of Chinese goods, representing all remaining imports from China,
including cell phones, computers, clothing, footwear and other
consumer products.
    - U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said on
Wednesday that Trump has directed him to pursue all tools to
raise the U.S. tariff rate on Chinese autos to the 40 percent
that China is now charging on cars and trucks built in the
United States. The United States charges 27.5 percent tariffs on
Chinese vehicles.  urn:newsml:reuters.com:*:nL2N1Y32CM
    
    CHINESE TARIFFS ON UNITED STATES
    - 25 percent tariffs on $50 billion worth of U.S. goods
including soybeans, beef, pork, seafood, vegetables, whiskey,
ethanol and motor vehicles, imposed July 6 and Aug. 23 in
retaliation for initial rounds of U.S. tariffs.
    - Tariffs of 5 percent to 10 percent on $60 billion worth of
U.S. goods, including liquefied natural gas, chemicals, frozen
vegetables and food ingredients, imposed Sept. 24.
    - Based on 2017 U.S. Census Bureau trade data, China only
would have about $20 billion in U.S. imports left to levy in
retaliation for any future U.S. tariffs, of which $16 billion
were commercial aircraft, largely built by Boeing Co  BA.N .
Retaliation could come in other forms, such as increased
regulatory hurdles for U.S. companies doing business in China.
    
    CANADIAN TARIFFS ON UNITED STATES
    - Canada on July 1 imposed tariffs on $12.6 billion worth of
U.S. goods, including steel, aluminum, coffee, ketchup and
bourbon whiskey in retaliation for U.S tariffs on Canadian steel
and aluminum. (https://tinyurl.com/y8w5g895)
    
    MEXICAN TARIFFS ON UNITED STATES
    - Mexico on June 5 imposed tariffs of up to 25 percent on
American steel, pork, cheese, apples, potatoes and bourbon, in
retaliation for U.S. tariffs on Mexican metals.  urn:newsml:reuters.com:*:nL2N1T70MP
    
    EUROPEAN UNION TARIFFS ON UNITED STATES
    - The European Union on June 22 imposed import duties of 25
percent on a $2.8 billion range of imports from the United
States in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on European steel and
aluminum. Targeted U.S. products include Harley-Davidson  HOG.N 
motorcycles, bourbon, peanuts, blue jeans, steel and aluminum.
    The list of these products can be found here (http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2018/may/tradoc_156909.pdf)
    
    INDIAN TARIFFS ON UNITED STATES
    - India, the world's biggest buyer of U.S. almonds, on June
21 raised import duties on the nuts by 20 percent and increased
tariffs on a range of other farm products and U.S. iron and
steel, in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on Indian steel.
 urn:newsml:reuters.com:*:nL4N1TN21V.
    
    U.S. TARIFFS ON TURKEY, TURKISH RETALIATION
    - The United States on Aug. 14 doubled its duty rate on
Turkish steel to 50 percent and Turkish aluminum to 20 percent,
citing national security concerns amid a deepening diplomatic
dispute over the detention of an American pastor. Turkey, which
already had imposed retaliatory tariffs on $1.8 billion worth of
U.S. autos, coal, paper, almonds, machinery and other products, 
responded by doubling its own tariff rate on many of these
goods.

 (Compiled by David Lawder; editing by Grant McCool)
 ((David.Lawder@tr.com; +1 202 354 5854; Reuters Messaging:
david.lawder.thomsonreuters.com@reuters.net))