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REG - Tower Resources PLC - Placing, Intended Open Offer and Prelim Results <Origin Href="QuoteRef">TOWR.L</Origin> - Part 2

- Part 2: For the preceding part double click  ID:nRSd7752Ja 

300,047      2,350,574    
 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment  -            -            17,152     9,243      17,152       9,243        
 Interest income                                (1,849)      -            (215)      (1,630)    (2,064)      (1,630)      
 Financing costs                                3,293        4,938        4,930      5,717      8,223        10,655       
 Loss by reportable segment                     19,310,012   4,474,587    3,977,960  5,317,582  23,287,972   9,792,169    
 Total assets by reportable segment 2 / 3       20,883,326   38,372,368   969,447    4,378,463  21,852,773   42,750,831   
 Total liabilities by reportable segment 4      (1,049,436)  (957,201)    (336,727)  (618,964)  (1,386,163)  (1,576,165)  
 
 
1 Administrative expenses include $19.9 million (2015: $4.1 million) of
intangible exploration and evaluation asset impairments in relation to the
Africa segment. 
 
2 Included within total assets of $21.8 million (2015: $42.8 million) are $5.2
million (2015: $2.7 million) Cameroon, $2.8 million (2015: $2.6 million)
Zambia, $12.4 million (2015: $31.1 million) South Africa and $nil (2015:
$484k) SADR. 
 
3 Carrying amounts of segment assets exclude investments in subsidiaries. 
 
4 Carrying amounts of segment liabilities exclude intra-group financing. 
 
4.            Loss from operations 
 
 Loss from operations is stated after charging/(crediting):                                                        Total       
                                                                                                                   2016        2015       
                                                                                                                   $           $          
 Share-based payment charges                                                                                       300,047     2,350,574  
 Staff costs                                                                                                       1,760,710   2,133,045  
 Rental of properties                                                                                              74,022      86,262     
 Loss on foreign currencies                                                                                        246,999     243,833    
 Depreciation of property, plant and equipment                                                                     17,152      9,243      
 Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets                                                                   19,916,391  4,127,023  
                                                                                                                                          
 An analysis of auditor's remuneration is as follows:                                                                                     
 Fees payable to the Group's auditors for the audit of the Group and subsidiary annual accounts    55,947  55,709  
 Fees payable to the Group's auditors for non-audit assurance services                                     16,951  35,494      
 Total audit fees                                                                                                  72,898      91,203     
 
 
During the year the Company impaired assets totalling $19.9 million (2015:
$4.1 million) in accordance with IAS 36 "Impairment of Assets" in South
Africa, SADR, Namibia and Kenya. Full details of the impairment are provided
in note 12. 
 
5.            Employee information 
 
The average monthly number of employees of the Group (including Directors)
was: 
 
                  2016  2015  
 Head office      5     6     
 Africa           1     1     
                  6     7     
 
 
Group employee costs during the year (including executive Directors) amounted
to: 
 
                                  2016       2015       
                                  $          $          
 Wages and salaries               1,576,909  1,892,727  
 Social security costs            183,801    240,318    
 Share-based payment charges      300,047    2,350,574  
                                  2,060,757  4,483,619  
 
 
No bonuses were paid to Directors or employees during the year. 
 
Key management personnel include executive and non-executive Directors whose
remuneration, including non-cash share-based payment charges of $172k (2015:
$1.4 million), was $1.0 million (2015: $2.5 million); see Directors' Report
for additional detail. 
 
A portion of the Group's staff costs and associated overheads are expensed as
pre-licence expenditure or capitalised where they are directly attributable to
on-going capital projects. In 2016 this portion amounted to $982k million
(2015: $3.8 million). 
 
6.            Finance costs 
 
During the period covered by these financial statements the Group incurred
costs of $8k (2015: $11k). The Company incurred costs of $5k (2015: $6k). 
 
7.            Taxation 
 
                                                                                                        2016         2015       
                                                                                                        $            $          
 Current tax                                                                                                                    
 UK Corporation tax                                                                                     -            -          
 Total current tax charge                                                                               -            -          
 The tax charge for the period can be reconciled to the loss for the year as follows:                                
 Group loss before tax                                                                                  23,287,972   9,792,169  
 Tax at the UK Corporation tax rate of 20.25% (2014: 21.5%)                                (4,657,594)  (1,982,915)  
 Tax effects of:                                                                                                                
 Expenses not deductible for tax purposes                                                               3,850,739    1,137,233  
 Tax losses carried forward not recognised as a deferred tax asset                         806,855      845,682      
 Current tax charge                                                                                     -            -          
 
 
8.            Deferred tax 
 
At the reporting date the Group had an unrecognised deferred tax asset of $3.2
million (2015: $2.8 million) relating to unused tax losses. No deferred tax
asset has been recognised due to the uncertainty of future profit streams
against which these losses could be utilised. 
 
9.            Parent company income statement 
 
For the year-ended 31 December 2016 the Parent Company incurred a loss of
$24.2 million (2015: $8.5 million) including the financing costs of $5k (2015:
$6k) referred to in note 6, the share-based payments charge of $300k (2015:
$2.4 million) and a provision for the impairment of advances to its South
African, Namibian, Kenyan, SADR and Ugandan operating subsidiaries of $20.0
million (2015: $6.6 million). The Company charged finance interest on
intercompany loan accounts of $777k (2015: $728k) and fees with respect to the
provision of strategic advice and support of $100k (2015: $160k). In
accordance with the provisions of Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the
Parent Company has not presented a statement of comprehensive income. 
 
10.          Loss per share 
 
                                                                                  Basic & Diluted  
                                                                                  2016             2015       
                                                                                  $                $          
 Loss for the year                                                                23,287,972       9,792,169  
 Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year  47,930,538  20,234,326       
 Dilutive effect of share options outstanding                                     -                -          
 Fully diluted average number of ordinary shares during the year      47,930,538  20,234,326       
 Loss per share (USc)                                                             48.59c           48.39c     
 
 
The diluted weighted average number of shares in issue and to be issued is
47,930,538 (2015: 20,305,484). The diluted loss per share has been kept the
same as the basic loss per share because the conversion of share options and
share warrants would decrease the basic loss per share, and is thus
anti-dilutive. 
 
11.          Property, plant and equipment 
 
                                Group    Company  
 Year-ended 31 December 2016    $        $        
 Cost                                             
 At 1 January 2016              325,928  91,419   
 Additions during the year      257      257      
 At 31 December 2016            326,185  91,676   
 Depreciation                                     
 At 1 January 2016              253,702  19,193   
 Charge for the year            17,152   17,152   
 At 31 December 2016            270,854  36,345   
 Net book value                                   
 At 31 December 2016            55,331   55,331   
 At 31 December 2015            72,226   72,226   
                                                  
                                Group    Company  
 Year-ended 31 December 2015    $        $        
 Cost                                             
 At 1 January 2015              247,070  12,561   
 Additions during the year      78,858   78,858   
 Disposals during the year      -        -        
 At 31 December 2015            325,928  91,419   
 Depreciation                                     
 At 1 January 2015              244,459  9,950    
 Eliminated on disposal         -        -        
 Charge for the year            9,243    9,243    
 At 31 December 2015            253,702  19,193   
 Net book value                                   
 At 31 December 2015            72,226   72,226   
 At 31 December 2014            2,611    2,611    
 
 
12.          Intangible Exploration and Evaluation (E&E) assets 
 
                              Exploration and evaluation assets  Goodwill     Total          
 Year-ended 31 December 2016  $                                  $            $              
 Cost                                                                                        
 At 1 January 2016            121,285,504                        8,023,292    129,308,796    
 Additions during the year    3,398,897                          -            3,398,897      
 At 31 December 2016          124,684,401                        8,023,292    132,707,693    
 Amortisation and impairment                                                                 
 At 1 January 2016            (84,346,827)                       (7,979,502)  (92,326,329)   
 Impairment during the year   (19,872,603)                       (43,790)     (19,916,393)   
 At 31 December 2016          (104,219,430)                      (8,023,292)  (112,242,722)  
 Net book value                                                                              
 At 31 December 2016          20,464,971                         -            20,464,971     
 At 31 December 2015          36,938,677                         43,790       36,982,467     
 
 
                              Exploration and evaluation assets  Goodwill     Total         
 Year-ended 31 December 2015  $                                  $            $             
 Cost                                                                                       
 At 1 January 2015            114,180,159                        8,023,292    122,203,451   
 Additions during the year    7,105,345                          -            7,105,345     
 At 31 December 2015          121,285,504                        8,023,292    129,308,796   
 Amortisation and impairment                                                                
 At 1 January 2015            (80,219,804)                       (7,979,502)  (88,199,306)  
 Impairment during the year   (4,127,023)                        -            (4,127,023)   
 At 31 December 2015          (84,346,827)                       (7,979,502)  (92,326,329)  
 Net book value                                                                             
 At 31 December 2015          36,938,677                         43,790       36,982,467    
 At 31 December 2014          33,960,355                         43,790       34,004,145    
 
 
During the year the Group capitalised amounts totalling $3.4 million (2015:
$7.1 million) with respect to the following assets: 
 
               2016       2015       
               $          $          
 Cameroon      2,501,202  2,734,669  
 Namibia       (8,000)    751,024    
 Kenya         (84,775)   2,508,790  
 Zambia        145,420    1,302,488  
 South Africa  812,338    (294,504)  
 SADR          32,712     102,878    
 Total         3,398,897  7,105,345  
 
 
The Group impaired amounts totalling $19.9 million (2015: $4.1 million) in
accordance with IAS 36 "Impairment of Assets": 
 
               2016        2015       
               $           $          
 Namiba        (8,000)     751,024    
 Kenya         (84,775)    2,508,790  
 South Africa  19,492,094  867,209    
 SADR          517,074     -          
 Total         19,916,393  4,127,023  
 
 
In accordance with the Group's accounting policies and IFRS 6 the Directors'
have reviewed each of the exploration license areas for indications of
impairment. Having done so, based on the financial constraints on the Group,
and specific issues associated with each license it was concluded that a full
impairment review was necessary in each case. 
 
The Group subsequently conducted an impairment review in accordance with the
provisions of IAS 36. This is inherently an extremely judgmental exercise
because it requires the Directors to place a value on exploration projects
that by definition are not in the development stage and are not therefore cash
generating units. 
 
In Cameroon a small in-country office staffed with local professionals has
been established in Douala. Tower completed the lengthy ESIA (Environmental
and Social Impact Assessment) and successfully applied for and was granted a
Certificate of Environmental Conformity (CEC) by the Cameroon Ministry of
Environment permitting the acquisition of seismic over the Thali Block and
also received necessary equipment import permits. 
 
The Directors have not provided for any impairment of the Company's investment
in the Thali license, because potential transactions discussed with third
parties support the Directors' view that the current carrying value is
recoverable. 
 
In South Africa on 16 February 2016 Tower announced that its wholly-owned
subsidiary, Rift Petroleum Limited ("Rift") and its partner, New African
Global Energy SA (Pty) Ltd, agreed not to proceed with an application to
convert the deep-water frontier SW Orange Basin Technical Co-operation Permit
(TCP) into an exploration right. Consequently, New Age part-reimbursed Rift
the sum of US$400k, which was paid by Rift as part of its original farm-in
agreement in 2013, which was also terminated. 
 
There are currently ongoing regulatory changes in South Africa affecting the
exploration industry and this has led to a reduction in activity by Companies
such as Tower whilst these matters are resolved. Currently the Directors
consider that despite this uncertainty, once concluded the project will still
be viable. If this does not prove to be the case it is likely that exploration
would cease and the full cost of exploration impaired. 
 
The investment in South Africa includes a fair-value adjustment which
represented an up-lift on the consideration paid at that time to the vendors
of Rift Petroleum Holdings Limited ("Rift"), based on the value at that time
of the Tower shares that they received in exchange for those of Rift. As
market conditions have materially deteriorated in the intervening period, it
was not felt that carrying the uplift forward adhered to the spirit of IAS 36,
albeit that a full write-off of all carrying amounts was equally unwarranted
given the potential prospectivity of the acreage and the interest shown in it
by third parties. 
 
The Directors are satisfied that in accordance with IAS 36, the impaired
carrying value is equal to the assessed value in use. This view is also based
on the market value of other South African offshore exploration blocks to the
extent this can be determined or inferred from company market values and other
transactions. 
 
In the case of the Group's Zambian license, the Directors are waiting for the
current review of the country's petroleum law to be completed before the value
of the license can be tested in the market. Tower have submitted a proposal to
the Oil Minister to vary the work programme on the existing license and are
awaiting approval of that before proceeding. Whilst there is clearly
uncertainty the Directors consider based on evidence available on the project
that it is worth continuing with the exploration and based on evidence of
other interested parties in license blocks similar to that held by Tower that
the value of the exploration license is equal to its book value. 
 
In SADR, the Company announced on 25 January 2017 the completion of the sale
of its wholly owned subsidiary, Comet Petroleum Limited, to Red Rio Petroleum
Ltd for a cash consideration of £1, future contingent payments and an
over-riding royalty interest of ten per cent over future production revenue
from Comet's assets in SADR. Following this disposal and due to the
uncertainty over the precise timing and amount of future royalty cash flows,
the decision was made to fully impair the carrying value at 31 December 2016. 
 
The valuations assessed by the Directors have been made on the assumption that
sufficient funds will be raised either through share issues, farm outs or
disposals to meet the license commitments. A failure to obtain such funds
would impact upon the going concern nature of the business as set out in note
1 c) and would also lead to an impairment of the exploration assets. 
 
13.          Investment in subsidiaries 
 
                                                     Loans to subsidiary undertakings  Shares in subsidiary undertakings  Total          
 Company                                             $                                 $                                  $              
 Cost                                                                                                                                    
 At 1 January 2016                                   102,931,161                       45,608,267                         148,539,428    
 Net advances during the year                        2,699,559                         -                                  2,699,559      
 Re-classified as non-current liabilities (note 16)  117,568                           -                                  117,568        
 At 31 December 2016                                 105,748,288                       45,608,267                         151,356,555    
 Provision for impairment                                                                                                 -              
 At 1 January 2016                                   (95,695,275)                      (7,994,610)                        (103,689,885)  
 Provision for impairment                            (1,193,853)                       (20,002,908)                       (21,196,761)   
 At 31 December 2016                                 (96,889,128)                      (27,997,518)                       (124,886,646)  
 Net book value                                                                                                           -              
 At 31 December 2016                                 8,859,160                         17,610,749                         26,469,909     
 At 31 December 2015                                 7,235,886                         37,613,657                         44,849,543     
 
 
Included within loans made to subsidiary undertakings during the year of $2.7
million are amounts of $1.8 million Cameroon, $210k Zambia, $263k South
Africa, and $396k Namibia. Included within the $2.7 million is interest on
intercompany loans of $777k. At 31 December 2016 loans in relation to SADR
were forgiven prior the disposal of Comet Petroleum Limited to Red Rio
Petroleum Limited. 
 
The subsidiary undertakings at the year-end are as follows (these undertakings
are included in the Group accounts): 
 
                                                                          Country of              Class of     Proportion of voting rights held  Nature of business  
                                                                          incorporation           shares held  
                                                                          2016                    2016         2016                              2015                2015                     
 Tower Resources Cameroon Limited 1                                       England & Wales         Ordinary     100%                              100%                Holding company          
 Tower Resources Cameroon SA 2                                            Cameroon                Ordinary     100%                              100%                Oil and gas exploration  
 Rift Petroleum Holdings Limited 1                                        Isle of Man             Ordinary     100%                              100%                Holding company          
 Rift Petroleum Limited 3                                                 Zambia                  Ordinary     100%                              100%                Oil and gas exploration  
 Rift Petroleum Limited 3                                                 Isle of Man             Ordinary     100%                              100%                Oil and gas exploration  
 Tower Resources (Kenya) Limited 1                                        England & Wales         Ordinary     100%                              100%                Oil and gas exploration  
 Tower Resources (Namibia) Limited 1                                      England & Wales         Ordinary     100%                              100%                Holding company          
 Tower Resources Namibia Limited 4                                        British Virgin Islands  Ordinary     100%                              100%                Oil and gas exploration  
 Wilton Petroleum Limited 5/1                                             England & Wales         Ordinary     100%                              100%                Oil and gas exploration  
 Tower Resources ((UK) Limited 1                                          England & Wales         Ordinary     100%                              100%                Holding company          
 1 Held directly by the Company, Tower Resources plc                                                                                                                                            
 2 Held directly or indirectly through Tower Resources Cameroon Limited                                                                                                                       
 3 Held directly or indirectly through Rift Petroleum Holdings Limited                                                                                                                        
 4 Held directly or indirectly through Tower Resources (Namibia) Limited                                                                                                                      
 5 In liquidation                                                                                                                                                                               
 
 
14.          Trade and other receivables 
 
                                Group    Company             
                                2016     2015       2016     2015     
                                $        $          $        $        
 Trade and other receivables    544,191  2,202,055  144,189  976,068  
 
 
Included within both Group and Company accounts are amounts totalling $74k
(2015: $907k) with respect to UK VAT receivable. At 31 December 2015, these
amounts had been withheld pending the completion of a review that was
incomplete at the time the 2015 financial statements were signed. At that time
the company had received independent third party advice confirming the
validity of the Company's UK VAT position. 
 
As noted in the interim report and accounts 2016, HMRC subsequently issued
further assessments totalling £843k excluding interest and penalties. This was
appealed and referred to the first-tier tribunal, a hearing date for which has
not yet been confirmed. 
 
As also noted in the interim report and accounts 2016, the Company had also
identified that certain suppliers had incorrectly charged UK VAT on their fees
to the Company. VAT incorrectly charged to the Company totalled £903k. The
suppliers concerned had filed letters disclosing this error with HMRC and
sought reimbursement. The legal benefit and the handling of these claims have
now been assigned to the Company, which is engaged in a continuing dialogue
with HMRC about these claims and HMRC's earlier assessments. HMRC has agreed
not to pursue its claim for £843k while the Company's claim for reimbursement
of £903k remains outstanding. 
 
The Company firmly believes that it has complied in all material respects with
UK VAT legislation. Based on discussions with its advisors, the Company
understands that the strength of HMRC's claim over the £843k is subject to
legal interpretation, whereas the strength of the Company's claim of £903k
against HMRC is not. 
 
Nevertheless, taking into account the uncertainty regarding the appeal on the
withholding of the original receivable and the assessment of £843k, and the
alternative reimbursement due of £903k, the Company has therefore reduced the
net receivable within the accounts to £60k ($74k) to reflect only the
reimbursement due, and has also made a full provision for the HMRC assessment.
The difference has been charged to the Income Statement. 
 
Also included within Group receivables is an amount of $400k (2015: $500k)
following the decision by Tower's wholly-owned subsidiary, Rift Petroleum
Limited and its partner, New African Global Energy SA (Pty) Ltd ("New Age")
not to proceed with an application to convert the TCP for the Orange Basin
ultra-deep-water frontier area in South Africa into an exploration right in
February 2016. Accordingly, New Age were required to reimburse Rift the sum of
$500k, which was paid by Rift as part of its original farm-in agreement in
2013. At 31 December 2016 $100k had been received by the Group from New Age. 
 
15.          Trade and other payables 
 
                             Group      Company             
                             2016       2015       2016     2015     
                             $          $          $        $        
 Trade and other payables    222,207    1,407,354  172,771  450,153  
 Accruals                    1,163,956  168,811    163,956  168,811  
                             1,386,163  1,576,165  336,727  618,964  
 
 
Group creditor payment days are approximately 35 days (2014: 35 days). 
 
16.          Non-current liabilities 
 
                                     Group  Company             
                                     2016   2015     2016       2015       
                                     $      $        $          $          
 Loan from subsidiary undertaking    -      -        6,636,019  6,518,451  
 
 
Non-current liabilities represent a loan from Wilton Petroleum Limited, a
wholly owned subsidiary, to the Company. 
 
17.          Share capital 
 
                                                             2016        2015        
                                                             $           $           
 Authorised, called up, allotted and fully paid                                      
 104,128,588 (2015: 27,228,472) ordinary shares of 1.0p      12,016,201  11,024,090  
 
 
Following the passing of the Share Capital Reorganisation resolutions at the
Company's AGM on 6 April 2016 every 250 existing ordinary shares of 0.1p each
that were in issue at that date, were consolidated into one new ordinary share
of £0.01 each.  Other than the change in nominal value, the New Ordinary
Shares arising on implementation of the share consolidation had the same
rights as the existing ordinary shares, including voting and other rights. All
existing options and warrants were also consolidated on the same 250-to-1
basis. All shareholders and option holders retain the same percentage interest
in the Company post consolidation as previously held. 
 
The share capital issues during 2016 are summarised as follows: 
 
                                            Number of shares  Share capital at nominal value  Share premium  
                                                              $                               $              
 At 1 January 2016 (pre-consolidation)      6,807,118,052     11,024,090                      141,289,444    
 Shares consolidation                       (6,779,889,580)   -                               -              
 At 1 January 2016 (restated)               27,228,472        11,024,090                      141,289,444    
 Shares issued for cash                     70,913,919        916,011                         1,145,014      
 Shares issued in lieu of fees payable      5,986,197         76,100                          287,124        
 Share issue costs                          -                 -                               (144,379)      
 At 31 December 2016                        104,128,588       12,016,201                      142,577,203    
 
 
The shares issued in lieu of fees payable were issued quarterly and valued at
the average market price for the quarter in which the services were provided. 
 
On 7 March 2016, it was announced that at the Company's AGM a capital
reorganisation would be proposed to restructure and consolidate the Company's
shares so that for each 250 shares currently held shareholders will receive
one new share. The main purpose of this exercise was to reduce the volatility
of the Company's share price and to be able to issue shares for existing
contractual arrangements, as the market price at that time was below the
nominal value. Following the passing of the Share Capital Reorganisation
resolutions on 6 April 2016, every 250 existing ordinary shares of 0.1p each
were consolidated into one new ordinary share of 1.0p each.  Following the
share capital reorganisation the Company's issued share capital comprised of
27,228,472 Ordinary Shares. 
 
18.          Reserves 
 
Reserves within equity are as follows: 
 
Share capital 
 
Amounts subscribed for share capital at nominal value. 
 
Share premium account 
 
The share premium account represents the amounts received by the Company on
the issue of its shares which were in excess of the nominal value of the
shares. 
 
Retained losses 
 
Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive
Income less any amounts reflected directly in other reserves. 
 
19.          Financial instruments 
 
Capital risk management and liquidity risk 
 
Capital structure of the Group and Company consists of cash and cash
equivalents held for working capital purposes and equity attributable to the
equity holders of the Parent, comprising issued capital, reserves and retained
losses as disclosed in the Statement of Changes in Equity. The Group and
Company uses cash flow models and budgets, which are regularly updated, to
monitor liquidity risk. 
 
Significant accounting policies 
 
Details of the significant accounting policies and methods adopted, including
the criteria for recognition, the basis of measurement and the basis on which
income and expenses are recognised, in respect of each material class of
financial asset, financial liability and equity instrument are disclosed in
note 1 to the financial statements. 
 
Due to the short term nature of these assets and liabilities such values
approximate their fair values at 31 December 2016 and 31 December 2015. 
 
                                                               Carrying amount / fair value              
                                                               2016                          2015        
 Group                                                         $                             $           
 Financial assets (classified as loans and receivables)                                                  
 Cash and cash equivalents                                     788,280                       3,494,083   
 Trade and other receivables                                   544,191                       2,202,055   
 Total financial assets                                        1,332,471                     5,696,138   
 Financial liabilities at amortised cost                                                                 
 Trade and other payables                                      1,386,163                     1,576,165   
 Total financial liabilities                                   1,386,163                     1,576,165   
                                                                                                         
                                                               Carrying amount / fair value              
                                                               2016                          2015        
 Company                                                       $                             $           
 Financial assets (classified as loans and receivables)                                                  
 Cash and cash equivalents                                     769,927                       3,330,169   
 Trade and other receivables                                   144,189                       976,068     
 Loans to subsidiary undertakings                              8,859,160                     7,235,887   
 Total financial assets                                        9,773,276                     11,542,124  
 Financial liabilities at amortised cost                                                                 
 Trade and other payables                                      336,727                       618,964     
 Loans from subsidiary undertaking                             6,636,019                     6,518,451   
 Total financial liabilities                                   6,972,746                     7,137,415   
 
 
Financial risk management objectives 
 
The Group's and Company's objective and policy is to use financial instruments
to manage the risk profile of its underlying operations. The Group continually
monitors financial risk including oil and gas price risk, interest rate risk,
equity price risk, currency translation risk and liquidity risk and takes
appropriate measures to ensure such risks are managed in a controlled manner
including, where appropriate, through the use of financial derivatives.The
Group and Company does not enter into or trade financial instruments,
including derivative financial instruments, for speculative purposes. 
 
Interest rate risk management 
 
The Group and Company does not have any outstanding borrowings and hence, the
Group and Company is only exposed to interest rate risk on its short term cash
deposits. 
 
Interest rate sensitivity analysis 
 
The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to
interest rates at the reporting date and assuming the amount of the balances
at the reporting date were outstanding for the whole year. 
 
A 100 basis point change represents management's estimate of a possible change
in interest rates at the reporting date. If interest rates had been 100 basis
points higher and all other variables were held constant the Group's profits
and equity would be impacted as follows: 
 
                              Group     Company           
                              Increase  Increase          
                              2016      2015      2016    2015    
                              $         $         $       $       
 Cash and cash equivalents    22,511    27,387    21,375  25,934  
 
 
The Group's exposure to interest rate risk, which is the risk that a financial
instrument's value will fluctuate as a result of changes in market interest
rates on classes of financial assets and financial liabilities, was as
follows: 
 
                              2016                    2015                                          
                              Floating interest rate  Non-interest bearing  Floating interest rate  Non-interest bearing  
                              $                       $                     $                       $                     
 Cash and cash equivalents    780,339                 7,941                 3,335,169               158,914               
 
 
Foreign currency risk 
 
The Group's and Company's reporting currency is the US dollar, being the
currency in which the majority of the Group's revenue and expenditure is
transacted. The US dollar is the functional currency of the Company and the
majority of its subsidiaries. Less material elements of its management,
services and treasury functions are transacted in pounds sterling. The
majority of balances are held in US dollars with transfers to pounds sterling
and other local currencies as required to meet local needs. The Group does not
enter into derivative transactions to manage its foreign currency translation
or transaction risk. 
 
At the year-end the Group and Company maintained the following cash reserves: 
 
                                                       Group    Company             
                                                       2016     2015       2016     2015       
 Cash and cash equivalents                             $        $          $        $          
 Cash and cash equivalents held in US$                 26,439   452,953    20,427   439,072    
 Cash and cash equivalents held in GBP                 748,551  3,026,087  748,551  2,891,097  
 Cash and cash equivalents held in other currencies    13,290   15,043     949      -          
                                                       788,280  3,494,083  769,927  3,330,169  
 
 
Credit risk management 
 
Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its
contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group or Company.
The Group and Company reviews the credit risk of the entities that it sells
its products to or that it enters into contractual arrangements with and will
obtain guarantees and commercial letters of credit as may be considered
necessary where risks are significant to the Group or Company. 
 
20.          Operating leases and capital commitments 
 
                                                                                           Group   Company          
                                                                                           2016    2015     2016    2015    
                                                                                           $       $        $       $       
 Minimum lease payments under operating leases recognised as an expense during the year    74,022  41,001   74,022  41,001  
 
 
At the reporting date outstanding commitments for minimum operating lease
payments fall due as follows: 
 
                                      Group    Company           
                                      2016     2015     2016     2015     
                                      $        $        $        $        
 Within one year                      69,620   77,938   69,620   77,938   
 In second to fifth year inclusive    176,815  275,881  176,815  275,881  
                                      246,434  353,819  246,434  353,819  
 
 
Operating lease commitments represent payments made for by the Group for its
office properties. 
 
The Group is committed to funding the following exploration expenditure
commitments as at 31 December 2016: 
 
                                                             Country       Interest  Net commitment 2017  Net commitment 2018 onwards  
 Algoa-Gamtoos 1                                             South Africa  50%       $- million           $2.1 million                 
 Thali 2                                                     Cameroon      100%      $- million           $10.8 million                
 Block 40 & 41                                               Zambia        100%      $- million           tbd                          
                                                                                     $- million           $12.9 million                
 1 2 years from signature of agreement to next phase tbd.                                                                              
 2 3 years to 14 September 2018.                                                                                                       
 3 1 year from signature of agreement to next phase tbd                                                                                
                                                                                                                                       
 
 
21.          Share-based payments 
 
Options 
 
Following the passing of the Share Capital Reorganisation resolutions at the
Company's AGM on 6 April 2016 every 250 existing ordinary shares of 0.1p each
that were in issue at that date, were consolidated into one new ordinary share
of £0.01 each.  Other than the change in nominal value, the New Ordinary
Shares arising on implementation of the share consolidation had the same
rights as the existing ordinary shares, including voting and other rights. All
options and warrants in issue at that date were also consolidated on the same
basis. 
 
Details of share options outstanding at 31 December 2016 are as follows: 
 
                                            Number in issue  
 At 1 January 2016 (pre-consolidation)      198,700,000      
 Shares consolidation                       (197,905,200)    
 At 1 January 2016 (restated)               794,800          
 Granted during the year                    2,037,600        
 Lapsed / forfeited during the year         (33,334)         
 At 31 December 2016                        2,799,066        
 
 
 Date of grant  Number in issue     Option price (pence)  Latest           exercise date  
 27 Dec 14      313,466          1  1.750                 27 Dec 19                       
 09 Dec 15      471,600          1  0.475                 09 Dec 20                       
 16 Mar 16      514,000          1  0.475                 16 Mar 21                       
 26 Oct 16      1,500,000        1  0.023                 25 Oct 21                       
 
 
1 These options vest in the beneficiaries in equal tranches on the first,
second and third anniversaries of grant. 
 
The following table shows the interests of the Directors in the share options
in issue: 
 
                   2016     2015     
                   No.      No.      
 Graeme Thomson    398,001  272,000  
 Nigel Quinton     -        168,000  
 Total             398,001  440,000  
 
 
Warrants 
 
Details of warrants outstanding at 31 December 2016 are as follows: 
 
                                            Number in issue  
 At 1 January 2016 (pre-consolidation)      35,944,363       
 Shares consolidation                       (35,800,596)     
 At 1 January 2016 (restated)               143,767          
 Lapsed during the year                     (6,865)          
 At 31 December 2016                        280,669          
 
 
These warrants vest in the beneficiaries on the first anniversary of grant. 
 
The following table shows the interests of the Directors in the share warrants
in issue: 
 
                   2016    2015     
                   No.     No.      
 Jeremy Asher      38,770  39,646   
 Graeme Thomson    23,992  23,992   
 Nigel Quinton     -       18,159   
 Peter Blakey      -       25,453   
 Philip Swatman    -       7,997    
 Peter Taylor      23,992  25,453   
 Total             86,754  140,700  
 
 
The weighted average exercise price of the share warrants was 452.5p (2015:
498.0p) pence with a weighted average contractual life of 1.2 years (2015: 2.2
years). At 31 December 2016 and 2015 all warrants had fully vested. 
 
In its Statement of Comprehensive Income the Company recognised share-based
payment charges of $300k (2015: $2.4 million) 
 
In compliance with the requirements of IFRS 2 on share-based payments, the
fair value of options or warrants granted during the year is calculated using
the Black Scholes option pricing model. For this purpose the volatility
applied in calculating the above charge varied between 82% and 143% (2015: 82%
and 143%), depending upon the date of grant, and the risk free interest rate
was 0.50% and the Dividend Yield was 0% for 2015 and 2016. 
 
The Company's share price ranged between 2.1p and 28.8p (2015: 22.5p and
175.0p) during the year. The closing price on 31 December 2016 was 2.1p per
share. The weighted average exercise price of the share options was 38.0p
(2015: 97.5p) with a weighted average contractual life of 4.38 years (2015:
4.57 years). The total number of options vested at the end of the year was
209k (2015: 104k). 
 
22.          Related party transactions 
 
TM Services Limited ("TM") is controlled by two Directors of the Company, Mr.
Peter Blakey and Mr. Peter Taylor. Included in the Group's operating loss is
an amount of $nil (2015: $79k) paid to TM in respect of charges for office
accommodation and administration assistance which ceased in July 2015. The key
management of the Group comprises the Directors of the Company. There are no
transactions with the Directors other than their remuneration and interests in
shares, share options and share warrants. Further information on Directors'
remuneration is detailed in the Directors' Report and their total remuneration
in each of the categories specified in IAS 24 'Related Party Disclosures' is
shown below: 
 
                                                                                Group      Company               
                                                                                2016       2015       2016       2015       
                                                                                $          $          $          $          
 Short-term employee benefits                                                   860,378    1,095,963  860,378    1,095,963  
 Share-based payments                                                           172,337    1,381,623  172,337    1,381,623  
 Finance interest on intercompany loan accounts                                 -          777,059    728,184    728,184    
 Fees charged with respect to the provision of strategic advice and support  -  99,830     159,666    159,666    
                                                                                1,032,715  3,354,475  1,920,565  3,365,436  
 
 
23.          Control 
 
The Company is under the control of its shareholders and not any one party. 
 
24.          Subsequent events 
 
On 25 January 2017, Tower announced the completion of the sale of its wholly
owned subsidiary, Comet Petroleum Limited, to Red Rio Petroleum Ltd for a cash
consideration of £1, future contingent payments and an over-riding royalty
interest of ten per cent over future production revenue from Comet's assets in
SADR. 
 
Since the 31st December 2016, as noted in Note 13, Wilton Petroleum Ltd is
being liquidated. 
 
On 12 May 2017, Tower announced that it had applied for the suspension of
trading in the Company's ordinary shares on AIM pending clarification of its
financial circumstances and further updates on the Company's farm-out
discussions in relation to the Thali asset. 
 
PROFESSIONAL ADVISERS 
 
Nominated Adviser and Broker: 
 
Peel Hunt LLP 
 
Moor House, 
 
120 London Wall, 
 
London EC2Y 5ET 
 
Solicitors: 
 
Watson Farley & Williams LLP 
 
15 Appold Street, 
 
London EC2Y 
 
Group Auditors: 
 
UHY Hacker Young LLP 
 
4 Thomas More Square, 
 
London E1W 1YW 
 
Registrars: 
 
Capita IRG 
 
Bourne House, 
 
34 Beckenham Road, 
 
Beckenham, 
 
Kent BR3 4TU 
 
Bankers: 
 
Barclays Bank plc 
 
Level 27 
 
One Churchill Place 
 
London E14 5HP 
 
This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange

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