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REG-Tate & Lyle PLC Final Results <Origin Href="QuoteRef">TATE.L</Origin> - Part 2

- Part 2: For the preceding part double click  ID:nBwbHCRQva 

                                                                                                       
 Sales                                                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                                     
 Operating profit                                                                                  4                      233               127      
 Finance income                                                                                    6                      2                 1        
 Finance expense                                                                                   6                      (34)              (30)     
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates                                                               32                28       
 Profit before tax                                                                                                        233               126      
 Income tax credit/(expense)                                                                       7                      22                (5)      
 Profit for the year - continuing operations                                                                              255               121      
 Profit for the year - discontinued operations                                                     8                      1                 42       
 Profit for the year - total operations                                                                                   256               163      
                                                                                                                                                     
 Profit for the year attributable to:                                                                                                                
 – owners of the Company                                                                                                  256               163      
 – non-controlling interests                                                                                              –                 –        
 Profit for the year                                                                                                      256               163      
                                                                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                     
 Earnings per share                                                                                                       Pence             Pence    
 Continuing operations:                                                                                                                              
 – basic                                                                                           9                      55.0p             26.1p    
 – diluted                                                                                         9                      54.2p             25.9p    
                                                                                                                                                     
 Total operations:                                                                                                                                   
 – basic                                                                                           9                      55.2p             35.1p    
 – diluted                                                                                         9                      54.4p             34.8p    
                                                                                                                                                     
 Analysis of adjusted profit for the year - continuing operations                                                         £m                £m       
 Profit before tax - continuing operations                                                                                233               126      
 Adjusted for:                                                                                                                                       
 Net charge for exceptional items                                                                  5                      19                50       
 Amortisation of acquired intangible assets                                                                               12                11       
 Net retirement benefit interest                                                                   6,13                   7                 6        
 Adjusted profit before tax - continuing operations                                                3                      271               193      
 Adjusted income tax expense - continuing operations                                               3,7                    (49)              (32)     
 Adjusted profit for the year - continuing operations                                              3                      222               161      
                                                                                                                                                     


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
                                                                                      Year ended 31 March        
                                                                           Notes      2017              2016     
                                                                                      
                 
        
                                                                                      £m                £m       
 Profit for the year                                                                  256               163      
                                                                                                                 
 Other comprehensive income/(expense)                                                                            
 Items that have been/may be reclassified to profit or loss:                                                     
 Fair value gain on cash flow hedges                                                  1                 –        
 Fair value loss on cash flow hedges transferred to the income                        4                 2        
      statement                                                                                                  
 Reclassified and reported in the income statement in respect of                      (1)               –        
      available-for-sale financial assets                                                                        
 Gain on currency translation of foreign operations                                   185               60       
 Fair value loss on net investment hedges                                             (69)              (18)     
 Share of other comprehensive income/(expense) of joint ventures and       12         7                 (12)     
      associates                                                                                                 
 Amounts transferred to the income statement upon disposal of              16         (1)               –        
      subsidiary                                                                                                 
 Amounts transferred to the income statement upon disposal of joint        16         –                 34       
      ventures                                                                                                   
 Tax effect of the above items                                                        –                 –        
                                                                                      126               66       
                                                                                                                 
 Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:                                                          
 Re-measurement of retirement benefit plans                                                                      
 – actual return higher/(lower) than interest on plan assets               13         179               (52)     
 – net actuarial (loss)/gain on net retirement benefit obligation          13         (106)             45       
 Tax effect of the above items                                                        (30)              2        
                                                                                      43                (5)      
 Total other comprehensive income                                                     169               61       
 Total comprehensive income                                                           425               224      
                                                                                                                 
 Analysed by:                                                                                                    
 – continuing operations                                                              425               156      
 – discontinued operations                                                            –                 68       
 Total comprehensive income                                                           425               224      
                                                                                                                 
 Attributable to:                                                                                                
 – owners of the Company                                                              425               224      
 – non-controlling interests                                                          –                 –        
 Total comprehensive income                                                           425               224      
                                                                                                                 


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
                                                                      At 31 March                   
                                                       Notes          2017              2016        
                                                                      
                 
           
                                                                      £m                £m          
 ASSETS                                                                                             
 Non-current assets                                                                                 
 Goodwill and other intangible assets                                 401               390         
 Property, plant and equipment                                        1 061             926         
 Investments in joint ventures                         12             92                82          
 Investments in associates                                            4                 3           
 Available-for-sale financial assets                                  30                19          
 Derivative financial instruments                                     15                21          
 Deferred tax assets                                                  22                3           
 Trade and other receivables                                          1                 1           
 Retirement benefit surplus                            13             120               45          
                                                                      1 746             1 490       
 Current assets                                                                                     
 Inventories                                                          441               389         
 Trade and other receivables                                          291               301         
 Current tax assets                                                   1                 3           
 Available-for-sale financial assets                                  –                 4           
 Derivative financial instruments                                     31                43          
 Cash and cash equivalents                             11             261               317         
 Assets classified as held for sale                    8              –                 7           
                                                                      1 025             1 064       
 TOTAL ASSETS                                                         2 771             2 554       
                                                                                                    
 EQUITY                                                                                             
 Capital and reserves                                                                               
 Share capital                                                        117               117         
 Share premium                                                        406               406         
 Capital redemption reserve                                           8                 8           
 Other reserves                                                       253               127         
 Retained earnings                                                    548               370         
 Equity attributable to owners of the Company                         1 332             1 028       
 Non-controlling interests                                            –                 1           
 TOTAL EQUITY                                                         1 332             1 029       
                                                                                                    
 LIABILITIES                                                                                        
 Non-current liabilities                                                                            
 Trade and other payables                                             10                13          
 Borrowings                                            11             604               556         
 Derivative financial instruments                                     37                19          
 Deferred tax liabilities                                             25                21          
 Retirement benefit deficit                            13             259               253         
 Provisions for other liabilities and charges                         17                13          
                                                                      952               875         
 Current liabilities                                                                                
 Trade and other payables                                             315               337         
 Current tax liabilities                                              57                66          
 Borrowings and bank overdrafts                        11             88                200         
 Derivative financial instruments                                     17                22          
 Provisions for other liabilities and charges                         10                23          
 Liabilities classified as held for sale               8              –                 2           
                                                                      487               650         
 TOTAL LIABILITIES                                                    1 439             1 525       
 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES                                         2 771             2 554       
                                                                                                    


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
                                                                            Year ended 31 March        
                                                                 Notes      2017              2016     
                                                                            
                 
        
                                                                            £m                £m       
 Cash flows from operating activities                                                                  
 Profit before tax from continuing operations                               233               126      
 Adjustments for:                                                                                      
 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment                              109               80       
 Amortisation of intangible assets                                          40                35       
 Share-based payments                                                       21                9        
 Exceptional items                                               5          (5)               17       
 Finance income                                                  6          (2)               (1)      
 Finance expense                                                 6          34                30       
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates                 (32)              (28)     
 Changes in working capital and other non-cash movements                    4                 24       
 Net retirement benefit obligations                                         (36)              (38)     
 Cash generated from continuing operations                                  366               254      
 Interest paid                                                              (30)              (21)     
 Net income tax paid                                                        (35)              (16)     
 Cash used in discontinued operations                            8          (3)               (29)     
 Net cash generated from operating activities                               298               188      
                                                                                                       
 Cash flows from investing activities                                                                  
 Purchase of property, plant and equipment                                  (127)             (179)    
 Purchase of intangible assets                                              (26)              (19)     
 Disposal of property, plant and equipment                                  2                 –        
 Cash adjustment in respect of previous acquisitions                        3                 –        
 Disposal of businesses, net of cash disposed                               3                 –        
 Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired                 16         –                 (54)     
 Disposal of joint ventures                                      16         –                 240      
 Purchase of available-for-sale financial assets                            (4)               (4)      
 Disposal of available-for-sale financial assets                            4                 18       
 Interest received                                                          2                 1        
 Dividends received from joint ventures and associates                      29                83       
 Net cash (used in)/from investing activities                               (114)             86       
                                                                                                       
 Cash flows from financing activities                                                                  
 Purchase of own shares to trust or treasury                                (18)              (7)      
 Cash inflow from additional borrowings                                     66                261      
 Cash outflow from repayment of borrowings                                  (189)             (286)    
 Repayment of capital element of finance leases                             (1)               (4)      
 Dividends paid to the owners of the Company                     10         (130)             (130)    
 Net cash used in financing activities                                      (272)             (166)    
                                                                                                       
 Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents            11         (88)              108      
                                                                                                       
 Cash and cash equivalents:                                                                            
 Balance at beginning of year                                               317               195      
 Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents                       (88)              108      
 Currency translation differences                                           32                14       
 Balance at end of year                                          11         261               317      


A reconciliation of the movement in cash and cash equivalents to the movement
in net debt is presented in Note 11.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
                                                  Share             Capital                                        Attributable         Non-                           
                                                  
                 
                
              
              
                    
                 
            
                                                  capital and       redemption       Other          Retained       to the owners        controlling       Total        
                                                  
                 
                
              
              
                    
                 
            
                                                  share             reserve          reserves       earnings       of the Company       interests         equity       
                                                  
                                                                                     
                              
                                                  premium                                                                               (NCI)                          
                                                  £m                £m               £m             £m             £m                   £m                £m           
 At 1 April 2015                                  523               8                61             343            935                  1                 936          
 Year ended 31 March 2016:                                                                                                                                             
 Profit for the year - total operations           –                 –                –              163            163                  –                 163          
 Other comprehensive income/(expense)             –                 –                66             (5)            61                   –                 61           
 Total comprehensive income                       –                 –                66             158            224                  –                 224          
 Share-based payments, net of tax                 –                 –                –              6              6                    –                 6            
 Purchase of own shares to trust or treasury      –                 –                –              (7)            (7)                  –                 (7)          
 Dividends paid (Note 10)                         –                 –                –              (130)          (130)                –                 (130)        
 At 31 March 2016                                 523               8                127            370            1 028                1                 1 029        
 Year ended 31 March 2017:                                                                                                                                             
 Profit for the year - total operations           –                 –                –              256            256                  –                 256          
 Other comprehensive income                       –                 –                126            43             169                  –                 169          
 Total comprehensive income                       –                 –                126            299            425                  –                 425          
 Share-based payments, net of tax                 –                 –                –              24             24                   –                 24           
 Purchase of own shares to trust or treasury      –                 –                –              (18)           (18)                 –                 (18)         
 Derecognition of put option on NCI               –                 –                –              3              3                    –                 3            
 Movement on NCI                                  –                 –                –              –              –                    (1)               (1)          
 Dividends paid (Note 10)                         –                 –                –              (130)          (130)                –                 (130)        
 At 31 March 2017                                 523               8                253            548            1 332                –                 1 332        
                                                                                                                                                                       


TATE & LYLE PLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2017

1. Background

The financial information on pages 16 to 44 is extracted from the Group’s
consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2017, which were
approved by the Board of Directors on 24 May 2017.

The financial information does not constitute statutory accounts within the
meaning of sections 434(3) and 435(3) of the Companies Act 2006 or contain
sufficient information to comply with the disclosure requirements of
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and related interpretations
as adopted for use in the European Union.

The Company’s auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, have given an
unqualified report on the consolidated financial statements for the year ended
31 March 2017. The auditors’ report did not include reference to any matters
to which the auditors drew attention without qualifying their report and did
not contain any statement under section 498 of the Companies Act 2006. The
consolidated financial statements will be filed with the Registrar of
Companies, subject to their approval by the Company’s shareholders on 27
July 2017 at the Company’s Annual General Meeting.

2. Basis of preparation

Basis of accounting

The Group’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 March
2017 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) and related interpretations as adopted for use in the
European Union and those parts of the Companies Act 2006 that are applicable
to companies reporting under IFRS.

The Directors are satisfied that the Group has adequate resources to continue
to operate for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of approval
of the financial statements and that there are no material uncertainties
around their assessment. Accordingly, the Directors continue to adopt the
going concern basis of accounting.

The Group’s principal accounting policies will be set out in Notes 2 and 3
of the Group’s 2017 Annual Report.

Changes in accounting policy and disclosures

In the current year, the Group has adopted, with effect from 1 April 2016, new
or revised accounting standards as set out below:

-   IFRS 11 Joint arrangements (Amendments)

-   IAS 16 Property, plant and equipment (Amendments)

-   IAS 38 Intangible assets (Amendments)

-   IAS 27 Separate financial statements (Amendments)

-   IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements (Amendments)

-   Annual Improvements to IFRS – 2012-14 cycles

The adoption of these amendments has had no material effect on the Group’s
financial statements.

The following new standards have been issued and are relevant to the Group,
but were not effective for the financial year beginning 1 April 2016, and have
not been adopted early:

-   IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective for the
year ending 31 March 2019) The Group has undertaken a review of its commercial
arrangements across all significant revenue streams and geographies including
assessing the timing of revenue recognition as well as focusing on the
accounting for principal and agency relationships, consignment stocks and
discounts provided. As a result of the review, the Group has concluded that
the adoption of IFRS 15 is not expected to have a material impact on reported
revenue or revenue growth rates, and will continue to review its contracts and
transactions with customers to ensure compliance with IFRS 15 on adoption.

-   IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments (effective for the year ending 31
March 2019) The Group has undertaken a review of the key areas of IFRS 9
focused principally on classification and measurement of financial assets and
liabilities, impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting. The Group
has concluded that the adoption of IFRS 9 will not have a material impact on
its consolidated results or financial position, and will continue to review
its activities in these areas to ensure compliance with IFRS 9 upon adoption.

-   IFRS 16 – Leases (effective for the year ending 31 March 2020) The
standard eliminates the classification of leases as either operating or
finance leases and introduces a single accounting model, and will require the
Group to recognise substantially all of its current operating lease
commitments on the statement of financial position. The financial impact of
this, together with any other implications of the standard, will be assessed
during the 2018 financial year.

There are no other new standards, new interpretations or amendments to
standards or interpretations that have been published that are expected to
have a significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.

Seasonality

The Group's principal exposure to seasonality is in relation to working
capital. The Group's inventories are subject to seasonal fluctuations
reflecting crop harvesting and purchases. Inventory levels typically increase
progressively from September to November and gradually reduce in the first six
months of the calendar year.

Changes in constant currency

Where changes in constant currency are presented in this statement, they are
calculated by retranslating current year results at prior year exchange rates.
This represents a change to the methodology applied in previous years, which
involved retranslating prior year results at current year exchange rates. This
change, which has not had a material impact, has been made to align with how
the majority of external stakeholders view constant currency performance
comparisons. Reconciliations of the movement in constant currency have been
included in the additional information within this document.

Use of alternative performance measures

The Group also presents alternative performance measures, including adjusted
operating profit, adjusted profit before tax, adjusted earnings per share,
adjusted operating cash flow and adjusted free cash flow, which are used for
internal performance analysis and incentive compensation arrangements for
employees.

These measures are presented because they provide investors with valuable
additional information about the performance of the business. For the years
presented, adjusted performance measures exclude, where relevant:

      
 * Exceptional items (excluded as they relate to events which are unlikely to
recur, are outside the normal course of business and therefore merit separate
disclosure in order to provide a better understanding of the Group's
underlying financial performance);
      
 * Amortisation of acquired intangible assets (costs associated with amounts
recognised through acquisition accounting that impact earnings compared to
organic investments);
      
 * Net retirement benefit interest (accounting charges or credits which are not
linked to the underlying performance of the business. The amounts excluded
reflect the net interest cost of post-retirement benefit plans substantially
closed to future accrual); and
      
 * Tax on the above items and tax items that themselves meet these definitions.
    
Alternative performance measures reported by the Group are not defined terms
under IFRS and may therefore not be comparable with similarly-titled measures
reported by other companies. Reconciliations of the alternative performance
measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures are presented in Note
3.

Exceptional items

Exceptional items comprise items of income and expense, including tax items
that are material in amount, relate to events which are unlikely to recur, are
outside the normal course of business and therefore merit separate disclosure
in order to provide a better understanding of the Group's underlying financial
performance. Examples of events that give rise to the disclosure of material
items of income and expense as exceptional items include, but are not limited
to: impairment events; significant business transformation activities;
disposals of operations or significant individual assets; litigation claims by
or against the Group; and restructuring of components of the Group’s
operations.

All material amounts relating to exceptional items in the Group’s financial
statements are classified on a consistent basis across accounting periods.

Discontinued operations

An operation is classified as discontinued if it is a component of the Group
that: (i) has been disposed of, or meets the criteria to be classified as held
for sale; and (ii) represents a separate major line of business or geographic
area of operations or will be disposed of as part of a single co-ordinated
plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area of
operations. The results, assets and liabilities and cash flows of discontinued
operations are presented separately from those of continuing operations.
Discontinued operations comprised the following activities:

- Eaststarch / Morocco

On 31 October 2015, the Group completed the re-alignment of its Eaststarch
joint venture leading to the disposal of the majority of the Group’s
European Bulk Ingredients business. In a related agreement, the Group also
agreed to sell its corn wet mill in Casablanca, Morocco to Archer Daniels
Midland Inc. (ADM) and completed this disposal on 1 June 2016.

- Sugars and European Starch Pensions settlements

The Group announced on 29 September 2015, that the Commercial Court in London
had handed down a decision in a case brought by American Sugar Refining, Inc.
(ASR) in which it made a number of claims in relation to its acquisition of
the Group’s European Sugars business in 2010. The European Sugars business
formed part of the Group’s discontinued Sugars segment, and accordingly the
costs associated with those claims were recognised within discontinued
operations.

During the year ended 31 March 2016, the Group also made a settlement payment
of £2 million to transfer all remaining obligations under a legacy pension
scheme related to the Group’s discontinued European Wheat Starch business,
which was disposed of in the 2008 financial year.

3. Reconciliation of alternative performance measures

For the reasons set out in Note 2, the Group presents alternative performance
measures including adjusted operating profit, adjusted profit before tax and
adjusted earnings per share.

For the years presented, these alternative performance measures exclude, where
relevant: – exceptional items; – the amortisation of acquired intangible
assets; – net retirement benefit interest; and – tax on the above items
and tax items that themselves meet these definitions.

The following table shows the reconciliation of the key alternative
performance measures to the most directly comparable measures reported in
accordance with IFRS:
                                                                 Year ended 31 March 2017                           Year ended 31 March 2016                         
 £m unless otherwise stated                                      IFRS              Adjusting         Adjusted       IFRS              Adjusting         Adjusted     
 
                                                               
                 
                 
              
                 
                 
            
 Continuing operations                                           Reported          items             Reported       Reported          items             Reported     
 Sales                                                           2 753             –                 2 753          2 355             –                 2 355        
 Operating profit                                                233               31                264            127               61                188          
 Net finance expense                                             (32)              7                 (25)           (29)              6                 (23)         
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates      32                –                 32             28                –                 28           
 Profit before tax                                               233               38                271            126               67                193          
 Income tax credit/(expense)                                     22                (71)              (49)           (5)               (27)              (32)         
 Non-controlling interests                                       –                 –                 –              –                 –                 –            
 Profit attributable to owners of the Company                    255               (33)              222            121               40                161          
 Basic earnings per share                                        55.0p             (7.2p)            47.8p          26.1p             8.6p              34.7p        
 Diluted earnings per share                                      54.2p             (7.1p)            47.1p          25.9p             8.6p              34.5p        
 Effective tax rate                                              (9.6%)                              18.2%          4.0%                                16.5%        


The following table shows the reconciliation of the adjusting items in the
current and comparative year:
                                                                                    Year ended 31 March        
 Continuing operations                                                   Notes      2017              2016     
                                                                                    
                 
        
                                                                                    £m                £m       
 Exceptional items in operating profit                                   5          19                50       
 Amortisation of acquired intangible assets                                         12                11       
 Total excluded from adjusted operating profit                                      31                61       
 Net retirement benefit interest                                         6          7                 6        
 Total excluded from adjusted profit before tax                                     38                67       
 Tax on adjusting items                                                  7          (6)               (27)     
 Exceptional deferred tax credits                                        5, 7       (65)              –        
 Total excluded from adjusted profit attributable to owners of the                  (33)              40       
      Company                                                                                                  


The Group also presents two alternative cash flow measures which are defined
as follows:

(a) Adjusted free cash flow represents cash generated from continuing
operations excluding the impact of exceptional items, less net interest paid,
less income tax paid, less capital expenditure.

(b) Adjusted operating cash flow is defined as adjusted free cash flow from
continuing operations, adding back net interest paid, tax paid and retirement
cash contributions, and excluding derivative and margin call movements within
working capital.

The following table shows the reconciliation of these alternative cash flow
performance measures:
                                                                     Year ended 31 March          
                                                                     2017              2016*      
                                                                     £m                £m         
 Adjusted operating profit from continuing operations                264               188        
 Adjusted for:                                                                                    
 Depreciation and adjusted amortisation                              137               104        
 Share-based payments charge                                         21                9          
 Changes in working capital and other non-cash movements             4                 24         
 Net retirement benefit obligations                                  (36)              (38)       
 Capital expenditure                                                 (153)             (198)      
 Net interest and tax paid                                           (63)              (36)       
 Adjusted free cash flow                                             174               53         
 Add back: net interest and tax paid                                 63                36         
 Add back: net retirement cash contributions                         42                40         
 Less: derivatives and margin call movements within changes in       (6)               (5)        
      working capital                                                                             
 Adjusted operating cash flow                                        273               124        


* Restated to reflect exclusion of operating post-retirement benefit costs.

The Group presents certain financial measures as defined in its external
financial covenants as well as return on capital employed (ROCE) metrics as
Key Performance Indicators. Net debt to EBITDA and interest cover are defined
under the Group’s financial covenants and reported on a proportionate
consolidation basis. For financial covenant purposes these ratios are
calculated based on the accounting standards that applied for the 2014
financial year, with new accounting standards adopted by the Group subsequent
to 1 April 2014 disregarded. Net debt is calculated using average currency
exchange rates. Average invested operating capital represents the average at
the beginning and end of the period of shareholders’ equity excluding net
debt, net tax assets/liabilities, investment in joint ventures and associates
and net retirement benefit obligations. All ratios are calculated based on
unrounded figures in £ million. The following table presents the calculation
of these alternative measures:
                                                                                          31 March                  
                                                                                          2017        2016          
                                                                                          £m          £m            
 Calculation of Net debt to EBITDA ratio – on a financial covenant                                                  
      basis                                                                                                         
 Net debt (see Note 11)                                                                   452         434           
 Further adjustments set out in financial covenants:                                                                
 to reflect use of average exchange rates in translating net debt                         (13)        (11)          
 Net debt – on a financial covenant basis                                                 439         423           
                                                                                                                    
 Adjusted operating profit                                                                264         188           
 Further adjustments set out in financial covenants:                                                                
 to reflect proportionate consolidation                                                   48          44            
 to exclude charges for share-based payments                                              21          9             
 to add back depreciation and adjusted amortisation                                       137         104           
 Pre-exceptional EBITDA                                                                   470         345           
 Net debt to EBITDA ratio (times)                                                         0.9         1.2           
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                                    
 Calculation of interest cover ratio – on a financial covenant                                                      
      basis                                                                                                         
 Adjusted operating profit                                                                264         188           
 Further adjustments set out in financial covenants:                                                                
 to reflect proportionate consolidation                                                   43          38            
 to exclude charges for share-based payments                                              21          9             
 Operating profit before exceptional items and amortisation of intangible                 328         235           
 assets – on a financial                                                                                            
 
                                                                                                                  
 covenant basis                                                                                                     
                                                                                                                    
 Adjusted net finance expense                                                             25          23            
 Further adjustments set out in financial covenants:                                                                
 to reflect proportionate consolidation                                                   –           –             
 Other                                                                                    (1)         (1)           
 Net finance expense – on a financial covenant basis                                      24          22            
 Interest cover ratio (times)                                                             13.9        10.7          
                                                                                                                    
                                                                                                      31 March      
                                                                               2017       2016        2015          
                                                                               £m         £m          £m            
 Calculation of return on capital employed                                                                          
 Adjusted operating profit                                                     264        188                       
 Add back amortisation on acquired intangible assets                           (12)       (11)                      
 Profit before interest, tax and exceptional items from continuing             252        177                       
      operations for ROCE                                                                                           
                                                                                                                    
 Goodwill and other intangible assets                                          401        390         340           
 Property, plant and equipment                                                 1 061      926         750           
 Working capital, provisions and non-debt derivatives                          394        323         339           
 Other                                                                         –          29          31            
 Invested operating capital of continuing operations                           1 856      1 668       1 460         
 Average invested operating capital                                            1 762      1 564                     
 Return on capital employed (ROCE) %                                           14.3       11.3                      


4. Segment information

Segment information is presented on a basis consistent with the information
presented to the Board (the designated Chief Operating Decision Maker) for the
purposes of allocating resources within the Group and assessing the
performance of the Group’s businesses. Continuing operations comprise two
operating segments: Speciality Food Ingredients and Bulk Ingredients. Central,
which comprises central costs including head office, treasury and re-insurance
activities, does not meet the definition of an operating segment under IFRS 8
‘Operating Segments’ but no sub-total is shown for the Group’s two
operating segments in the tables below so as to be consistent with the
presentation of segment information presented to the Board. Both segments are
served by a single manufacturing network, and receive services from a number
of global support functions. The segmental allocation of costs is performed
using standard product costs to allocate all direct costs (including
plant-based depreciation) and allocation keys for all indirect costs
(including share-based payments and amortisation) which reflect the value of
service provided to each operating unit, consistently applied over time.

The Board uses adjusted operating profit as the measure of the profitability
of the Group’s businesses. Adjusted operating profit is, therefore, the
measure of segment profit presented in the Group’s segment disclosures.
Adjusted operating profit represents operating profit before specific items
that are considered to hinder comparison of the trading performance of the
Group’s businesses year-on-year. During the years presented, the items
excluded from operating profit in arriving at adjusted operating profit were
the amortisation of acquired intangible assets and exceptional items. The
segmental classification of exceptional items is detailed in Note 5.

An analysis of total assets and total liabilities by operating segment is not
presented to the Board but it does receive segmental analysis of net working
capital (inventories, trade and other receivables, less trade and other
payables). Accordingly, the amounts presented for segment assets and segment
liabilities in the tables below represent those assets and liabilities that
comprise elements of net working capital. The segmental split of working
capital allocates raw material and co-product inventories, and associated
payables, based on the segmental split of primary capacity. Other payables,
work in progress and finished goods inventories and receivables are allocated
based on the products to which they relate. The segment results were as
follows:

(a) Segment sales and results
                                                                            Year ended 31 March          
 Sales                                                           Notes      2017              2016       
                                                                            
                 
          
                                                                            £m                £m         
 Speciality Food Ingredients                                                996               897        
 Bulk Ingredients                                                           1 757             1 458      
 Sales – continuing operations                                              2 753             2 355      
 Sales – discontinued operations                                 8          3                 13         
 Sales – total operations                                                   2 756             2 368      
 Adjusted operating profit – continuing operations                                                       
 Speciality Food Ingredients                                                181               150        
 Bulk Ingredients                                                           129               84         
 Central                                                                    (46)              (46)       
 Adjusted operating profit – continuing operations                          264               188        
 Adjusting items:                                                                                        
 – exceptional items                                             5          (19)              (50)       
 – amortisation of acquired intangible assets                               (12)              (11)       
 Operating profit – continuing operations                                   233               127        
 Finance income                                                  6          2                 1          
 Finance expense                                                 6          (34)              (30)       
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates                 32                28         
 Profit before tax – continuing operations                                  233               126        
 Profit before tax – discontinued operations                     8          1                 47         
 Profit before tax – total operations                                       234               173        

                                          Year ended 31 March        
                                          2017              2016     
                                          
                 
        
                                          %                 %        
 Adjusted operating margin                                           
 Speciality Food Ingredients              18.2%             16.7%    
 Bulk Ingredients                         7.3%              5.8%     
 Central                                  n/a               n/a      
 Total – continuing operations            9.6%              8.0%     


(b) Segment assets/(liabilities)
                                                                At 31 March 2017                               
                                                                Assets         Liabilities         Net         
                                                                
              
                   
           
                                                                £m             £m                  £m          
 Net working capital                                                                                           
 Speciality Food Ingredients                                    371            (129)               242         
 Bulk Ingredients                                               349            (146)               203         
 Central                                                        13             (50)                (37)        
 Group working capital – continuing and total operations        733            (325)               408         
 Other assets/(liabilities)                                     2 038          (1 114)             924         
 Group assets/(liabilities)                                     2 771          (1 439)             1 332       
                                                                                                               
                                                                At 31 March 2016                               
                                                                Assets         Liabilities         Net         
                                                                
              
                   
           
                                                                £m             £m                  £m          
 Net working capital                

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