REG - Tribal Group PLC - Final Results <Origin Href="QuoteRef">TRBG.L</Origin> - Part 1

TribalAnnouncement

30/03/2017 07:10

RNS Number : 9548A
Tribal Group PLC
30 March 2017
Tribal Group plc ("Tribal")
Preliminary Results year ended 31 December 2016
Tribal, a leading provider of software and services to the international education management market, announces preliminary results for the year ended 31 December 2016. 
Financial Highlights
 Significantly improved trading performance, ahead of consensus
 Adjusted operating profit for the year up 88% to 4.7m* (2015: 2.5m*) on revenue, as anticipated, of 90.3m (2015: 106.7m); statutory loss of 1.2m (2015: 45.5m loss)
 Annual recurring revenue increased by 7% to 32.4m 
 Annualised operational efficiencies achieved of 9.0m, including 5.8m in year savings; further efficiencies anticipated in 2017
 Strong operational cash inflow during the year of 8.3m (2015: cash outflow of 6.2m) and year end net cash of 8.8m (2015: net debt of 32.5m) 
 Sound financial footing, following fund raising and sale of Synergy business early in the year
* Adjusted operating profit is in respect of continuing operations and is stated excluding "Other Items" charges of 4.6m (2015: 47.8m). Other Items include Share-based Payments, Deferred Contingent Consideration, Amortisation of IFRS3 Intangibles, Profit on sale of Synergy, and Restructuring and associated costs
Operational Highlights
 New Board appointments and management team refreshed during the year
 Group strategy refocussed, delivering a new vision and mission; a new operating model with a simplified organisational structure; and an enhanced product strategy
 Sales capability rebuilt and sales momentum returned; significant new contract wins achieved and healthy sales backlog at year end
 Group increasingly well positioned to take advantage of market opportunity
Ian Bowles, Chief Executive, commented:
"While there remains much to do in driving operational efficiency, I see the business momentum built in 2016 continuing into 2017 and beyond. Our software and services portfolio, market leading position and international customer base provides a strong platform from which to build sustainable shareholder value." 
Ends
For further information please contact: 
Tribal Group plc
Today: 020 7067 0700
Ian Bowles, Chief Executive
Thereafter: 0117 311 5293
Mark Pickett, Chief Financial Officer
Weber Shandwick Financial
020 7067 0700
Nick Oborne
Tom Jenkins
Investec Bank plc
020 7597 4000
Rowena Murray
Sara Hale
Daniel Adams
N+1 Singer Capital Markets Limited
0207 496 3000
Shaun Dobson
CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT
Reflecting on my first full year as Chairman, I am pleased to report that the Group is on a sound financial footing, and has addressed many of its operational challenges. Shareholder value is now being rebuilt in a sustainable manner.
For the year to 31 December 2016, Tribal Group achieved an adjusted Operating Profit, of 4.7m on a revenue of 90.3m (2015: operating profit of 2.5m profit on a revenue of 106.7m).
The combined impact in 2016 of the expiry of the Ofsted Schools contract, the closure of the SLS business, and the disposal of Synergy was a reduction in revenue of 16.4m, and reduced profit contribution of 3.3m compared with 2015. Furthermore, capitalised development costs are significantly lower in 2016 at 1.1m (2015: 4.1m). This reflects the Group's revised product strategy and capitalisation predominantly in respect of new product and platform redevelopment, with all other product development costs being expensed.
However, annualised operational efficiencies of 9.0m have been realised, of which 5.8m are in-year savings, which has driven improved financial performance without impacting the Group's ability to serve its customers or drive its business forward.
Adjusted Earnings per Share increased to 1.9p (2015 - 0.9p), despite a rights issue and other fund-raising activity during the year. Overall, the company made a Statutory Loss of 1.2m (2015 - loss of 45.5m), mainly due to "Other Items" of costs related to previous acquisitions and ongoing restructuring.
In March 2016, I was delighted to confirm Ian Bowles' appointment as Chief Executive Officer, followed by Mark Pickett's appointment as CFO in June 2016. They have swiftly evaluated the business capabilities and markets, and developed a strategic plan that reflects our ambitions for the business. With a refreshed management team, this strategy is being implemented, and will drive efficiencies and meet customers' aspirations for next-generation, cloud-based applications.
Tribal is a leading international provider of Student Management Systems to universities, colleges and schools in the UK, Australia and New Zealand markets as well as elsewhere in the world. We serve a large installed customer base, including many of the world's leading universities and colleges, from which we generate significant recurring annual support revenues; in 2016, there was a 7% increase in recurring revenue to 32.4m, which now represents more than half of the revenues from our Student Management Systems business. In Quality Assurance Services (QAS) we have focussed on optimising delivery efficiencies as we move to the successful conclusion of the Ofsted Early Years contract which concludes in March 2017; our other quality assurance contracts, including North America and the Middle East, continue to trade well.
Following a challenging year in 2015, the new board and executive management team undertook the rebuilding of the Group. The Group's financial position has been restored, providing both financial stability and the funds to invest in the growth of the business. A review of the Group's operations and strategy confirmed that Tribal's software and services portfolio and its market leading position and international customer base provide a strong platform around which to build sustainable shareholder value.
In 2016, the company secured a number of significant contract wins in the Higher Education sector, including, in the UK, the University of the Arts London and Massey and Waikato universities in New Zealand, as well as in newer markets for Tribal, including Malaysia, Canada and Hungary.
Looking to the Future
In 2017, I expect Tribal to continue to secure new clients in Student Management Systems, with a strong pipeline of new opportunities in Higher Education, and the prospect of continued improvement in sales performance.
Revenues will be lower in 2017, as the Early Years contract, performed by our QAS business, will end in March 2017, to be taken back in-house by Ofsted. This will have a significant impact on 2017 outturn, but the adverse effect will, in part, be mitigated by opportunities that exist in other markets for QAS, such as the Middle East and Asia Pacific. In addition, the Group has a sales order backlog of 113.8m (2015: 121.3m), of which 58.1m is expected to be delivered and recognised is 2017.
We expect to realise further cost efficiencies in 2017, which, accretive to the cost efficiencies achieved in 2016, will continue to drive improvements in the overall profitability. At the same time, Tribal is developing a next generation, cloud-based platform for Student Management Systems and is well positioned to leverage its full its suite of offerings as it develops data analytic products to provide greater student insight to improve student engagement.
Although there remains much to do, I see the momentum built in 2016 continuing into 2017 and beyond, as the Group continues to drive cost efficiencies in the business and increasingly looks to take advantage of an international market for Student Management Systems.
Dividends
The Board believes that the payment of dividends is important. It has pursued a progressive dividend policy in recent years, and it is our intention to continue this policy in the future once financial performance supports the payment of a dividend. However, as 2016 has been a year of inward focus to rebuild the company finances, the Board has concluded that no dividend will be declared in respect of 2016.
Board Changes
Ian Bowles joined the Group as Chief Executive Officer on 1 March 2016, having become a Board member on 17 February. Mark Pickett joined the Group as the Chief Financial Officer, being appointed to the Board on 30 June 2016.
Steve Breach, who had been Group Finance Director since his appointment in January 2010, stood down at the end of June 2016 after many years' valuable service. At the end of October 2016, David Egan stood down, having served as a non-executive director and Chairman of the Audit Committee, for 2 years. Since his appointment in April 2014, David guided the company through intensely challenging times. The Board would like to thank David for his contribution to the company and wishes him well for the future.
It was with great sadness that we lost Duncan Lewis, who acted as a Non-Executive Director from June 2015 to the time of his death in March 2016.
I would also like to thank all our employees for their hard work and commitment to the company. The Group has undergone significant change in 2016 and new leadership inevitably brings uncertainty. The support of the employees has been invaluable in bringing the company through this challenging period.
Outlook and Current Trading
We expect overall market conditions and demand for student management systems to remain stable in 2017. While the timing of deal closures and achievement of implementation milestones remains difficult to predict, we are well positioned to continue to benefit from the demand for student systems and upgrades. We have already secured several software and service contract wins in the early part of the 2017. We will continue the focus on reducing our cost base and improving operating efficiency.
Given the factors described above, I expect continued improvement in our profitability during the current year.
Richard Last
Chairman
BUSINESS REVIEW
Significant changes to the Board, a refreshed management structure, and a renewed strategic direction has continued to maintain Tribal as a market leader. Sales momentum has returned, we have gained new customers, and the future development of a next generation, cloud-based platform for Student Management Systems (SMS) will provide a long-term roadmap for new and existing customers.
As a result of the 2015 performance, the Group faced significant financial and operational challenges. In 2016 we have taken decisive action to address these challenges.
The rights issue and directors' share subscription in March and the sale of the Synergy business, completed in April, raised a total of 38.5m (net of costs), and restored the Group's financial position, providing both financial stability and the funds to invest in the growth of the business.
In May, the listing of Tribal's ordinary shares on the Official List was cancelled and the shares were admitted to the Alternative Investment Market (AIM). This followed the Board's decision that AIM is a more appropriate market on which to develop Tribal, bringing the benefit of lower costs, and administration and regulatory requirements that are more appropriate to the Group's size.
Following the appointment of Richard Last as Chairman, and Roger McDowell as Senior Independent Director in November 2015, Ian Bowles was appointed to the Board in February 2016 and became the new Chief Executive Officer on 1 March, and Mark Pickett joined the Board as Chief Financial Officer on 30 June.
The impact of these actions began to materialise through the year, and we can report that financial stability has been successfully restored, coupled with a significantly improved trading performance for 2016 which has left the Group in a stronger, net cash position at the end of the financial year.
Tribal Group has started 2017 well with several significant contract wins. Quality Assurance Solutions (QAS) business has been awarded a contract to provide inspections of 160 schools across Dubai and the Northern Emirates, on behalf of the Ministry of Education (MoE) of the United Arab Emirates, worth over 3m. The Student Management Systems (SMS) business have also won contracts at: the University of Sheffield, for new Student Management System initially worth 4.5m over 3 years; an expansion to the British Council contract to deliver Tribal's cloud-based SMS to additional their English Language centres; and an expansion of the existing New South Wales (NSW) Australia state department contract to deliver additional functionality to schools and TAFEs this year.
Though there remains much to do, the Group is becoming increasingly well positioned to take advantage of the international market for Student Management Systems & Services.
2016 in summary
In the first half of the year, the Group's operations and strategy were reviewed; this reaffirmed that Tribal's software and services portfolio, market leading position and international customer base provide a strong platform around which to build long term shareholder value. A revised strategy was implemented, building a new vision and mission for the Group, a new operating model and product strategy for Student Management Systems, refreshed management team, and a revised organisational structure which provides clear lines of accountability and responsibility.
We also identified areas where we can more effectively align the Group's resources to deliver material cost efficiencies and improve margin without impacting the Group's ability to serve our customers or drive our business forward. We implemented a cost reduction plan and achieved 5.8m of in-year savings, and annualised cost savings of 9.0m by the end of 2016. This has been a key factor in achieving improved profits in 2016, despite the anticipated fall in revenue. We continue to drive further operational efficiencies, and expect further cost savings to be delivered in 2017.
We have made good progress in the year, but there remains a great deal of work to do to ensure we execute our strategy effectively and develop ever closer customer relationships, which will deliver value for all of our stakeholders.
In our chosen regional markets and sectors, overall activity levels for the replacement or enhancement of Student Management Systems remain stable and we continue to see a steady stream of new customer opportunities in the Higher Education sector.
Following the UK Government's decision to permit universities, subject to certain conditions, to increase student numbers, we anticipate that the trend of Higher Education institutions becoming more commercially-focused will continue, and expect future market opportunities to develop in the area of data analytics as universities seek competitive advantage through improvement of the Student Experience. We believe Tribal Group is well positioned to take advantage of this shift in market focus due to its experience in data analytics and Student Barometers gained in its i-graduate line of business.
Fiscal pressures and the need for efficiencies in the Further Education, Vocational Learning and Schools sectors, coupled with initiatives to reform and restructure these areas, will continue to drive demand over the longer term.
Product & Services Strategy
Tribal has a broad portfolio of functionally-rich Student Management Systems at the core of our business, and we will continue to deliver market-leading solutions.
In 2016, we commenced development of a next generation, cloud-based platform for Student Management Systems in the Higher Education and Further Education & Colleges sectors. We are building modular applications using a common architecture and industry standard technology stack, that we will sell to existing and new customers. We will continue to support and invest in all our current product set and safeguard our customers' investment in their existing systems. We have also continued with the development of a new product for schools (SchoolEdge), and sustained our market-leading product for employers and training providers (Maytas), as well as developing complementary service offerings on our Data & Analytics tools, particularly focussed on the Student Experience.
Notwithstanding the expiry of the Ofsted contracts, Quality Assurance Solutions continues to have opportunities to grow and develop its business both in the UK and, more widely, to build on our existing contracts in the Middle East and the USA. We have broadened the offerings beyond School Inspections to include Performance Benchmarking and Professional Development & Training.
We will also seek to bring our services to market more cohesively across our chosen education sectors and geographic markets.
Organisational Structure
Tribal's organisational structure has been simplified to drive improved customer focus, more agile management, responsiveness to local needs, and clear accountability across our business. The beneficial impact of these changes is beginning to materialise, with the new regional organisation structure enabling us to drive efficiencies in our business, reduce overlap and duplication in our development activities, and achieve better multi-product skilling of our implementation resources to simplify and reduce our overheads.
Our UK regional management team has been realigned, and a leadership team has been appointed in APAC. We have also enhanced our sales and marketing leadership. Tribal will continue to go to market globally in the Higher Education sector, reflecting the fundamental characteristics of the university market, but delivery of customer projects will be driven regionally to retain close customer focus.
Our sales capability was rebuilt in 2016, following the loss of sales momentum during 2015, and as a result we secured a number of new customer wins during the year. Our task now is to sustain our new business trajectory, whilst also re-establishing effective account management practices. At the end of 2016 and the early part of 2017 we have secured new contract wins with the University of the Arts London and the University of Sheffield.
We have managed the business through three segments, which are split between UK, APAC and the Rest of the World (RoW):
 The Student Management Systems business focuses on the following market sectors: Higher Education, Further Education Colleges & Employers (referred to in Australia as VET), and Schools , and across 3 main markets, UK, Australia and New Zealand. Product/Offerings are split between License, Support & Maintenance, Implementation, and Hosting & Cloud Operations;
 i-graduate relates to student surveys and analytics, and includes i-graduate, Performance Benchmarking, Specialist Learning Solutions (non-core, and closed in 2015) and Careers Advice (non-core, and closed in 2015);
 Quality Assurance Solutions, including inspection and review services which support the assessment of educational delivery, and includes the Ofsted Schools (ended in August 2016) and Early Years inspection contracts (ending in March 2017).
Cost Reduction
Our overall workforce has reduced by almost 18% to a total headcount of 1,089, down from 1,323 at 31 December 2015.
Of these reductions, around 30% resulted from both the disposal and closure of businesses and winding down of the Ofsted contract, the remaining 70% being the result of specific actions taken to further reduce our costs during the first half of the year, in part to reinvest in the business. The cost savings relating to the cost reduction program achieved 5.8m of in-year savings in 2016, with annualised cost savings, including other, non-headcount related reductions, of 9.0m.
In addition, we have identified further opportunities for cost savings which will drive continued margin improvement in 2017 and beyond. 
Divisional Performance
As detailed above, we managed the business through three segments, being Student Management Systems (SMS), i-graduate and QAS, which are split between UK, APAC and RoW. Towards the end of 2016, management reporting began to align with the new organisational structure.
The Student Management Systems segment comprises the previous Product Development and Customer Services (PD&CS) and Implementation Lines of Business, and relates to all SMS software products that are sold across the market sectors in which we operate.
The i-graduate (previously Professional & Business Solutions) segment was renamed in 2016 as Specialist Learning Solutions (SLS) and Careers Advice had closed in 2015. The QAS segment remained as before.
The operating profit of these three segments has previously been calculated by aggregating all central overhead costs (excluding Group costs), using a general allocation methodology to calculate a central cost allocation for each division which, when applied to the gross margin, resulted in a divisional operating profit. Group costs include Board costs and global roles, and are shown as unallocated corporate expenses of 3.5m (2015: 3.8m).
From the beginning of 2017, we have changed the basis of cost allocation for each of the Lines of Business. We determined that the previous methodology allocated Central costs (which include Finance, HR, Legal, IT, Corporate Services, Marketing and Office costs) in a way that did not represent the level of resource utilised by that business, and accordingly did not provide sufficient insight into the underlying profitability of the Line of Business. We have therefore implemented the following change:
 The segmental analysis of Adjusted Operating Profit will allocate all directly attributable and controllable direct and overhead costs to its business segment; this includes sales costs, attributable office costs, management costs relating to those individuals working directly in that line of business, and product development costs
 Central & Group costs will be the cost of all supporting services which are not attributable to a particular line of business. Central/Group costs include Finance, HR, Legal, IT, General (non-Line of Business specific) Marketing costs, Corporate Services, attributable offices costs and Board of Director costs.
The Central & Group costs will therefore represent the aggregate of all costs which support the Lines of Business, and which are not directly and specifically attributable to each Line of Business. This provides greater transparency into the underlying profitability of each business.
As we have formally moved to this reporting from 1 January 2017, the segmental reporting below is shown in the previous format. For comparison purposes, the analysis is shown by market sector, below, using the existing cost allocation methodology, and the 2016 numbers are also shown using the cost allocation approach in effect from 1 January 2017.
Revenue
(000s)
AdjustedOperating Profit(original)1
(000s)
AdjustedOperating Profit(revised)2 (000s)
2016
2015
2016
2015
2016
StudentManagement Systems i-graduate
QualityAssuranceSolutions
61,007
8,534
20,714
62,701
13,622
30,402
4,724
901
2,532
3,163
229
2,900
12,021
1,007
6,537
TotalLinesofBusiness
90,255
106,725
8,157
6,292
19,565
Central/Groupcosts3
-
-
(3,469)
(3,758)
(14,877)
90,255
106,725
4,688
2,534
4,688
1. Adjusted Operating Profit (original) represents the original costs allocation methodology used for accounts to 31 December 2016
2. Adjusted Operating Profit (revised) represents the cost allocation methodology used from 1 January 2017
3. Central/Group: for Adjusted Operating Profit (original), these are costs previously described as Unallocated Corporate expenses. For Adjusted Operating Profits (revised), this represents all costs which are not directly attributable or controllable by the Line of Business. Costs include Finance, HR, Legal, IT, General (non-Line of Business specific) Marketing costs, Corporate Services and Board of Director costs including all attributable office costs.
Student Management Systems
The SMS division delivers software (licence and development fees), implementation services and related software support (maintenance fees).
Software and related support includes the enhancement and development of existing and new software products. The principal revenues generated are either delivery and development of software licenses or annually recurring support and maintenance revenues associated with the installed software.
Implementation services delivers the technical implementation of our software products at customer sites, typically working alongside customer teams. Implementation projects vary in length, and range from a small number of days, to more than two years for more complex projects. Revenues are typically based on day rate fees, although we sometimes operate under fixed fee contracts for defined implementation scopes.
Revenue
'000
2016
2015
Licenceanddevelopmentfees
Implementation
Maintenancefees
Other
10,840
12,430
32,420
5,317
14,010
12,472
30,304
5,835
Revenue
61,007
62,701
Ofwhich:
HigherEducation FurtherEducation Schools
28,771
16,221
16,015
28,558
18,677
15,466
61,007
62,701
Ofwhich:
UK 
International
47%
53%
57%
43%
100%
100%
AdjustedSegmentOperatingProfit AdjustedOperatingProfitMargin CapitalisedProductDevelopment Expenditure
4,724
7.7%
1,098
3,163
5.0%
4,083
Student Management Systems revenues decreased by 3.2% to 61.0m (2015: 63.0m).
Adjusted operating profit was 4.7m (2015 : 3.2m) and the adjusted operating margin was 7.7% (2015: 5.0%).
The capitalised development costs were 1.1m in 2016 (2015: 4.1m). In 2016, limited capitalisation has taken place, in light of the significant impairments arising in 2015. Reflecting the Group's revised product strategy, it is considered appropriate that the cost of development work relating to statutory/ regulatory updates, local requirements of new territories entered when undertaking work for the first time, bespoke/one- off projects, and Support & Maintenance work is now expensed as incurred, with capitalisation taking place predominantly in respect of new product/platform redevelopment. Accordingly, the capitalised development cost of 1.1m in 2016 relates only to the redevelopment of the SchoolEdge platform (2015: 4.1m, of which 0.7m related to SchoolEdge development).
Higher Education
Within the Higher Education sector, there were significant new customer wins; these include Massey University and the University of Waikato in New Zealand; the University of the Arts London (UAL) whose revenue will start to be recognised in 2017, Tavistock & Portman NHS Trust in the UK; Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP) and Institut Teknologi Petroleum Petronas (INSTEP) in Malaysia; Carleton University, Canada; and Central European University in Hungary, a private university based in Budapest.
We also moved to Preferred Bidder status at the University of Sheffield, a major UK Russell Group university, and the contract was signed in early 2017.
In Australia, we continue to benefit from the acquisition, in March 2015, of Callista, which is performing ahead of our expectations.
Across our university customer base, retention rates remained high, and as a result, our Annual Recurring Revenue base has continued to grow. Maintenance fees in the period were 32.4m (2015: 30.3m), an increase of 7%.
As a result of delayed deal closures at the end of 2015, our Higher Education implementation services activities experienced a slow start to 2016. However, university deal closure momentum has improved over the year, and utilisation levels have improved, enhancing operating margins later in the year. We won a significant implementation contract at Bristol University to upgrade the existing SITS implementation, and Massey University has moved to the next stage of its implementation programme with a major software licence drawdown in the period.
Further Education and Schools
In the Further Education (referred to as VET in Australia/New Zealand) and Schools sectors, the New South Wales Student Administration and Learning Management (SALM) programme has continued to deploy successfully, covering both TAFEs (Further Education colleges) and Schools in New South Wales. Currently, over 1,000 schools are now live on the system (from 229 at 31 December 2015), and work is continuing on the planning for the remaining 1,100 locations. All 138 TAFE campus locations are successfully deployed and are live on our EBS Student Management system. However, in June 2016, the NSW Government made a public announcement that they will be reviewing their student enrolment system and will look to implement a new, cloud-based solution for 2018 enrolments. Tribal continues to discuss the future solution with TAFE NSW but, regardless, TAFE NSW will be a customer through into 2018, and the schools' element of SALM will continue as planned.
Our other schools Student Management product, SchoolEdge (previously called HumanEdge, when acquired by Tribal) is performing well and exhibiting good customer retention rates. We are now well advanced in bringing a refreshed, Cloud-based architected schools management system to this market.
Within our Campus business in the Further Education sector, we are pleased to have recently extended our work with the British Council and have commenced implementation at both UTP and Instep in Malaysia.
Work Based Learning, which provides education software to employers for Professional Learning, had a number of notable contract wins in 2016 including John Lewis, Boots and Wolseley.
i-graduate
Year ended 31 December
'000
2016
2015
Analytics
Careeradviceandguidance
Other
4,976
-
3,558
4,865
808
8,098
Revenue
8,534
13,771
Ofwhich:
UK
International
75%
25%
88%
12%
100%
100%
Adjustedsegmentoperatingprofit
901
229
Adjustedoperatingmargin
11%
2%
The i-graduate division provides a range of services for managers of universities, colleges and schools, so they are able to assess and enhance the quality of the education they provide, and improve their operational performance. Services provided by this division are:
Analytics:
 Student experience analytics (including the international student barometer survey)
Other:
 Operational benchmarking and analytics
 Transformation and change advisory services
 Information management services
 Specialist learning management solutions
 Specialist support services to enhance the provision of education and training.
This division's activities have increasingly focused on those skills and tools that closely relate to our student management systems. Increasingly, we integrate these activities with our software offerings.
i-graduate revenue in the period was 8.5m (2015: 13.8m), a reduction of 38% as we closed our Specialist Learning Solutions and Careers Advice businesses during 2015. International revenues represented 25% (2015: 12%) of total income.
i-graduate adjusted operating profit was 0.9m (2015: 0.2m), and adjusted operating margins were 11% (2015: 2%).
Our analytics work comprising student experience analytics and performance benchmarking, on which our strategic focus for this segment is based, performed well, supported by a NZD $5m contract extension to our benchmarking work in the New Zealand college sector, and a contract with the Lancaster Group of Universities.
Quality Assurance Solutions
Year ended 31 December
'000
2016
2015
Ofstedcontractrevenues
Other
11,620
9,094
19,610
10,872
Revenue
20,714
30,482
Ofwhich:
UK
International
70%
30%
80%
20%
100%
100%
Adjustedsegmentoperatingprofit
2,532
2,900
Adjustedoperatingmargin
12%
10%
The QAS division provides inspection services used by the Office of Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted), the UK government agency responsible for monitoring quality in settings such as colleges, schools and nurseries. These services have also been purchased by government agencies in the US and Middle East. Typically, we provide these services under multi-year contracts, with fixed and variable pricing elements. We also provide complementary services including training for prospective quality assurance inspectors, training and software tools for school leaders to prepare for inspections, online professional development tools for teachers to enhance their professional development, and other similar offerings.
Our Quality Assurance Solutions revenue declined in the period, as previously indicated. Revenue was 20.7m (2015: 30.5m), a reduction of 32%. International revenues represented 30% (2015: 20%) of total income. QAS adjusted operating profit was 2.5m (2015: 2.9m), and adjusted operating margins were 12% (2015: 10%). Non-Ofsted revenues fell to 9.1m (2015: 10.9m), mostly due to lower revenues during the retendering of the NCETM contract (National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Maths), in which we were successful in the award of the new contract.
The reduction in Ofsted contract revenues reflects the successful conclusion of our schools assurance work during 2015. Our "Early Years" assurance work will continue until March 2017 at which point the contract will revert back to Ofsted. We have continued to focus on optimising delivery efficiencies during this run off period, which is reflected in our improved operating margins in that area of the business. Our other work includes quality assurance contracts in North America and the Middle East, which continue to trade well.
Geographic Performance
Revenues generated in Tribal's key geographic markets were as follows:
Revenue
'000
2016
2015
UK
AsiaPacific
NorthAmericaandrestoftheworld
46,469
31,819
11,967
72,350
23,699
10,676
90,255
106,725
Tribal's revenues in the UK have reduced in scale due to two main factors: the expiry of contracted work for Ofsted Schools, revenue of 0.2m (2015: 3.5m), and the disposal/closure of non-core business, including Synergy, Specialist Learning Solutions (SLS) and Careers Advice in 2015, which had revenue of 1.6m and 0.2m respectively in 2016 (2015: 6.3m and 3.5m).
In the Asia Pacific (APAC) region, revenues increased mainly as a result of new contracts in New Zealand (Massey University and University of Waikato), strong performance from Callista and the SALM contract. Reported sterling revenue also benefited positively by approximately 600k due to exchange rate movements.
Consistent with the increasing scale of activities in Australia, the headcount in the APAC region has grown during 2016. As UK service activities have been scaled back, headcount has been adjusted accordingly.
Headcount
As at 31 December
2016
2015
UK
AsiaPacific
NorthAmericaandrestoftheworld
741
323
25
996
309
18
1,089
1,323
Reporting in 2017
In 2017 our products and services in respect of Student Management Systems will be split between License, Support & Maintenance (which were previously combined in PD&CS), Implementation and Hosting/Cloud Services (separating Hosting and other related services from Implementation); they will continue to be reported against the three market sectors described above. 
In respect of i-graduate (previously Professional & Business Solutions) division, Performance Benchmarking will move to QAS in 2017.
The QAS division will remain as before, but with the addition of Performance Benchmarking in 2017.
Ian Bowles
Chief Executive Officer
FINANCIAL REVIEW
The Group achieved a significantly improved trading result on lower revenue. Financial stability was restored, following a fully subscribed rights issue and the disposal of Synergy. Annually recurring revenues increased to 32.4m compared to 30.3m in 2015. A program of cost reduction delivered 9.0m of annualised cost efficiencies. Net cash improved by 41.3m.
Overview
In the year ending 31 December 2016, the Group's revenue from continuing operations was 90.3m (2015: 106.7m). Adjusted Operating Profit increased by 88% to 4.7m (2015: 2.5m) and adjusted operating profit margin improved to 5.2% (2015:2.3%). To improve understanding of the underlying performance of the business, these numbers are adjusted for certain items, including Share-based Payments, as detailed below.
Adjusted profit before tax was 4.2m (2015: 1.5m) and adjusted diluted earnings per share were 1.9p (2015: 0.9p). The company made a statutory loss after tax of 1.2m (2015: loss of 45.5m).
At the end of the year the Group had net cash of 8.8m (2015: net debt of 32.5m).
Result of Operations
Revenue 
Year ended
31 December
m
2016
2015
Revenue
90.3
106.7
Revenue as expected was lower by 15% at 90.3m in the year (2015: 106.7m). The key factors were: QAS revenue reduced to 20.7m (2015: 30.5m) mostly due to the expiry of the Ofsted schools inspection contract in August 2015 which contributed revenues of 8.4m in 2015; revenues from Synergy, disposed of in March 2016, fell to 1.6m (2015: 6.3m); revenues following the closure of the SLS and Careers Advice business in 2015 fell to 0.2m in 2016 (2015: 3.5m).
Across our university and college customer base, retention rates remained high, and as a result, our Annual Recurring Revenue base has increased by 7% in 2016, to 32.4m (2015: 30.3m). Software licences and development fees reduced in the year to 10.8m (2015: 14.2m). Annually Recurring Revenues now represent 53% of the total revenue from our Student Management Systems business (2015: 48%).
International revenues continued to increase; in 2016, revenue from outside the UK was 43.8m (2015: 34.4m), and increase of 27%, and representing 48% of our total revenues (2015: 32%).
Adjusted Operating Profit
Year ended
31 December
m
2016
2015
Adjustingoperatingprofit
4.7
2.5
The Adjusted Operating Profit was 4.7m (2015: 2.5m). Higher margin recurring revenues and improved operational efficiencies drove an increase in Gross Profit Margin to 43% (2015: 36%), and a program of headcount reduction and other cost savings was implemented during the year which delivered 5.8m of in-year savings. This will benefit future periods with annualised cost savings of 9.0m.
There was a negative impact of 5.8m on earnings in 2016 compared to 2015, as a combined result of the expiry of the Ofsted contract in 2015, the closure of the non-core SLS and Careers Advice business, and the disposal of Synergy in March 2016.
Additionally, the improved Adjusted Operating Profit is after a reduction in capitalised development costs compared to the prior year which materially impacted 2016 performance.
Capitalised development costs are significantly lower in 2016 at 1.1m (2015: 4.1m), reflecting the Group's revised product strategy and capitalisation treatment, with the majority of development costs expensed in the current year (see Development Costs below).
The impact on Adjusted Operating Profit of foreign exchange movement was a gain of 0.7m (2015: gain of 0.2m).
Items excluded from adjusted profit figures
Certain items not directly related to the trading business or regarded as exceptional in nature have been removed from the adjusted profit figure and disclosed as "Other Items" on the Income Statement. The main adjustments are as follows:
 Share-based Payments
In 2016, Share-based payment charges (including employer related taxes) of 1.0m (2015: credit of 0.4m) are excluded from the Adjusted Operating profit. In 2015, these charges were included in the overall trading numbers, but given the variance in the level of charge, the amounts will now be shown under "Other Items" to provide greater understanding of the Group's underlying performance, and accordingly the 2015 number are restated. The charges in the current year relate to the matching shares granted as part of the rights issue and share subscriptions in April 2016 (0.5m) and the Long Term Incentive Plan options (LTIPs) which were granted to the new executive management team at the end of June 2016 (0.4m) plus employer related taxes (0.1m).
 Deferred Contingent Consideration
The movement in deferred consideration of a 0.6m charge (2015: credit of 1.0m) represents changes in the deferred contingent consideration payments expected to be paid as part of the earnouts on acquisitions. During the year, a final payment was made in respect of deferred consideration payable on the acquisition of i-Graduate, which resulted in an additional charge of 0.6m, and the expected fair value of the settlement of deferred consideration relating to Sky Software (now renamed Tribal Campus) resulted in no overall charge.

In March 2017, Tribal signed a variation to the Share Purchase Agreement with the vendors of Tribal Campus, which amended the terms of the deferred contingent consideration payments. Under the variation, it was agreed that a combination of cash, shares and share options would be paid/issued in full and final settlement of all contingent obligations under the Agreement. The impact of this variation has been reflected in these financial statements.
 Amortisation of IFRS3 Intangibles
The amortisation charge in relation to IFRS3 intangible assets of 1.9m (2015: 1.7m) arose from separately identifiable assets recognised as part of previous acquisitions. The assets principally relate to software and customer relationships and are amortised over their expected life which was determined in the year the acquisition took place.
 Profit on sale of Synergy
The Synergy business was disposed of for a net consideration of 19.4m (after adjustments for working capital). Goodwill of 19.1m was apportioned to the disposal resulting in a profit on disposal of 0.3m recognised in the year (see Disposal of Synergy, below).
 Restructuring and associated costs
These costs relate to the restructuring of the Group's operations. The restructuring program was executed in the first half of 2016 and amounts include a charge for redundancy costs of 1.2m (including the costs of termination of the previous Executive Directors' employment contracts of 0.3m) and consolidation of the Group's office portfolio of 0.5m.
Statutory loss for the year
The statutory loss for the year reduced in 2016 to 1.2m (2015: 45.5m). The prior year loss included an impairment charge of 38.8m to goodwill and 8.0m in relation to capitalised product development expenditure. Management have performed an impairment review at 31 December 2016 and no impairment charge is required in the year ended 31 December 2016.
Development Costs
2016
(m)
2015
(m)
SchoolEdge
OtherProducts
CapitalisedDevelopmentCost
1.1
-
1.1
0.7
3.4
4.1
The capitalised development cost fell significantly in 2016 to 1.1m (2015: 4.1m), which relates only to the development of the SchoolEdge platform. Reflecting the Group's revised product strategy, it is considered appropriate that the cost of development work relating to statutory/regulatory updates, local requirements of new territories when undertaking work for the first time, and bespoke or one-off projects, is now expensed as incurred, with capitalisation taking place predominantly in respect of new product and platform redevelopment where the Group expects ongoing future revenue to be received.
Disposal of Synergy
On 1 April 2016, the Group disposed of its Synergy children's services management information system business to Servelec Group plc for total consideration of 20.3m (19.4m after adjustments for working capital).
During 2016, the Synergy business generated revenues of 1.6m (2015: 6.3m) The business delivered an operating profit 0.7m in 2016 (2015: 2.7m), stated before allocation of costs of central support services which have not transferred to Servelec Group plc. These non-transferring activities include IT services, HR, finance, legal, marketing and head office costs.
It is noted that two of the Group's directors, Richard Last and Roger McDowell, are also directors of Servelec Group plc. Given the conflict arising, neither director participated in the Board's consideration of the disposal of Synergy. Additionally, the Group has provided warranties and indemnities against certain liabilities as part of the disposal. The Group believes that the likelihood of a material liability arising from such warranties provided is remote.
Net Finance Costs
Overall financing costs were 1.0m (2015: 2.1m). Financing costs on the Group's loan facility decreased to 0.6m (2015 -1.1m) following the streamlining of banking facilities to better match the Group's ongoing requirements. The Group now has available a revolving credit line of 25m with Lloyds Banking Group and Clydesdale Bank, incorporating overdraft facilities and bank guarantee lines, committed until June 2018. Other financing costs reduced to 0.4m (2015: 1.0m) following reductions in the unwinding of discounts on deferred consideration and the fees associated with the waiver of loan covenants.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
The Group monitors its performance using the following KPIs:
 Revenue: 90.3m (2015: 106.7m)
 Adjusted: Operating margin: 5.2% (2015: 2.3%)
 Backlog: 113.8m (2015: 121.3m)
 Staff Retention: 84% (2015: 86%)
 Adjusted Operating profit: 4.7m (2015: 2.5m)
 Annually Recurring Revenue: 32.4m (2015: 30.3m)
 Cash Conversion: 115% (442)%
 Revenue per Employee: 87k (2015: 85k)
Going concern
Following the strengthening of the balance sheet, the Directors are confident that the Group has sufficient financial resources for its foreseeable requirements being a period in excess of 12 months from the approval of the annual report and financial statements. Tribal maintains appropriate cash balances, and has a revolving credit facility of 25m that is committed until June 2018 of which 6.5m is allocated for trading guarantees with customers as at 31 December 2016.
The Group's software products benefit from a significant installed customer base, whilst its other activities are typically delivered under the framework of long-term contracts. Collectively, the Group has a range of customers across different geographic areas, good levels of committed income and a pipeline of new opportunities. The Group's forecasts and projections, which allow for reasonable possible changes in trading performance, show that the Group will be cash generative across the forecast period.
The Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
Taxation
The corporation tax on Adjusted Profits was 0.9m (2015: 0.6m) and the adjusted effective tax rate was 21% (2015: 42%). This includes the impact of higher rates of taxation arising in overseas jurisdictions.
The corporation tax on Statutory Profits was 0.3m (2015: credit of 1.9m) and the effective tax rate was 34% (2015: credit of 4%).
As the group continues to grow its activities in international jurisdictions that operate with a higher rate of corporation tax, it is anticipated that the tax charges on profits in the near- to medium-term future is likely to be higher than the standard rate of UK corporation tax.
Share Capital
On 4 April 2016, the company undertook a successful rights issue, resulting in the issuance of 94,849,241 shares. On 19 April, a further 5,681,817 subscription shares were issued. As at 31 December, there were 195,380,299 shares issued.
Earnings per share
Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations before other costs, the results of businesses disposed of, and intangible asset impairment charges and amortisation, which reflects the Group's underlying trading performance, increased to 1.9p (2015: 0.9p).
The weighted average number of shares outstanding (in '000s) for dilution calculations was 168,755 (2015: 94,435).
Shareholder returns & dividends
The Board of Directors continues to believe that the payment of dividends is important, and has pursued a progressive dividend policy in recent years. It is the Board's intention to continue this policy when it is supported by the financial performance. In light of the rights issue in 2016 and taking into account the requirement to sustain the level of investment in the business to drive further shareholder value, the Board has concluded that no dividend will be declared in respect of 2016.
Impact of IFRS15
The Group is required to implement a new accounting standard, IFRS 15 'Revenue from contracts with customers', from 1 January 2018. The Group is currently assessing the new standard and does not expect to be able to quantify the impact of any potential changes until later in 2017. Our initial work indicates that there may be changes to the timing of the recognition of license-related revenue. It is not anticipated that there will be significant changes to the timing of the recognition of Implementation or Support & Maintenance revenue.
Net Cash and Cashflow
 
Yearended
31 December
m
2016
2015
NetCash/(debt)
8.8
(32.5)
The Group moved to a net cash position during the year with an end of year balance of 8.8m (2015: net debt 32.5m) primarily due to proceeds from the rights issue, directors' share subscriptions and the disposal of Synergy, which together totalled 38.5m, net of costs. The other main movements in cashflow were as follows:
 Net Cash generated from operating activities 
Operating cash inflow for the period was 8.3m (2015: outflow of 6.2m), which included improvement in working capital requirements of 1.6m. Free Cash Flow (calculated as Operating cash flow less Capital Expenditure less Capitalised Development was 5.9m (2015: (13.0)m)
 Capital Expenditure
Capital expenditure totalled 2.4m (2015: 6.8m), comprising 1.1m (2015: 4.1m) on software product development and 1.3m (2015: 2.7m) on replacement of IT systems and equipment and office premises.
 Acquisitions & Deferred Considerations
The Group made a total net payments 3.0m during the year in relation to the deferred consideration obligations of previous acquisitions being Campus 0.7m, Callista 0.9m, iGrad 1.7m and a receipt of 0.4m in relation to Human Edge following the return of funds held on escrow.
Sales Order Backlog
The sales order backlog relates to the total value of orders which have been signed on or before, but not fully delivered by, 31 December 2016. This represents the best estimate of business expected to be delivered and recognised in future periods, and is based on the Total Contract Value (TCV) signed between Tribal and the customer, even though customer contracts may contain clauses which, under certain circumstances, may permit customers to reduce their commitment at a future date. Software Support & Maintenance (S&M) revenues are typically subject to annual renewal; due to the high renewal rates, two years of S&M revenues are included in the backlog calculation.
The total sales order backlog of the Group as at 31 December 2016 was 113.8m (2015: 121.3m).
Pension Obligations
As a consequence of certain contract awards, some employees participate in defined benefit pension schemes, the largest of which relates to the Ofsted Early Years inspection contract we entered during the year ended December 2010. Across these pensions schemes, the combined deficit calculated under IAS19 at the end of the year totalled 1.7m (2015: surplus of 0.1m), with gross assets of 10.2m (2015: 8.7m) and gross liabilities of 11.9m (2015: 8.6m). Total actuarial losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income are 1.7m (2015: 0.2m). The Ofsted Early Years contract expires in March 2017, and those individuals working directly on the contract will transfer to Ofsted, under the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) act (TUPE). Under the terms of the contract, they may elect to transfer their pension plan from Tribal to Ofsted.
Financial Risks
The financial risks, which increased as a result of the Group's financial position as at 31 December 2015, have now reduced as a result of management actions in the first half of 2016. The main financial risks the Group faces relate to the availability of funds to meet business needs, where a trading downturn puts a strain on the operating cash flow, credit risk arising from contractual delays or scope changes, fluctuations in interest rates, and foreign exchange risk.
Funding arrangements
The Group finances its operations by a combination of cash reserves from equity capital, retained profits and bank borrowings. The Group Finance team leads treasury management and operates within policies reviewed and approved by the Board.
On 30 June 2016, the Group agreed amendments to the terms of its banking facilities which remain committed until June 2018. The size of the overall credit facility has been reduced from 50million to 25million of which 6.5 million is committed for trading guarantees with customers. The level of the facility is more appropriate for the Group balance sheet. The most significant change to the agreement is that the maximum permissible leverage ratio (measured as the ratio of net debt to EBITDA) must not exceed 2x (previously 3x). The definition of EBITDA has also been defined to exclude certain non-cash and one-off trading impacts that have unfavourable impacts on the calculation. For the foreseeable future, the Group is forecast to operate within the bank covenant requirements set out in the facility agreements, amended with effect from 30 June 2016, after taking in to account reasonably possible downside changes in trading performance .
Credit risk
The Group seeks to reduce the risk of bad debts arising from non-payment by our customers. This risk is closely monitored by the Credit & Collections team, which form part of Group Finance. 
Interest Rate risk
At the end of 2016, Tribal had no bank loan indebtedness (2015: debt of 32.5m). However, the Group is exposed to interest rate risk because entities in the Group borrow funds at floating interest rates. Hedging activities are evaluated regularly to align with interest rate views and defined risk appetite, and forward rate agreements and interest swaps may be used, where appropriate, to achieve the desired mix of fixed and floating rate debt. We have no open derivatives at 31 December 2016.
Foreign exchange risk
Tribal's reporting currency is Sterling. A number of its subsidiaries have different functional currencies, so increases and decreases in the value of Sterling versus the currencies used by the Group's international operations will affect its reported results, and the value of assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.
Tribal's principal currency exchange exposure is to the Australian dollar although as at 31 December 2016, the Group was also exposed to movements in the rates between Sterling and the US dollar, South African Rand, and New Zealand dollar.
The Group Finance team oversees management of foreign exchange risk, and policies and procedures approved by the Board. Where appropriate, forward foreign exchange contracts and options reduce potential financial exposure to an acceptable level. There were no open contracts at the year end.
Contract risk
The Group seeks to reduce the risk on contracts including the risk of failure to deliver, legal claims and onerous financial terms. This risk is mitigated through the use of appropriate legal resource to review contracts and an internal control process for contract approval.
Effect of the decision of the UK to exit the European Union
We do not expect the decision of the UK to exit the European Union (Brexit) to have an adverse impact in the short term on demand for Student Management Systems, and the longer term potential impact remains to be seen and is dependent upon the exit terms agreed. Following the outcome of the Brexit vote, the Group saw some additional benefit in earnings due to the fall in the value of UK Sterling.
Mark Pickett
Chief Financial Officer
ConsolidatedIncomeStatement
Fortheyearended31December2016
Note
Yearended
31December
Otheritems 2016
Adjusted (seenote 3) Total
'000 '000 '000
Yearended
(Restated*) 31December
(Restated*) Otheritems 2015
Adjusted (seenote 3) Total
'000 '000 '000
Revenue
Costofsales
90,255 -90,255
(51,408) -(51,408)
106,725 - 106,725
(68,676) - (68,676)
Grossprofit
Totaladministrativeexpenses
 38,847 -38,847
 (34,159)(4,625)(38,784)
38,049 - 38,049
(35,515)(47,756) (83,271)
Operatingprofit/(loss) 2
Investmentincome 4
Financecosts 3,5
4,688 (4,625)63
 66 66
(595) (398)(993)
2,534 (47,756) (45,222)
49  49(1,083) (1,041)(2,124)
Profit/(loss)beforetax
Tax(charge)/credit  6
4,159 (5,023)(864)
(889) 596 (293)
1,500(48,797) (47,297)
(626) 2,487  1,861
Profit/(loss)fortheyearfrom continuingoperations
Discontinuedoperations
Lossfromdiscontinuedoperations
3,270 (4,427) (1,157)
- - -
874 (46,310) (45,436)
- (80) (80)
Profit/(loss)fortheyear
3,270 (4,427) (1,157)
874 (46,390) (45,516)
Earningspershare
Fromcontinuingoperations
Basic anddiluted  7
Fromcontinuingand discontinuedoperations
Basic anddiluted  7
 1.9p (2.6)p (0.7)p
 1.9p (2.6)p (0.7)p
 0.9p (49.0)p (48.1)p
0.9p(49.0)p (48.2)p
Allactivitiesarefromcontinuingoperations
*Inthecurrentperiodthesharebasedpaymentchargeandmovementintheassociatedemployerrelatedtaxesaccrualhasbeen reclassifiedsotodiscloseinOtheritems.The2015comparativeshavebeen restated.
ConsolidatedStatement ofComprehensiveIncome
Fortheyearended31December2016
Yearended
31December
2016
'000
Yearended
31December
2015
'000
Lossfortheyear
Othercomprehensiveincome/(expense):
Itemsthatwillnotbereclassifiedsubsequentlytoprofitorloss:
Remeasurementofdefinedbenefitpensionschemes 
Deferredtaxonmeasurementofdefinedbenefitpensionschemes 
Itemsthatmaybereclassifiedsubsequentlytoprofitorloss:
Exchangedifferencesontranslationofforeignoperations
(1,157)
(1,706)
290
3,070
(45,516)
(169)
34
(720)
Othercomprehensiveincome/(expense)fortheyearnetoftax
1,654
(855)
Totalcomprehensiveincome/(expense)fortheyearattributabletoequityholdersoftheparent
497
(46,371)
.
ConsolidatedBalanceSheet
Asat31December2016
Note
2016
'000
(Restated*)
2015
'000
Non-currentassets
Goodwill 8
Otherintangibleassets 9
Property,plantandequipment
Retirementbenefitsurplus
Deferredtaxassets
Accruedincome
21,316 
 14,214
 1,981
 -
3,881
 169
38,311
 14,784
3,431
88
3,213
1,126
 41,561 
60,953
Currentassets
Inventories
Tradeandotherreceivables 10
Accruedincome
Currenttaxassets
Cashandcashequivalents(excludingbankoverdrafts) 
83
15,810 
3,605 
 84 
10,260 
133
 20,195
 4,664
-
3,896
29,842 
 28,888
Total assets
71,403 
 89,841
Currentliabilities
Tradeandotherpayables 11
Accruals
Deferredincome
Current tax liabilities
Borrowings
Provisions 
(7,066)
(8,204)
(19,35)
(1,266)
(1,427)
 (941)
(7,043) (9,671) (21,730) (169) (2,160) (3,845)
 (38,256)
(44,618)
Netcurrentliabilities
 (8,414)
(15,730)
Non-currentliabilities
Borrowings 
Otherpayables 11
Deferredtaxliabilities 
Deferredincome
Retirementbenefitobligations 
Provisions 
-
(1,026)
(1,877) (818)
(1,725)
(211)
(34,207)
- (2,119)
(646)
- (2,091)
(5,657)
(39,063)
Totalliabilities
(43,913)
(83,681)
Net assets
27,490
 6,160
Equity
Sharecapital
Sharepremium
Otherreserves
Accumulatedlosses
9,769
14,989
20,879
(18,147)
4,743
21
20,503
(19,107)
Totalequityattributabletoequityholders oftheparent
27,490
6,160
*InthecurrentperiodtheGrouphasreclassifieditsaccruedanddeferredincomebalances,sotodisclosebetweencurrentandnon-currentassetsandliabilitiesrespectively.Thishas noimpactontheresultsforthepreviousyear.
ConsolidatedStatementofChangesinEquity
Share capital
'000
Share premium
'000
Other reserves
'000
Accumulated losses
'000
Total equity
'000
At1January2015
4,743
21
25,757
24,126
54,647
Lossfortheyear
-
-
-
(45,516)
(45,516)
Othercomprehensivelossfortheyear
-
-
-
(855)
(855)
Dividends
-
-
-
(1,794)
(1,794)
Useofownsharestosettleshare-based paymentschemevesting
-
-
1,970
-
1,970
Credittoequityforshare-basedpayments
-
-
(904)
(1,364)
(2,268)
Taxonchargetoequityforshare-basedpayments
-
-
-
(24)
(24)
Transferfrommergerreserve
-
-
(6,320)
6,320
-
At31 December2015and1January2016
4,743
21
20,503
(19,107)
6,160
Lossfortheyear
-
-
-
(1,157)
(1,157)
Othercomprehensiveincomefortheyear
-
-
-
1,654
1,654
Acquisitionofownshares
-
-
(91)
-
(91)
Issueofequitysharecapital
5,026
17,091
-
-
22,117
Costsassociatedwithissueofsharecapital
-
(2,123)
-
-
(2,123)
Chargetoequityforshare-basedpayments
-
-
876
-
876
Taxonchargetoequityforshare-basedpayments
-
-
-
54
54
Transferfrommergerreserve
-
-
(409)
409
-
At31 December2016
9,769
14,989
20,879
(18,147)
27,490
ConsolidatedCashFlowStatement
Fortheyearended31December2016
Note
Yearended
31December
2016
'000
Yearended
31December
2015
'000
Netcashfrom/(usedin)operatingactivities 13
8,274
(6,216)
Investingactivities
Interestreceived
GrossproceedsfromdisposalofSynergy 12
CostsassociatedwithdisposalofSynergy12
Purchasesofproperty,plantandequipment
Expenditureonintangibleassets 9
Paymentofdeferredconsiderationforacquisitionsnetofcostacquired
RepaymentofEscrow(inrespectofHumanEdge)
66
19,421
(872)
(443)
(1,932)
(3,374)
357
49
-
-
(1,679)
(5,138)
(4,510)
-
Netcashinflow/(outflow)frominvestingactivities
13,223
(11,278)
Financingactivities
Interestpaid
Purchaseofownshares
Grossproceedsonissueofshares Costsassociatedwithissueofshares Equitydividendpaid
Feesforwaiverofloancovenant
(Repayment)/drawdownofborrowingsandloanarrangementfees
(460)
(91)
22,117
(2,123)
-
-
(34,500)
(811)
-
-
-
(1,794)
(200)
12,912
Netcash(usedin)/fromfinancingactivities
(15,057)
10,107 
Netincrease/(decrease)incashandcashequivalents
Cashandcashequivalentsatbeginningofyear
Effectofforeignexchangeratechanges
6,440 
1,736 
657 
(7,387)
9,345 
(222)
Cashandcashequivalentsatendofyear 
8,833 
1,736 
NotestotheFinancialStatements
1. General Information
The basis of preparation of this preliminary announcement is set out below.
The financial information set out above does not constitute the company's statutory accounts for the years ended 31 December 2016 or 2015, but is derived from those accounts. Statutory accounts for 2015 have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies and those for 2016 will be delivered following the company's annual general meeting. 
Whilst the financial information included in this preliminary announcement has been completed in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), this announcement itself does not contain sufficient information to comply with IFRSs.
The financial information has been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for financial instruments.
Copies of this announcement can be obtained from the Company's registered office at King's Orchard, 1 Queen Street, Bristol BS2 0HQ.
The full financial statements which comply with IFRSs will be posted to shareholders on or around 21 April 2017 and are available to members of the public at the registered office of the Company from that date, and are now available on the Company's website: www.tribalgroup.com. 
2.Business segments
InformationreportedtotheGroup'sChiefExecutiveforthepurposesofresourceallocationandassessmentofsegment performanceisfocusedonthenatureofeachtypeofactivity.TheGroup'sreportablesegmentsandprincipalactivitiesunderIFRS 8aredetailedbelow:
StudentManagementSystems("SMS")representsthedeliveryofsoftwareandsubsequentmaintenanceandsupportservices (previouslyProductDevelopmentandCustomerServices)andtheactivitiesthroughwhichwedeployandconfigureoursoftware forourcustomers(previouslyImplementationServices);
i-graduate(previouslyProfessionalandBusinessSolutions),representingaportfolioofperformanceimprovementtoolsand services,includinganalytics,benchmarkingandtransformationservices;and
QualityAssuranceSolutions("QAS"),representinginspectionandreviewserviceswhichsupporttheassessmentofeducational delivery.
Inaccordance withIFRS8'OperatingSegments',informationonsegmentassetsisnotshown,asthisisnotprovidedtothechief operatingdecision-maker.Inter-segmentsalesarechargedatprevailingmarketprices.
Revenue
AdjustedSegment
OperatingProfit
Yearended
31December
2016
'000
Yearended
31December
2015
'000
Yearended
31December
2016
'000
(Restated*) Yearended
31December
2015
'000
StudentManagement Systems i-graduate
QualityAssuranceSolutions
61,007
8,534
20,714
62,701
13,622
30,402
4,724
901
2,532
3,163
229
2,900
Total
90,255
106,725
8,157
6,292
Unallocatedcorporateexpenses
(3,469)
(3,758)
Adjustedoperatingprofit
AmortisationofIFRS3intangibles
Otheritems
4,688 
(1,912)
(2,713)
2,534 
(1,686)
(46,070)
Operatingprofit/(loss)
Investmentincome
Financecosts
63
66 
(993)
(45,222)
49 
(2,124)
Lossbeforetax
Tax(charge)/credit
Lossfortheyearfromdiscontinuedoperations
(864) 
(293)
-
(47,297)
1,861 
(80)
Lossaftertaxanddiscontinuedoperations
(1,157)
(45,516)
TheaccountingpoliciesofthereportablesegmentsarethesameastheGroup'saccountingpolicies.Segment profitrepresentstheprofitearnedbyeachsegment,withoutallocationofcentraladministrationcosts,includingDirectors'salaries, financecostsandincometaxexpense.ThisisthemeasurereportedtotheGroup'sChiefExecutiveforthepurposeofresource allocationandassessmentofsegmentperformance.
*AsreportedtotheChiefExecutiveOfficer, in thecurrentperiod the sharebasedpaymentchargeandmovementintheassociated employerrelatedtaxesaccrual are reported asOtheritems.The2015comparativeshavebeen restated.
Revenuesofapproximately13%(2015:18%)havearisenwithinourQASsegmentfromtheGroup'slargestcustomerandrevenues ofapproximately7%(2015:6%)havearisenwithinourSMSsegmentfromtheGroup'ssecondlargestcustomer.
Geographicalinformation
Revenuefromexternalcustomers,basedonlocationofthecustomer,areshownbelow:
2016
'000
2015
'000
UK
AsiaPacific
NorthAmericaandrestoftheworld
46,469
31,819
11,967
72,350
23,699
10,676
90,255
106,725
Non-currentassets
2016
'000
(Restated*)
2015
'000
UK
AsiaPacific
NorthAmericaandrestoftheworld
19,171
22,376
14
41,090
19,853
10
41,561
60,953
*InthecurrentperiodtheGrouphasreclassifieditsaccruedanddeferredincomebalances,sotodisclosebetweencurrentandnon-currentassetsandliabilitiesrespectively.Thishas noimpactontheresultsforthepreviousyear.
TheGroup's revenuesfromitsmajorproductsandserviceswereasfollows:
Continuingoperations
2016
'000
2015
'000
Licenceanddevelopment
Implementation 
Maintenance
OtherSystemsrelated 
i-graduate
QualityAssuranceSolutions
10,840
12,430
32,420
5,317
8,534
20,714
14,504
11,717
30,513
5,967
13,622
30,402
90,255
106,725
3.Otheritems
2016
'000
(Restated*)
2015
'000
ProfitonsaleofSynergy(seenote12)
Otheritemsas(charges)/creditstoincomestatement
-Acquisitioncosts
-Gainonbargainpurchase
-RepaymentofEscrow(inrespectoftheacquisitionofHumanEdge)
-Movementindeferredcontingentconsideration**
301
-
-
357
(607)
-
(198)
405
-
1,020
Acquisitionrelatedcosts
(250)
1,227
-Impairmentofgoodwill
-Impairmentofdevelopmentcostsandrelatedcharges
-
-
(38,802)
(7,989)
Impairmentcharges
-
(46,791)
-Onerouscontracts
-CostsonclosureofSLSbusiness
-Propertyrelated
-Sharebasedpayments(includingemployerrelatedtaxes)*
-Restructuringandassociatedcosts
115 
(33)
136
(1,036)
(1,946)
294 
(823)
210
350 
(537)
Otherexceptionalitems
(2,764)
(506)
Otheradministrativecosts
-AmortisationofIFRS3intangibles
(2,713)
(1,912)
(46,070)
(1,686)
Totaladministrativeexpenses
-Unwindingofdiscounts
-Bankarrangementfeeswrittenoff
-Feesassociatedwithwaiverofloancovenant
(4,625) 
(205) 
(244)
51
(47,756)
(585)
-
(456)
Otherfinancingitems
(398)
(1,041)
(5,023)
(48,797)
Taxonotheritems
596
2,487
(4,427)
(46,310)
* InthecurrentperiodtheGroup'ssharebasedpaymentchargeandmovementintheassociatedemployertaxesaccrual
havebeenreclassifiedsoto discloseinOtheritems.The2015comparativeshavebeenrestated.
** Includedinmovementindeferredcontingentconsiderationare42,000ofprofessionalfeesincurred.
IAS1,paragraph97 requiresseparatedisclosureofsuchitemsthatareconsideredmaterialbynatureorvalue,thattheyrequire separatedisclosureinthefinancialstatements.Assuch,'otheritems'arenotpartoftheGroup'sunderlyingtradingactivitiesand includethefollowing:
ProfitonsaleofSynergy;on1April2016,theGroupdisposedofitsSynergychildren'sservicesmanagementinformationsystems businesstoServelecGroupplcfortotalconsiderationof20.3m(19.4mafteradjustmentsforworkingcapital).Subsequentto theallocationofgoodwillof19.1mandcostsarisinginrespectofthedisposal,aprofitondisposalof0.3mwasrecognisedinthe period.Furtherinformationisprovidedinnote 12.
Acquisitioncosts:duringtheperiod,afinalpaymentwas madeinrespectofdeferredconsiderationpayableonacquisitionof i-graduate,whichresultedinatrueupoftheamountsprovided(0.6madditionalcharge).Inaddition,afurthertrueupinrespect oftheCampusacquisitionresultedinanadditional0.2mcharge.Acquisitioncostsalsoincludesa0.4mrepaymentofescrowin relationtoHumanEdgewhichwasnotpreviouslyheldasareceivableonthebalancesheet.
Otherexceptionalitems:amountsprincipallyreflectthecostsarisinginrespectoftherestructuringoftheGroup'soperations. Therestructuringprogramwasexecutedinthefirsthalfof2016andassociatedcostsprovidedfor.Amountsincludeprovision forredundancycosts,consolidationoftheGroup'sofficeportfolioaswellasthecostsofterminationofthepreviousexecutive directors'employmentcontracts.
Sharebasedpayments:In2016sharebasedpaymentshavebeendisclosedinOtheritems,2015comparativeshave beenrestated.Thenumbersaboveincludethemovementinassociatedemployerstaxesaccrual.
AmortisationofIFRS3intangibles:amortisationarisingonthefairvalueofintangibleassetsacquiredisseparatelydisclosedas otheritems.(2016-1.9m:(2015-1.7m)).
Financingcharges:consistentwiththetreatmentofmovementsindeferredconsideration,theunwindofthediscountondeferred considerationisseparatelypresentedasotherfinancingcostsintheincomestatement(2016-0.2m:2015-0.6m).Inaddition, costsof0.2mwereincurredinrespectofpreviouslycapitalisedbankarrangementfeeswrittenofffollowingtherevisedfinancing agreemententeredintoduringtheyear.
Taxation:thetaxcreditarisingontheaboveitemsispresentedonaconsistentbasiswiththeunderlyingcostorcredittowhichit relatesandthereforeisalsopresentedseparatelyonthefaceoftheincomestatement.
4.Investmentincome
2016
'000
2015
'000
Netinterestreceivableonretirementbenefitobligations
Otherinterestreceivable
12
54
34
15
66
49
5.Financecosts
2016
'000
2015
'000
Interestonbankoverdraftsandloans
Amortisationandwriteoffofloanarrangementfees
Otherinterestpayable
310
60
225
695
272
116
Financingcosts
595
1,083
Unwindingofdiscounts
Bankarrangementfeeswrittenoff
Feesassociatedwithwaiverofloancovenants
205
244
(51)
585
-
456
Otherfinancingcosts
398
1,041
Totalfinancingcosts
993
2,124
6.Tax
2016
'000
2015
'000
Currenttax
UKcorporationtax
Overseastax
Adjustmentsinrespectofprioryears
116
690
309
354
173 
(1,262)
Deferredtax
Currentyear
Adjustmentsinrespectofprioryears
1,115
(816)
(6)
(735)
(2,125)
999
(822)
(1,126)
Taxcharge/(credit)onlosses
293
(1,861)
Thecontinuingtaxchargecanbereconciledtotheprofit fromcontinuingoperationspertheincomestatementasfollows:
2016
'000
2015
'000
Lossbeforetaxoncontinuingoperations
(864)
(47,297)
Taxcreditatstandardrateof20%(2015:20.25%)
Effectsof:
Overseastaxrates
Expensesnotdeductiblefortaxpurposes
Non-deductible goodwillimpairment
Adjustmentsinrespectofprioryears
AdditionaldeductionforR&Dexpenditure
Shareschemes
Movementintaxprovision
Utilisationofunrecognisedtaxlosses
Effect of changes in tax rates
(173)
140
180
-
272
(87)
-
116
(358)
203
(9,578)
(134) 
65
7,776
(263)
(16)
(8)
159
-
138
Taxexpense/(credit)fortheyear
293
(1,861)
Inadditiontotheamountchargedtotheincomestatementacurrenttaxcreditofnil(2015:195,000)andadeferredtaxcreditof 54,000(2015:chargeof219,000)hasbeenrecogniseddirectlyinequityduringtheyearinrelationtoshareschemes.Adeferred taxcreditof290,000(2015:34,000)hasbeen recognisedintheConsolidatedStatementofComprehensiveIncomeinrelation toDefinedBenefitpensionschemes.
TheGroupcontinuestohold anappropriatecorporationtaxprovisioninrelationtotheGroupreliefclaimedfromCareUKfortheyear ended31 March2007,togetherwithotherappropriategroupprovisions.
TheincometaxexpensefortheyearisbasedontheUKstatutoryrateofcorporationtaxfortheperiodof20%(2015:blended rateof20.25%).ThisratereflectsthereductionoftheUKcorporationtaxratefrom21%to20% from1April2015.Taxforother jurisdictionsiscalculatedattheprevailingratesprevailingintherespectivejurisdictions.
FurtherreductionsintheUKcorporationtaxratefrom20%to19%(effectivefrom1April2017)and 17%(effectivefrom1April 2020)weresubstantivelyenactedon26 October2015and6September2016respectively.ThiswillreducetheGroup'sfuturetax chargeaccordingly.Thedeferredtaxbalancesat31 December2016havebeencalculatedbasedontheserates.
7.Earningspershare
Earningspershareanddilutedearningspersharearecalculatedbyreferencetoaweightedaveragenumberofordinaryshares calculated asfollows:
2016 thousands
2015 thousands
Weightedaveragenumberofsharesoutstanding:
Basicweightedaveragenumberofsharesinissue
168,755
94,435
Weightedaveragenumberofsharesoutstandingfordilutioncalculations
168,755
94,435
Dilutedearningspershareonlyreflectsthedilutiveeffectofshareoptionsforwhichperformancecriteriahavebeenmet.Previous shareincentiveschemesvestbasedoncumulativeEPSforathreeyearperiodwiththeearliestvestingbasedontheGroup's resultsforthethreeyearsto31 December2016.Noneofthe721,171remainingshareoptionsthatwereissuedin2014metthe performancecriteria.
Inregardsthedilutedlosspersharein2015and2016,allpotentiallydilutiveordinaryshares,includingoptionsanddeferredshares, areanti-dilutiveastheywoulddecreasethelosspershare.
611,620nilcostoptionsgrantedtoMarkPickett,GroupChiefFinancialOfficerwillveston29 June2017asthisawardisonly subjecttoatime-limitcondition.Inadditionall3,405,996MatchingshareoptionsgrantedtoRichardLastandRogerMcDowellare alsosubjecttoatime-limitcondition.Thesewillvestequallyon1January2017,1January2018and1January2019.
Themaximumnumberofpotentiallydilutiveshares,basedonoptionsthathavebeengrantedbuthavenotyetmetvestingcriteria, is5,367,189(2015:1,531,955).Inadditionthereareafurther3,405,996(2015:nil)potentiallydilutivematchingshareoptionsthat havebeengrantedbuthavenotyetmetvestingcriteriaasat31 December2016.
The adjusted basic and diluted earnings per share figures shown on the consolidated income statement are included as the Directors believe that they provide a better understanding of the underlying trading performance of the Group. A reconciliation of how these figures are calculated is set out below:
2016 2015
Continuing
'000
Discontinued
'000
Total
'000
Continuing Discontinued Total
'000 '000 '000
Netloss (1,157)
n/a
(1,157)
(45,436) (80) (45,516)
Earningspershare
Basic anddiluted (0.7)p
n/a
(0.7)p
(48.1)p (0.1)p (48.2)p
Adjustedearningspershare
Basic anddiluted 1.9p
n/a
n/a
0.9p* n/a n/a
(Loss)/profitfortheyear Earningspershare
2016
'000
2015
'000
2016
'000
2015
'000
Lossfortheyearattributabletoequityshareholders
(1,157)
(45,516)
(0.7)p
(48.2)p
Addback:discontinuedoperations
-
80
-
0.1p
Lossfortheyearfromcontinuingoperations
(1,157)
(45,436)
(0.7)p
(48.1)p
Addback:
AmortisationofIFRSintangibles(netoftax) 
Impairmentof goodwill
DisposalofSynergy
RepaymentofEscrow
Bankarrangementfeeswrittenoff
Sharebasedpayments
Gainonbargainpurchase
Impairmentofdevelopmentcosts(netoftax) 
Unwindingofdiscounts
Otheritems(netoftax)
Movementindeferredcontingentconsideration
1,354
- 
(301) 
(357)
244
858
-
-
205
1,817
607
1,197
38,802
-
-
- 
(279) 
(405)
6,323
585
1,107 
(1,020)
Totaladjustingitems(netoftax)
4,427
46,310
2.6p
49.0p
Adjustedearnings
3,270
874
1.9p
0.9p
*Theadjustedbasicanddilutedearningspersharefiguresfor2015havebeen restatedasthesharebasedpaymentchargeand movementintheassociatedemployerrelatedtaxesaccrualhasbeenreclassifiedsotodiscloseinOtheritems.
8.Goodwill
2016
'000
2015
'000
Cost
Atbeginningofyear
AllocationofgoodwilltodisposalofSynergybusiness
Exchangedifferences
119,542
(19,107)
 2,112
120,239
- (697)
Atendofyear
102,547
119,542
Accumulatedimpairmentlosses
Atbeginningofyear
81,231
42,429
Atendofyear
81,231
81,231
Netbookvalue
Atendofyear
21,316
38,311
Atbeginningofyear
38,311
77,810
Goodwillacquiredinabusinessisallocated,atacquisition,tothecash-generatingunits(CGUs)thatareexpectedtobenefitfrom thebusinesscombination.Thecarryingamountofgoodwillhasbeenallocatedasfollows:
2016
'000
2015
'000
StudentManagementSystems
i-graduate
17,782
3,534
34,777
3,534
21,316
38,311
Goodwillisreviewedatleastannuallyforimpairmentbycomparing therecoverableamountofeachcashgeneratingunit(CGU)with thegoodwill,intangibleassetsandproperty,plantandequipmentallocatedtothatCGU.
The recoverable amount of a CGU is determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations use risk adjusted cash flow projections based on the financial budget approved by management for the period to 31 December 2017. The budget was prepared based on past experience, strategic plans and management's expectation for the markets in which they operate including adjustments for known contract ends (i.e. Ofsted Early Years), contract related inflationary increases and planned cost savings. The budget was extrapolated over an eight-year period with a growth assumption of 2% per annum. Cash flows beyond the budget and extrapolation period were calculated into perpetuity using a growth rate of 2%.
Thisgrowthrateisinlinewiththeexpectedaverage UKeconomylongtermgrowthrate.
Thecashflowsprojectionsarediscountedatapost-taxdiscountrateof12%(2015:14%).Thesinglediscountrate,whichis consistentlyappliedforallCGUs,isdeterminedwithreferencetointernalmeasuresandavailableindustryinformationandreflects specificrisksrelevanttotheGroup.
In2015theGroupsufferedasignificantdownturninitsperformanceoverthecourseofthatyearwhich,togetherwithconservative estimatesofthefuturetradingoftheGroup,ledtomaterialimpairmentstotalling38.8mbeingrecorded acrosstheCGUsas follows:SMS23.6m,i-graduate5.5mandQAS9.7m.QASwasfullyimpaired.
Impairmenttestinginherentlyinvolvesanumberofjudgementalareas,includingthepreparationofcashflowforecastsforperiods thatarebeyondthenormalrequirementsofmanagementreporting;theassessmentofthediscountrateappropriatetotheGroup andtheestimationofthefuturerevenueandexpenditureofeachCGU.Accordingly,managementundertookstresstestingto understandthekeysensitivitiesandconcludedasfollows:
SMSisthelargestsegmentandalsothemostsensitiveThediscountratefor2016wouldneedtoincreaseto17.3%foran impairmenttooccurandthegrowthratereduceto(3.8)% per annum.Fori-graduatethediscountratefor2016wouldneedtoincreaseto 21.2%foranimpairmenttooccurandthegrowthratereduceto(8.1)% per annum. The Directors do not feel these scenarios are likely to occur due to the significant increase required to the discount rate; the Group's strong Backlog of 113.8m relating to the Total Contract Value of booked sales orders which have not yet been delivered (including 2 years Support & Maintenance, where it is contracted on an annually recurring basis); and, the Group's Annually Recurring Revenue of 32.4m from software related maintenance fees in SMS.
Furthertotheimpairmentreview,theDirectorsconcludedthatnoimpairmenthasarisenduringtheyear.
9.Otherintangibleassets
Software
Customer
contracts&
relationships
Development costs
Business systems
Software licences
Total
'000
'000
'000
'000
'000
'000
Cost
At1January2015
6,747
6,600
29,633
4,735
-
47,715
Writtenoff
-
-
(3,268)
(11)
-
(3,279)
Additions
292
185
4,083
1,055
-
5,615
Disposals
-
-
(403)
(86)
-
(489)
Exchangedifferences
(405)
(172)
(30)
(5)
-
(612)
At31 December2015
and1 January2016
6,634
6,613
30,015
5,688
-
48,950
Transfers
-
-
-
-
1,369
1,369
Additions
-
-
1,098
764
70
1,932
Disposals
-
-
(6,994)
-
(35)
(7,029)
Exchangedifferences
1,242
529
360
18
-
2,149
At31 December2016
7,876
7,142
24,479
6,470
1,404
47,371
Amortisation
At 1January2015
924
3,423
16,100
4,019
-
24,466
Writtenoff
-
-
(3,268)
(11)
-
(3,279)
Chargefortheyear
1,248
438
3,364
398
-
5,448
Impairmentloss
-
-
7,989
-
-
7,989
Disposals
-
-
(359)
-
-
(359)
Exchangedifferences
(44)
(61)
5
1
-
(99)
At 31 December 2015
and 1January2016
2,128
3,800
23,831
4,407
-
34,166
Transfers
-
-
-
-
1,084
1,084
Chargefortheyear
1,422
490
1,411
162
166
3,651
Disposals
-
-
(6,504)
-
(25)
(6,529)
Exchangedifferences
489
168
122
6
-
785
At31 December2016
4,039
4,458
18,860
4,575
1,225
33,157
Carryingamount
At31 December2016
3,837
2,684
5,619
1,895
179
14,214
At31 December2015
4,506
2,813
6,184
1,281
-
14,784
Softwareandcustomercontractsandrelationshipshavearisenfromacquisitionsandareamortisedovertheirestimateduseful lives,whichare3-6years and3-12yearsrespectively.TheamortisationperiodfordevelopmentcostsincurredontheGroup's productdevelopmentis3to7years,basedontheexpectedlife-cycleoftheproduct.Amortisationofdevelopmentcostsis includedwithincostofsales;theamortisationforsoftware,customercontractsandrelationships,businesssystemsandsoftware licencesisincludedwithinadministrativeexpenses.
Disposalsofdevelopmentcostofnetbookvalueof490,000correspondtothesaleoftheSynergybusiness(seenote 12). IncludedwithinBusinessSystemsarefinancesystemswithacarryingvalueof1.6m(2015:0.9m).Eachsystemisbeing amortisedoveraperiod ofthreetofiveyearsandhaveanaverageofthreeyearsleft.Upgradestoourfinancesystems,AX2012 andLongview phaseII,areduetocommenceamortisationinJanuary 2017followingasuccessfulrollouttothebusiness.
10.Tradeandotherreceivables
2016
'000
2015
'000
Amountsreceivableforthesaleofservices
Allowancefordoubtfuldebts
14,373
(1,578)
17,700
(655)
Amountsrecoverable oncontracts
Otherreceivables
Prepayments
12,795
-
209
2,806
17,045
42
263
2,845
15,810
20,195
11.Tradeandotherpayables
Current
2016
'000
2015
'000
Tradepayables
Othertaxationandsocialsecurity
Otherpayables
Deferredconsideration
677
3,309
1,453
1,627
2,274
3,405
1,364
-
7,066
7,043
Non-current
Deferredconsideration
1,026
-
Total
8,092
7,043
Otherpayablesaresplitasfollows:
2016
'000
2015
'000
Goodsreceivednotinvoiced
Fundsrestrictedinuse
Othercreditors
246
212
995
424
262
678
1,453
1,364
12.DisposalofSynergy
On1April2016theGroupdisposedofitsSynergychildren'sservicesmanagementinformationsystembusinesstoServelec Groupplc.
ThenetassetsoftheSynergybusinessatthedateofdisposalwereasfollows:
'000
Intangibleassets
490
Tangibleassets
219
Tradeandotherreceivables
1,796
Tradeandotherpayables
(3,364)
Attributablegoodwill
19,107
Netassets
18,248
Cashconsideration
19,421
Costsassociatedwiththedisposal
(872)
Gainondisposal
301
TwooftheGroup'sdirectors,RichardLastandRogerMcDowellarealso directorsofServelecGroupplc;giventheconflictarisingin respectofthedisposalofSynergytoServelec,neitherdirectorparticipatedintheBoard'sconsiderationofthedisposalofSynergy.
Additionally,theGrouphasprovidedwarrantiesandindemnitiesagainstcertainliabilitiesaspartofthedisposal.TheGroupbelieves thatamaterialliabilityarisingfromsuchwarrantiesprovidedisremote.
During2016,theSynergybusinessgeneratedrevenuesof1.6m(2015:6.3m),whichallrelatedtotheStudentManagement Systemssegment,andincluded1.0m(2015:4.1m)ofrecurringsoftwaremaintenancerevenues.
TheSynergybusinessdeliveredanoperatingprofit0.7min2016(2015:2.7m),statedbeforeallocationofcostsofcentral supportserviceswhichhavenottransferredtoServelecGroupplc.Thesenon-transferringactivitiesincludeITservices,HR, finance,legal,marketingandhead officecosts.Additionally,theoperatingprofitfor2016isstatedbeforeexceptionalchargesof nil(2015:1.0m).
13. Notes to the cash flow statement
2016
'000
2015
'000
Operatingprofit/(loss)fromcontinuingoperations
Operatinglossfromdiscontinuedoperations 
Gainondisposal ofSynergy(note 12) 
Depreciationofproperty,plantandequipment 
Impairmentofgoodwill
Amortisationandimpairmentofotherintangibleassets
Sharebasedpayments
Movementindeferredconsideration
Othernon-cashitems
63
- 
(301)
1,506
-
3,651
876
566 
(486)
(45,222)
(80)
-
1,532
38,802
13,437 
(298) 
(1,020) 
(516)
Operatingcashflowsbeforemovementsinworkingcapital
Decreaseininventories 
Decreaseinreceivables 
Decreaseinpayables
5,875
50
4,139 
(2,295)
6,635
478
5,701 (17,203)
Netcashfrom/(usedin)operatingactivitiesbeforetax
Tax received/(paid)
7,769
505
(4,389)
(1,827)
Netcashfrom/(usedin)operatingactivities
8,274
(6,216)
Netcashfrom/(usedin)operatingactivitiesbeforetaxcanbeanalysedasfollows:
2016
'000
2015
'000
Continuingoperations(excluding restrictedcash)
Decreaseinrestrictedcash
7,819
(50)
2,045
(6,354)
Discontinuedoperations
7,769
-
(4,309)
(80)
7,769
(4,389)

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