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REG-Tate & Lyle PLC Half-year Report <Origin Href="QuoteRef">TATE.L</Origin> - Part 2

- Part 2: For the preceding part double click  ID:nBw4dJ7sHa 

Profit for the period – continuing operations                                                                         124                129                255        
 Profit for the period – discontinued operations                                             6                         –                  1                  1          
 Profit for the period – total operations                                                                              124                130                256        
                                                                                                                                                                        
 Profit for the period from total operations is entirely attributable to owners                                                                                         
 of the Company.                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                        
 Earnings per share                                                                                                    Pence              Pence              Pence      
 Continuing operations                                                                       7                                                                          
 – basic                                                                                                               26.8p              27.7p              55.0p      
 – diluted                                                                                                             26.5p              27.4p              54.2p      
                                                                                                                                                                        
 Total operations:                                                                           7                                                                          
 – basic                                                                                                               26.8p              28.0p              55.2p      
 – diluted                                                                                                             26.5p              27.7p              54.4p      
                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                        
 Analysis of adjusted profit for the period – continuing operations                                                    £m                 £m                 £m         
 Profit before tax – continuing operations                                                                             161                128                233        
 Adjusted for:                                                                                                                                                          
 Net charge for exceptional items                                                            4                         –                  3                  19         
 Amortisation of acquired intangible assets                                                                            5                  6                  12         
 Net retirement benefit interest                                                             13                        3                  3                  7          
 Adjusted profit before tax – continuing operations                                          2                         169                140                271        
 Adjusted income tax expense – continuing operations                                         2, 5                      (40)               (26)               (49)       
 Adjusted profit for the period – continuing operations                                      2                         129                114                222        


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
                                                                                                                                                                                                
                                                                                                       
                         
                   
                   
                      
                                                                                                                                 Six months to       Six months to       Year to                
                                                                                                       
                         
                   
                   
                      
                                                                                                                                 30 September        30 September        31 March               
                                                                                                       
                         
                   
                   
                      
                                                                                                       Notes                     2017                2016                2017                   
                                                                                                                                 
                   
                   
                      
                                                                                                                                 £m                  £m                  £m                     
 Profit for the period                                                                                                           124                 130                             256        
                                                                                                                                                                                                
 Other comprehensive income/(expense)                                                                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                                                                                
 Items that have been/may be reclassified to profit or loss:                                                                                                                                    
 Fair value gain on cash flow hedges                                                                                             –                   1                               1          
 Fair value (gain)/loss on cash flow hedges transferred to the income statement                                                  (2)                 4                               4          
 Reclassified and reported in the income statement in respect of                                                                 –                   –                               (1)        
      available-for-sale financial assets                                                                                                                                                       
 Fair value gain on available-for-sale financial assets                                                                          1                   –                               –          
 (Loss)/gain on currency translation of foreign operations                                                                       (65)                147                             185        
 Fair value gain/(loss) on net investment hedges                                                                                 22                  (54)                            (69)       
 Share of other comprehensive (expense)/income of joint ventures and                                                             (7)                 4                               7          
      associates                                                                                                                                                                                
 Amounts transferred to the income statement upon disposal of                                                                    –                   (1)                             (1)        
      subsidiary                                                                                                                                                                                
 Tax effect of the above items                                                                                                   (1)                 (2)                             –          
                                                                                                                                 (52)                99                              126        
                                                                                                                                                                                                
 Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:                                                                                                                                         
 Re-measurement of retirement benefit plans:                                                                                                                                                    
 – actual return (lower)/higher than interest on plan assets                                           13                        (14)                219                             179        
 – net actuarial gain/(loss) on net retirement benefit obligations                                     13                        1                   (279)                           (106)      
 Tax effect of the above items                                                                                                   1                   3                               (30)       
                                                                                                                                 (12)                (57)                            43         
 Total other comprehensive (expense)/income                                                                                      (64)                42                              169        
 Total comprehensive income                                                                                                      60                  172                             425        
                                                                                                                                                                                                
 Analysed by:                                                                                                                                                                                   
 – continuing operations                                                                                                         60                  172                             425        
 – discontinued operations                                                                                                       –                   –                               –          
 Total comprehensive income                                                                                                      60                  172                             425        


Total comprehensive income is entirely attributable to owners of the Company.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)
                                                                               At                 At                 At             
                                                                   
           
                  
                  
              
                                                                   Notes       30 September       30 September       31 March       
                                                                               
                  
                  
              
                                                                               2017               2016               2017           
                                                                               
                  
                  
              
                                                                               £m                 £m                 £m             
 ASSETS                                                                                                                             
 Non-current assets                                                                                                                 
 Goodwill and other intangible assets                                          381                415                401            
 Property, plant and equipment                                                 1 001              1 033              1 061          
 Investments in joint ventures                                                 73                 83                 92             
 Investments in associates                                                     –                  4                  4              
 Available-for-sale financial assets                                           35                 24                 30             
 Derivative financial instruments                                              10                 18                 15             
 Deferred tax assets                                                           13                 29                 22             
 Trade and other receivables                                                   1                  –                  1              
 Retirement benefit surpluses                                      13          123                8                  120            
                                                                               1 637              1 614              1 746          
 Current assets                                                                                                                     
 Inventories                                                                   380                365                441            
 Trade and other receivables                                                   317                302                291            
 Current tax assets                                                            1                  2                  1              
 Available-for-sale financial assets                                           1                  4                  –              
 Derivative financial instruments                                              35                 58                 31             
 Cash and cash equivalents                                         9           242                289                261            
 Assets classified as held for sale                                15          4                  –                  –              
                                                                               980                1 020              1 025          
 TOTAL ASSETS                                                                  2 617              2 634              2 771          
                                                                                                                                    
 EQUITY                                                                                                                             
 Capital and reserves                                                                                                               
 Share capital                                                                 117                117                117            
 Share premium                                                                 406                406                406            
 Capital redemption reserve                                                    8                  8                  8              
 Other reserves                                                                201                226                253            
 Retained earnings                                                             562                362                548            
 EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE COMPANY –TOTAL EQUITY                    1 294              1 119              1 332          
                                                                                                                                    
 LIABILITIES                                                                                                                        
 Non-current liabilities                                                                                                            
 Trade and other payables                                                      10                 11                 10             
 Borrowings                                                        9           574                594                604            
 Derivative financial instruments                                              27                 32                 37             
 Deferred tax liabilities                                                      30                 33                 25             
 Retirement benefit deficits                                       13          242                280                259            
 Provisions for other liabilities and charges                                  16                 15                 17             
                                                                               899                965                952            
 Current liabilities                                                                                                                
 Trade and other payables                                                      316                323                315            
 Current tax liabilities                                                       55                 66                 57             
 Borrowings and bank overdrafts                                    9           28                 105                88             
 Derivative financial instruments                                              17                 30                 17             
 Provisions for other liabilities and charges                                  8                  26                 10             
                                                                               424                550                487            
 TOTAL LIABILITIES                                                             1 323              1 515              1 439          
 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES                                                  2 617              2 634              2 771          


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
                                                                                            Six months to      Six months to      Year to        
                                                        
                                   
                  
                  
              
                                                                                            30 September       30 September       31 March       
                                                        
                                   
                  
                  
              
                                                        Notes                               2017               2016               2017           
                                                                                            
                  
                  
              
                                                                                            £m                 £m                 £m             
 Cash flows from operating activities                                                                                                            
 Profit before tax from continuing operations                                               161                128                233            
 Adjustments for:                                                                                                                                
 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment                                              56                 50                 109            
 Amortisation of intangible assets                                                          20                 19                 40             
 Share-based payments                                                                       8                  8                  21             
 Exceptional items                                      4                                   (2)                (10)               (5)            
 Finance income                                                                             (1)                (1)                (2)            
 Finance expense                                                                            18                 16                 34             
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates                                 (13)               (19)               (32)           
 Changes in working capital and other non-cash movements                                    16                 62                 4              
 Net retirement benefit obligations                                                         (20)               (20)               (36)           
 Cash generated from continuing operations                                                  243                233                366            
 Interest paid                                                                              (12)               (15)               (30)           
 Net income tax paid                                                                        (22)               (17)               (35)           
 Cash used in discontinued operations                                                       –                  (2)                (3)            
 Net cash generated from operating activities                                               209                199                298            
                                                                                                                                                 
 Cash flows from investing activities                                                                                                            
 Purchase of property, plant and equipment                                                  (51)               (69)               (127)          
 Purchase of intangible assets                                                              (10)               (8)                (26)           
 Disposal of property, plant and equipment                                                  –                  2                  2              
 Cash adjustment in respect of previous acquisitions                                        –                  3                  3              
 Disposal of businesses, net of cash disposed                                               –                  3                  3              
 Purchase of available-for-sale financial assets                                            (7)                (3)                (4)            
 Disposal of available-for-sale financial assets                                            1                  1                  4              
 Interest received                                                                          1                  1                  2              
 Dividends received from joint ventures and associates                                      25                 22                 29             
 Net cash used in investing activities                                                      (41)               (48)               (114)          
                                                                                                                                                 
 Cash flows from financing activities                                                                                                            
 Purchase of own shares to trust or treasury                                                (14)               –                  (18)           
 Cash inflow from additional borrowings                                                     2                  73                 66             
 Cash outflow from repayment of borrowings                                                  (69)               (182)              (189)          
 Repayment of capital element of finance leases                                             –                  –                  (1)            
 Dividends paid to the owners of the Company            8                                   (92)               (92)               (130)          
 Net cash used in financing activities                                                      (173)              (201)              (272)          
                                                                                                                                                 
 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents              9                                   (5)                (50)               (88)           
                                                                                                                                                 
 Cash and cash equivalents                                                                                                                       
 Balance at beginning of period                                                             261                317                317            
 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents                                                  (5)                (50)               (88)           
 Currency translation differences                                                           (14)               22                 32             
 Balance at end of period                               9                                   242                289                261            


A reconciliation of the movement in cash and cash equivalents to the movement
in net debt is presented in Note 9.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
                                                                                                                          Attributable                                              
                                                  
                 
                       
              
              
                   
                     
               
                                                  Share             Capital                                               to the owners       Non-controlling       Totalequity     
                                                  
                 
                       
              
              
                   
                     
               
                                                  capital and       redemptionreserve       Other          Retained       of the              Interests             £m              
                                                  
                 
                       
              
              
                   
                                     
                                                  share             £m                      reserves       earnings       Company             (NCI)                                 
                                                  
                                         
              
              
                   
                                     
                                                  premium                                   £m             £m             £m                  £m                                    
                                                  
                                                                                                                                 
                                                  £m                                                                                                                                
 At 1 April 2017                                  523               8                       253            548            1 332               –                     1 332           
 Six months to 30 September 2017:                                                                                                                                                   
 Profit for the period – total operations         –                 –                       –              124            124                 –                     124             
 Other comprehensive expense                      –                 –                       (52)           (12)           (64)                –                     (64)            
 Total comprehensive (expense)/income             –                 –                       (52)           112            60                  –                     60              
 Share-based payments, net of tax                 –                 –                       –              8              8                   –                     8               
 Purchase of own shares to trust or treasury      –                 –                       –              (14)           (14)                –                     (14)            
 Dividends paid (Note 8)                          –                 –                       –              (92)           (92)                –                     (92)            
 At 30 September 2017                             523               8                       201            562            1 294               –                     1 294           
                                                                                                                                                                                    
 At 1 April 2016                                  523               8                       127            370            1 028               1                     1 029           
 Six months to 30 September 2016:                                                                                                                                                   
 Profit for the period – total operations         –                 –                       –              130            130                 –                     130             
 Other comprehensive income/(expense)             –                 –                       99             (57)           42                  –                     42              
 Total comprehensive income                       –                 –                       99             73             172                 –                     172             
 Share-based payments, net of tax                 –                 –                       –              8              8                   –                     8               
 Derecognition of put option on NCI               –                 –                       –              3              3                   –                     3               
 Movement on NCI                                  –                 –                       –              –              –                   (1)                   (1)             
 Dividends paid                                   –                 –                       –              (92)           (92)                –                     (92)            
 At 30 September 2016                             523               8                       226            362            1 119               –                     1 119           
                                                                                                                                                                                    
 At 1 April 2016                                  523               8                       127            370            1 028               1                     1 029           
 Year to 31 March 2017:                                                                                                                                                             
 Profit for the year – total operations           –                 –                       –              256            256                 –                     256             
 Other comprehensive income                       –                 –                       126            43             169                 –                     169             
 Total comprehensive income                       –                 –                       126            299            425                 –                     425             
 Share-based payments, net of tax                 –                 –                       –              24             24                  –                     24              
 Purchase of own shares to trust or treasury      –                 –                       –              (18)           (18)                –                     (18)            
 Derecognition of put option on NCI               –                 –                       –              3              3                   –                     3               
 Movement on NCI                                  –                 –                       –              –              –                   (1)                   (1)             
 Dividends paid                                   –                 –                       –              (130)          (130)               –                     (130)           
 At 31 March 2017                                 523               8                       253            548            1 332               –                     1 332           


TATE & LYLE PLC

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL INFORMATION For the six months to 30 September 2017

1. Presentation of half year financial information

The principal activity of Tate & Lyle PLC and its subsidiaries, together
with its joint ventures and associated undertakings, is the global provision
of ingredients and solutions to the food, beverage and other industries.

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in the
United Kingdom and registered in England. The address of its registered office
is 1 Kingsway, London WC2B 6AT. The Company has its primary listing on the
London Stock Exchange.

Basis of preparation

This condensed set of consolidated financial information for the six months to
30 September 2017 has been prepared on a going concern basis in accordance
with the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority
and with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as adopted by the European Union
(EU). The condensed set of consolidated financial information should be read
in conjunction with the annual financial statements for the year to 31 March
2017, which have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU.

Having reviewed the Group’s latest projected results, cash flows, liquidity
position and borrowing facilities, the Directors are satisfied that the Group
has adequate resources to continue to operate for a period not less than 12
months from the date of approval of the condensed set of financial information
and that there are no material uncertainties around their assessment.
Accordingly, the Directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of
accounting in preparing the condensed set of consolidated financial
information.

The condensed set of consolidated financial information is unaudited, but has
been reviewed by the external auditors. The condensed set of consolidated
financial information in the Statement of Half Year Results does not
constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of Section 434 of the
Companies Act 2006. The Group’s published consolidated financial statements
for the year to 31 March 2017 were approved by the Board of Directors on 24
May 2017 and filed with the Registrar of Companies. The report of the auditors
on those accounts was unqualified and did not contain an emphasis of matter
paragraph or a statement under Section 498 (2) or (3) of the Companies Act
2006. The condensed set of consolidated financial information for the six
months to 30 September 2017 on pages 15 to 34 was approved by the Board of
Directors on 1 November 2017.

Changes in accounting policy and disclosures

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the condensed set of
consolidated financial information are consistent with those of the Group’s
Annual Report and Accounts for the year to 31 March 2017, but also reflect the
adoption, with effect from 1 April 2017, of new or revised accounting
standards, as set out below:

- IAS 12 Income taxes (Amendments) (effective 1 January 2017)

- IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows (Amendments) (effective 1 January 2017)

- Annual Improvements to IFRS – 2014-16 cycle

The adoption of these amendments from 1 April 2017 has had no material effect
on the Group’s financial statements.

The following new standards have been issued and are relevant to the Group,
but were not effective for the financial year beginning 1 April 2017, and have
not been adopted early:

- IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective for the year
ending 31 March 2019)

As disclosed in May 2017, the Group has undertaken a review of its commercial
arrangements across all significant revenue streams and geographies including
assessing the timing of revenue recognition as well as focusing on the
accounting for principal and agency relationships, consignment stocks and
discounts provided. As a result of the review, the Group has concluded that
the adoption of IFRS 15 is not expected to have a material impact on reported
revenue or revenue growth rates, and will continue to review its contracts and
transactions with customers to ensure compliance with IFRS 15 on adoption.

- IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments (effective for the year ending 31 March
2019)

As also disclosed in May 2017, the Group has undertaken a review of the key
areas of IFRS 9 focused principally on classification and measurement of
financial assets and liabilities, impairment of financial assets and hedge
accounting. The Group has concluded that the adoption of IFRS 9 will not have
a material impact on its consolidated results or financial position, and will
continue to review its activities in these areas to ensure compliance with
IFRS 9 upon adoption.

- IFRS 16 – Leases (effective for the year ending 31 March 2020, subject to
endorsement by the EU)

The standard eliminates the classification of leases as either operating or
finance leases and introduces a single accounting model, and will require the
Group to recognise substantially all of its current operating lease
commitments on the statement of financial position. The Group will undertake a
review of its lease arrangements and intends to provide an update of the
impact in the Group’s 2018 Annual Report.

-IFRIC 23 – Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments (effective for the year
ending 31 March 2020, subject to EU endorsement)

The interpretation is to be applied to the determination of taxable profit
(tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits and tax rates,
when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments under IAS 12. The
financial impact of this, together with any other implications of this
interpretation, will be assessed during the 2019 financial year.

There are no other new standards, new interpretations or amendments to
standards or interpretations that have been published that are expected to
have a significant impact on the Group’s financial statements.

Seasonality

The Group's principal exposure to seasonality is in relation to working
capital. The Group's inventories are subject to seasonal fluctuations
reflecting crop harvesting and purchases. Inventory levels typically increase
progressively from September to November and gradually reduce in the first six
months of the calendar year.

Changes in constant currency

Where changes in constant currency are presented in this statement, they are
calculated by retranslating current period results at prior period exchange
rates. Reconciliations of the movement in constant currency have been included
in the additional information within this document.

Use of alternative performance measures

The Group also presents alternative performance measures, including adjusted
operating profit, adjusted profit before tax, adjusted earnings per share,
adjusted operating cash flow and adjusted free cash flow, which are used for
internal performance analysis and incentive compensation arrangements for
employees. These measures are presented because they provide investors with
valuable additional information about the performance of the business. For the
periods presented, alternative performance measures exclude, where relevant:

- Exceptional items (excluded as they relate to events which are unlikely to
recur, are outside the normal course of business and therefore merit separate
disclosure in order to provide a better understanding of the Group's
underlying financial performance);

- Amortisation of acquired intangible assets (costs associated with amounts
recognised through acquisition accounting that impact earnings compared to
organic investments);

- Net retirement benefit interest (accounting charges or credits which are not
linked to the underlying performance of the business. The amounts excluded
reflect the net interest cost of post-retirement benefit plans substantially
closed to future accrual); and

- Tax on the above items and tax items that themselves meet these definitions.

Alternative performance measures reported by the Group are not defined terms
under IFRS and may therefore not be comparable with similarly-titled measures
reported by other companies. Reconciliations of the alternative performance
measures to the most directly comparable IFRS measures are presented in Note
2.

Exceptional items

Exceptional items comprise items of income and expense, including tax items
that are material in amount, relate to events which are unlikely to recur, are
outside the normal course of business and therefore merit separate disclosure
in order to provide a better understanding of the Group's underlying financial
performance. Examples of events that give rise to the disclosure of material
items of income and expense as exceptional items include, but are not limited
to: impairment events; significant business transformation activities;
disposals of operations or significant individual assets; litigation claims by
or against the Group; changes in tax legislation; and restructuring of
components of the Group’s operations.

All material amounts relating to exceptional items in the Group’s financial
statements are classified on a consistent basis across accounting periods.

Discontinued operations

An operation is classified as discontinued if it is a component of the Group
that: (i) has been disposed of, or meets the criteria to be classified as held
for sale; and (ii) represents a separate major line of business or geographic
area of operations or will be disposed of as part of a single co-ordinated
plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographic area of
operations. The results, assets and liabilities and cash flows of discontinued
operations are presented separately from those of continuing operations.

There was no activity classified within discontinued operations in the six
months to 30 September 2017.

Discontinued operations in the comparative periods related to the disposal of
the Group’s Moroccan subsidiary. As part of a broader transaction with
Archer Daniels Midland Inc. (ADM), the Group sold its corn wet mill in
Casablanca, Morocco to ADM on 1 June 2016.

2. Reconciliation of alternative performance measures

For the reasons set out in Note 1, the Group presents alternative performance
measures including adjusted operating profit, adjusted profit before tax and
adjusted earnings per share.

For the periods presented, these alternative performance measures exclude,
where relevant:

– exceptional items;

– the amortisation of acquired intangible assets;

– net retirement benefit interest; and

– tax on the above items and tax items that themselves meet these
definitions.

The following table shows the reconciliation of the key alternative
performance measures to the most directly comparable measures reported in
accordance with IFRS:
                                                                 Six months to 30 September 2017                                     Six months to 30 September 2016                      
 £m unless otherwise stated                                      IFRS                Adjustingitems           Adjusted               IFRS                Adjusting           Adjusted     
 
                                                               
                                            
                      
                   
                   
            
 Continuing operations                                           reported                                     reported               reported            items               reported     
 Sales                                                           1 398               –                        1 398                  1 321               –                   1 321        
 Operating profit                                                165                 5                        170                    124                 9                   133          
 Net finance expense                                             (17)                3                        (14)                   (15)                3                   (12)         
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates      13                  –                        13                     19                  –                   19           
 Profit before tax                                               161                 8                        169                    128                 12                  140          
 Income tax (expense)/credit                                     (37)                (3)                      (40)                   1                   (27)                (26)         
 Profit for the year                                             124                 5                        129                    129                 (15)                114          
 Basic earnings per share                                        26.8p               1.2p                     28.0p                  27.7p               (3.1p)              24.6p        
 Diluted earnings per share                                      26.5p               1.1p                     27.6p                  27.4p               (3.1p)              24.3p        
 Effective tax rate expense/(credit)                             22.8%                                        23.5%                  (0.9%)                                  18.3%        

                                                                 Year to 31 March 2017                            
 Continuing operations                                           IFRS              Adjusting         Adjusted     
                                                                 
                 
                 
            
                                                                 reported          items             reported     
 Sales                                                           2 753             –                 2 753        
 Operating profit                                                233               31                264          
 Net finance expense                                             (32)              7                 (25)         
 Share of profit after tax of joint ventures and associates      32                –                 32           
 Profit before tax                                               233               38                271          
 Income tax credit/(expense)                                     22                (71)              (49)         
 Profit for the year                                             255               (33)              222          
 Basic earnings per share                                        55.0p             (7.2p)            47.8p        
 Diluted earnings per share                                      54.2p             (7.1p)            47.1p        
 Effective tax rate (credit)/expense                             (9.6%)                              18.2%        


The following table shows the reconciliation of the adjusting items in the
current and comparative periods:
 Continuing operations                                               Six months to              Six months to              Year to      
                                                         
           
                          
                          
            
                                                                     30 September               30 September               31 March     
                                                         
           
                          
                          
            
                                                         Notes       2017                       2016                       2017         
                                                                     
                          
                          
            
                                                                     £m                         £m                         £m           
 Exceptional items in operating profit                   4           –                          3                          19           
 Amortisation of acquired intangible assets                          5                          6                          12           
 Total excluded from adjusted operating profit                       5                          9                          31           
 Net retirement benefit interest                         13          3                          3                          7            
 Total excluded from adjusted profit before tax                      8                          12                         38           
 Tax on adjusting items                                  5           (3)                        (1)                        (6)          
 Exceptional deferred tax credits                        4, 5        –                          (26)                       (65)         
 Total excluded from adjusted profit for the period                  5                          (15)                       (33)         


The Group also presents two alternative cash flow measures which are defined
as follows:

(a) Adjusted free cash flow represents cash generated from continuing
operations after net interest paid, income tax paid, and capital expenditure,
and excluding the impact of exceptional items.

(b) Adjusted operating cash flow is defined as adjusted free cash flow from
continuing operations, adding back net interest and tax paid, retirement cash
contributions, and excluding derivative and margin call movements within
working capital.

The following table shows the reconciliation of these alternative cash flow
performance measures:
                                                                     Six months to       Six months to       Year to 31    
                                                                     
                   
                   
             
                                                                     30 September        30 September        March         
                                                                     
                   
                   
             
                                                                     2017                2016                2017          
                                                                     
                   
                   
             
                                                                     £m                  £m                  £m            
 Adjusted operating profit from continuing operations                170                 133                 264           
 Adjusted for:                                                                                                             
 Depreciation and adjusted amortisation                              71                  63                  137           
 Share-based payments charge                                         8                   8                   21            
 Changes in working capital and other non-cash movements             16                  62                  4             
 Net retirement benefit obligations                                  (20)                (20)                (36)          
 Capital expenditure                                                 (61)                (77)                (153)         
 Net interest and tax paid                                           (33)                (31)                (63)          
 Adjusted free cash flow                                             151                 138                 174           
 Add back: net interest and tax paid                                 33                  31                  63            
 Add back: net retirement cash contributions                         25                  23                  42            
 Less: derivatives and margin call movements within changes in       4                   (7)                 (6)           
      working capital                                                                                                      
 Adjusted operating cash flow                                        213                 185                 273           


The Group presents certain financial measures as defined in its external
financial covenants as Key Performance Indicators. Net debt to EBITDA and
interest cover are defined under the Group’s financial covenants and are
required to be reported on a proportionate consolidation basis. For financial
covenant purposes these ratios are calculated based on the accounting
standards that applied for the 2014 financial year, with new accounting
standards adopted by the Group subsequent to 1 April 2014 disregarded, with
performance based on the preceding 12 months’ results. Net debt is
calculated using average currency exchange rates. All ratios are calculated
based on unrounded figures in £ million. The following table presents the
calculation of these alternative measures:
                                                                                                      30 September                 30 September      31 March      
                                                                                                      
                            
                 
             
                                                                                                      2017                         2016              2017          
                                                                                                      
                            
                 
             
                                                                                                      £m                           £m                £m            
 Calculation of Net debt to EBITDA ratio – on a financial covenant                                                                                                 
      basis                                                                                                                                                        
 Net debt (see Note 9)                                                                                371                          418               452           
 Further adjustments set out in financial covenants:                                                                                                               
 to reflect use of average exchange rates in translating net debt and                                 28                           (33)              (13)          
      proportionate consolidation                                                                                                                                  
 Net debt – on a financial covenant basis                                                             399                          385               439           
                                                                                                                                                                   
 

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