India File: Homegrown companies are making bolder global bets

Tata Motors

05/05/2026 05:40

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By Ira Dugal

May 5 - Sun Pharmaceutical's mammoth all-cash bid for U.S. drugmaker Organon & Co last week is yet another instance of Indian companies making bolder bets overseas, backed by the strength of their balance sheets.

But history shows that returns from these cross‑border deals are not always assured. With global M&A now becoming a strategic necessity rather than just offering bragging rights, is that likely to change? Write to me with your views on Indian companies' growing global ambitions at ira.dugal@thomsonreuters.com.

And, two executives are in the running for the post of Air India CEO. Scroll down for more on that.

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NOT JUST AMBITION, BUT A STRATEGIC NEED

From pharmaceuticals to IT, Indian firms across sectors are looking overseas in search of newer markets, products and technologies for their next burst of growth.

Sun Pharma is buying Organon in a deal valued at about $11.75 billion including debt, ‌making it the largest overseas acquisition by an Indian pharma company.

It eclipsed another large overseas bet just months ago by IT firm Coforge to acquire artificial intelligence firm Encora for $2.35 billion, and Tata Motors' purchase of Italian commercial vehicle manufacturer Iveco for $4.45 billion in July 2025.

The first quarter of 2026 has seen 56 outbound transactions valued at $3.9 billion, according to data from advisory firm Grant Thornton Bharat LLP. In 2025, 162 such deals worth $18.2 billion were closed.

Proximity to customers, control over distribution and insulation from trade barriers are important drivers of outbound M&A, said Bhavesh Shah, managing director and head of investment banking at Mumbai-based investment bank Equirus Capital.

"What’s changed is the rise in capability-led acquisitions, whether it’s R&D, specialty products, or technology," Shah said. "So earlier it was about global ambition; today it’s more a strategic necessity to stay competitive and de-risk supply chains."

Sun Pharma, for instance, is acquiring a suite of products in women's health with the Organon purchase - a segment projected to have a $600 billion opportunity. Coforge entered the much-in-demand agentic AI space with its acquisition of U.S.-based Encora.

"Together, the two deals capture the full spectrum of India's outbound ambition: buying capability where it does not exist domestically and buying global scale where organic growth would take decades," said Sumeet Abrol, partner and national leader for deals at Grant Thornton Bharat.

GROWTH OF FINANCING OPTIONS

Corporate India's overseas ambitions have ebbed and flowed over the years, and some have left individual companies burdened with debt.

The buyout rush of the early 2000s - which saw Tata Steel acquire Anglo-Dutch group Corus for $12 billion, Tata Motors buy out iconic British brands Jaguar and Land Rover for $2.3 billion and Hindalco acquire Canada's Novelis for $6 billion - was one of the reasons that led to excess leverage on corporate balance sheets.

But after a decade-long clean-up, debt on most Indian corporate balance sheets is low. The median debt-to-EBITDA for rated Indian corporates was at 0.5 times as of March 2026, while interest coverage ratio was 5 times, according to rating agency CRISIL.

Recent deals don't immediately raise red flags, analysts said.

"Funding has been quite disciplined this cycle. It’s a good mix of internal accruals and moderate leverage," said Equirus' Shah.

Transactions such as Tata Motors' purchase of Iveco have also seen the increased use of guarantees to raise debt in overseas units. Tata Motors issued a $2.26 billion guarantee to back financing for the deal.

"The availability of debt financing on target balance sheets in overseas markets (LBOs) with no or limited recourse to acquiring balance sheets in India is also fueling some of this activity while keeping the Indian balance sheets deleveraged," said Grant Thornton's Abrol, adding that these financing options are increasingly available to even mid-market companies.

Abrol, however, said the deal struck by Sun Pharma is a transaction that needs to be "watched carefully" for balance sheet discipline.

"Post-transaction, the combined entity's net debt-to-EBITDA is projected at 2.3x — manageable, but a meaningful departure from Sun Pharma's historically net cash positive position," he said.

The company said it aims to bring down debt "soon", with analysts expecting a three-four year period for debt reduction.

MARKET MATTERS

Foreign investors have continued to offload Indian shares, selling a net $6.5 billion in April after dumping $12.7 billion in March. With no quick resolution to the war between U.S.-Israel and Iran, investors expect earnings growth in India to slow, making valuations unattractive. Read here.

The persistent outflows have pushed the rupee back down to record lows despite steps taken by the central bank to support the currency.

The Indian central bank is mulling steps to draw dollar flows, Reuters reported on Monday.

THIS WEEK'S MUST-READ

The Tata Group has zoomed in on two possible options for the post of Air India CEO, which fell vacant when Campbell Wilson resigned last month. Singapore Airlines executive Vinod Kannan and Air India's commercial head Nipun Aggarwal are the two frontrunners to become the new CEO of Air India, Reuters' Aditya Kalra and Abhijith Ganapavaram report.

Overseas direct investment by Indian firms https://www.reuters.com/graphics/INDIA-OVERSEAS%20INVESTMENT/gdvzaadybpw/chart.png

Foreign flight from Indian stocks tops 2025 record outflows in four months https://www.reuters.com/graphics/FPIO-APR262025ALR/APR262025ALR-FPIO/znpnmmzmovl/chart.png

(Reporting by Ira Dugal; Editing by Muralikumar Anantharaman)

((Ira.dugal@thomsonreuters.com))