REG - Castillo Copper Ltd - Significant clay-hosted REE discovery at BHA
15/11/2022 07:00
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RNS Number : 4252G Castillo Copper Limited 15 November 2022
15 November 2022
CASTILLO COPPER LIMITED
("Castillo" or the "Company")
Significant clay-hosted rare earth elements discovery at Broken Hill
Castillo Copper Limited (LSE and ASX: CCZ), a base metal explorer primarily
focused on copper across Australia and Zambia, is pleased to announce that
assays from seven drill-holes across the Fence Gossan ("FG") and Tors Tank
("TT") Prospects, within the BHA Project's East Zone (Appendix A), confirmed a
significant shallow clay-hosted Rare Earth Element ("REE") discovery. Notably,
the results returned up to 2,410ppm Total Rare Earth Oxides ("TREO"), with
high-value Magnet REO representing up to 29.9% of the grade.
HIGHLIGHTS
· Assays from seven drill-holes across FG and TT Prospects, confirm a
significant shallow clay-hosted REE discovery - up to 2,410ppm TREO, with
high-value Magnet REOs representing up to 29.9% of the grade - the best
intercepts comprise:
o 20m @ 1,780ppm TREO (28.9% Magnet REO) from surface including 4m @
2,410ppm TREO from 16m (FG_003RC)
o 7m @ 1,048ppm TREO (29.9% Magnet REO) from 12m (TT_002RC)
o 19m @ 847ppm TREO (29.6% Magnet REO) from surface (TT_003RC)
o 8m @ 773ppm TREO (24.0% Magnet REO) from 48m (FG_004RC)
o 4m @ 732ppm TREO (27.1% Magnet REO) from 24m (TT_001RC)
o 19m @ 661ppm TREO (28.0% Magnet REO) from surface (FG_002RC)
o 32m @ 636ppm TREO (25.7% Magnet REO) from 52m (FG_003RC)
o 28m @ 614ppm TREO (27.8% Magnet REO) from 4m (FG_004RC)
· Assays from FG_001RC are still pending, however, results for
FG_002-4RC delineate an initial 800m strike event starting near FG's eastern
boundary:
o Further, with REE mineralisation open in all directions, and FG circa 4km
long by 1km wide (W-E), the Board has ordered follow up geological mapping,
sampling and auger drilling to target extending the known strike event to the
west
· While cobalt assays met expectations, the new discovery has pivoted
the Board's strategic focus for the current drilling campaign and beyond to
fully understanding the extent of REE mineralisation across the BHA Project's
East Zone
Ged Hall, Chairman of Castillo Copper, commented: "With global demand for REEs
on an upward trajectory, the Board is delighted the assays confirm a new
shallow clay hosted REE discovery within the BHA Project's East Zone. In
particular, the Board notes drill-hole FG_003RC which intersected an aggregate
52m of REE mineralisation. This is a game-changing event for the group, as
exploration efforts moving forward are going to focus on extending known REE
mineralisation, especially at the Fence Gossan and Iron Blow Prospects in due
course."
Clay-hosted REE discovery at BHA Project's East Zone
Figure 1 summarises the best assayed intercepts for TREO:
FIGURE 1: BEST ASSAYED INTERCEPTS - FENCE GOSSAN / TORS TANK PROSPECTS
v 20m @ 1,780ppm TREO (28.9% Magnet REO) from surface including 4m @ 2,410ppm
TREO from 16m (FG_003RC)
v 7m @ 1,048ppm TREO (29.9% Magnet REO) from 12m (TT_002RC)
v 19m @ 847ppm TREO (29.6% Magnet REO) from surface (TT_003RC)
v 8m @ 773ppm TREO (24.0% Magnet REO) from 48m (FG_004RC)
v 4m @ 732ppm TREO (27.1% Magnet REO) from 24m (TT_001RC)
v 19m @ 661ppm TREO (28.0% Magnet REO) from surface (FG_002RC)
v 32m @ 636ppm TREO (25.7% Magnet REO) from 52m (FG_003RC)
v 28m @ 614ppm TREO (27.8% Magnet REO) from 4m (FG_004RC)
Note: Refer to Appendix B & C for full results and TREO conversion factor.
TT_004RC both TREO layers <500ppm
Source: CCZ geology team
Fence Gossan - 800m strike event
As shown in Figure 2 below, drill-holes FG_001-4RC were located at the eastern
end of the prospect, spaced 200m apart in a west-east direction (refer
Appendix B for TREO results plan). Subject to the receipt of assays for
FG_001RC, the results for FG_002-4RC already delineate an initial 800m REE
strike event.
With REE mineralisation open in all directions, the Board has ordered the full
extent of FG's area (circa 4km long by 1km wide) to be geologically mapped,
surface sampled, and auger drilled. The core objective is to extend the known
strike event to the west and identify new targets for drill-testing.
FIGURE 2: FENCE GOSSAN - KEY FOCUS TO EXTEND KNOWN REE MINERALISATION
Source: CCZ geology team
In terms of underlying geology, there are significant magnetite zones at FG
which are directly associated with pegmatites up to 19m thick (refer Figure
3). The final assays returned for FG_002-4RC broadly confirmed the REE
mineralisation, especially from 0 to 20m, is hosted within clay weathered from
pegmatite.
FIGURE 3: PEGMATITE LAYERS PRESENT DRILLHOLES FG_001RC-004RC
FG-001RC FG_002RC FG_003RC FG_004RC
Start End Thick Start End Thick Start End Thick Start End Thick
Band1 1 17 16 1 10 9 1 20 19 -- -- --
Band2 25 32 7 13 14 1 87 101 15 -- -- --
Band3 -- -- -- 36 38 2 -- -- -- -- -- --
Total 23 12 34 0
Notes:
1. Pegmatite layers recorded represent qualitative estimation
during geological logging.
2. Band 1 consists of interbanded, highly weathered pegmatite
and clay weathered from pegmatite.
Source: CCZ geology team
Tors Tank - Diamond core
Three of the drill-holes intersected REE mineralisation at TT from relatively
shallow depths (refer Figure 1 & Appendix B & C). Notably, the
intersected geology is interpreted to be consistent with observations by
previous explorers including Broken Hill North Group(1). Furthermore, the
drilling intersected a geological sequence comprising clay, amphibolite,
schist, gneiss, and pegmatite that appears to be dipping moderately.
The Board is waiting on assays for TT_005DD - an HQ fully cored diamond hole -
completed to 137m that is next to TT_003RC (19m @ 847ppm TREO from surface -
Figure 1) prior to formulating next steps.
Figure 4 shows clay and fresh pegmatites from TT_005DD, while Figure 5 shows
core being cut prior to be being sent to the laboratory for analysis.
FIGURE 4: TORS TANK TT_005DD CORE SHOWING CLAY AND FRESH PEGMATITES
Location: 6460000mN, 570000mE
Source: CCZ geology team
FIGURE 5: CUTTING CORE FROM TT_005DD
Source: CCZ geology team
Iron Blow Prospect - Geological nexus
The REE assays for FG and TT confirm a geological nexus to the Iron Blow
Prospect, which is circa 15km north-west. This conclusion is based on recent
re-assays of diamond core from drill-hole DD90_IB3 (sourced from the NSW core
library) which intersected fresh pegmatite that hosted REE mineralisation - on
a cumulative basis - over 35m(12).
The best intersections were:
· 8m @ 1,460ppm TREO from 150m(2)
· 12m @ 297ppm TREO from 199m(2)
· 6.4m @ 290ppm TREO from 189m(2)
· 4.8m @ 311ppm TREO from 232m(2)
However, to gain an understanding of the geology above 150m, further core has
been cut (from 4m to 82m) which has been sent to the laboratory for detailed
analysis(2). Once returned this should provide solid insights into the
underlying geology over circa 250m (from DD90_IB3), especially if there is
shallower REE mineralisation.
In turn, this will build the case to identify and drill-test priority targets
at the Iron Blow Prospect to determine the extent of REE mineralisation
apparent.
Cobalt mineralisation - Assays in line with expectations
While cobalt was the initial driving force behind the current drilling
campaign, discovering the REE mineralisation potential has shifted the
strategic focus, especially with global demand for REEs on an upward
trajectory.
Nonetheless, cobalt is an important critical mineral and complements the REE
potential now evolving across the BHA Project's East Zone.
Overall, the assay results across FG and TT showed six out of the seven
drill-holes intersected cobalt mineralisation above 150ppm Co which is in line
with expectations (Figure 6). Note, the current inferred Mineral Resource
Estimate is 64.4Mt @ 318ppm Co for 21,556t contained cobalt metal (based on
data from Reefs Tank and Fence Gossan only)(3).
The Board is waiting for the full complement of assay results from the current
drilling campaign to determine if known mineralisation has been extended and
to what degree.
FIGURE 6: COBALT ZONES DRILL-HOLES TORS TANK AND FENCE GOSSAN
Hole From (m) To (m) Width (m) Layer Ag (g/t) Co (ppm) Cu (ppm) Zn (ppm) Comments
TT_001RC 20 28 8 1 0.20 199 1,029 165
TT_001RC 36 39 3 2 0.07 156 772 52
TT_002RC 12 19 7 1 0.51 308 2,205 171
TT_003RC 8 19 11 1 0.12 216 647 142
TT_004RC 4 8 4 1 0.05 243 342 127
TT_004RC 24 40 16 2 0.13 157 991 47
FG_001RC Assay Results yet to be returned
FG_002RC - - - No cobalt zones above 150ppm intersected
FG_003RC 64 72 8 1 0.05 265 301 78
FG_004RC 40 52 12 1 0.04 158 427 102
Notes:
1. Assays represents 4m composite results which are slated for
individual 1m analyses.
2. Lower cut-off for reporting set to 150ppm.
Source: CCZ geology team
For further information, please contact:
Castillo Copper Limited +61 8 6558 0886
Dr Dennis Jensen (Australia), Managing Director
Gerrard Hall (UK), Chairman
SI Capital Limited (Financial Adviser and Corporate Broker) +44 (0)1483 413500
Nick Emerson
Gracechurch Group (Financial PR) +44 (0)20 4582 3500
Harry Chathli, Alexis Gore, Henry Gamble
About Castillo Copper
Castillo Copper Limited is an Australian-based explorer primarily focused on
copper across Australia and Zambia. The group is embarking on a strategic
transformation to morph into a mid-tier copper group underpinned by its core
projects:
· A large footprint in the Mt Isa copper-belt district, north-west
Queensland, which delivers significant exploration upside through having
several high-grade targets and a sizeable untested anomaly within its
boundaries in a copper-rich region.
· Four high-quality prospective assets across Zambia's copper-belt
which is the second largest copper producer in Africa.
· A large tenure footprint proximal to Broken Hill's world-class
deposit that is prospective for zinc-silver-lead-copper-gold and platinoids.
· Cangai Copper Mine in northern New South Wales, which is one of
Australia's highest grading historic copper mines.
The group is listed on the LSE and ASX under the ticker "CCZ."
Competent Person's Statement
The information in this report that relates to Exploration Results and Mineral
Resource Estimates for "BHA Project, East Zone" is based on information
compiled or reviewed by Mr Mark Biggs. Mr Biggs is a director of ROM
Resources, a company which is a shareholder of Castillo Copper Limited. ROM
Resources provides ad hoc geological consultancy services to Castillo Copper
Limited. Mr Biggs is a member of the Australian Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy (member #107188) and has sufficient experience of relevance to the
styles of mineralisation and types of deposits under consideration, and to the
activities undertaken, to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012
Edition of the Joint Ore Reserves Committee (JORC) Australasian Code for
Reporting of Exploration Results, and Mineral Resources. Mr Biggs holds an
AusIMM Online Course Certificate in 2012 JORC Code Reporting. Mr Biggs also
consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on information
in the form and context in which it appears.
References
1) Leyh:
a. Leyh, W.R., 1976, Progress Report on Exploration Licence, No.
846 Iron Blow -Yellowstone Area, Broken Hill, New South Wales for the six
months period ended 29th June 1976, North Broken Hill Limited, Report
GS1976-198, Jul 76, 88pp
b. Leyh, W.R., 1977a, Progress Report on Exploration Licence,
No. 846 Iron Blow -Yellowstone Area, Broken Hill, New South Wales for the six
months period ended 29th December 1976, North Broken Hill Limited, Report
GS1976-198, Feb 1977, 24pp
c. Leyh W.R., 1977b, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration
Licenses 780 and 782, Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the three months to
5th March 1977, North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey,
(GS1977-078)
d. Leyh W.R., 1977c, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration
Licenses 780 and 782, Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the three months to
23rd May 1977, North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey,
(GS1977-078)
e. Leyh W.R., 1978, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration
Licenses 780 and 782, Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the three months to
27 October 1978, North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey,
(GS1977-078)
f. Leyh W.R., 1978 Progress Report on Exploration Licenses
1099 and 1100 for the six months to 27 October 1978, North Broken Hill Limited
for the NSW Geological Survey, (GS1978-407)
g. Leyh, W.R., 1990, Exploration Report for the Third Six
Monthly Period ended 12th June 1990 for EL 3238 (K Tank), Broken Hill
District, New South Wales for the six months period, Pasminco Limited, Report
GS1989-226, Jun 90, 22pp
h. Leyh, W.R., and Lees T.C., 1977, Progress Report on
Exploration Licence, No. 846 Iron Blow -Yellowstone Area, Broken Hill, New
South Wales for the six months period ended 29th June 1977, North Broken Hill
Limited, Report GS1976-198, Jul 77, 35pp
i. Leyh, W.R., and Larson P.D., 1981, Final Report for the
Third Six Monthly Period ended 12th June 1990 for EL 3238 (K Tank), Broken
Hill District, New South Wales for the six months period, Pasminco Limited,
Report GS1989-226, Jun 90, 22pp
2) CCZ ASX Release - 31 August and 31 October
2022
3) CCZ ASX Release - 9 August 2022
APPENDIX A: PROSPECTS IN BHA PROJECT'S EAST ZONE
FIGURE A1: PROSPECTS AT BHA PROJECT EAST ZONE
Source: CCZ geology team
FIGURE A2: BHA PROJECT
Source: CCZ geology team
APPENDIX B: REE RESULTS / TREO CONVERSION FACTOR
FIGURE B1: TORS TANK AND FENCE GOSSAN TABLE OF SIGNIFICANT INTERSECTIONS
>500PPM TREO
Hole From To Apparent TREO TREO-Ce (ppm) LREO (ppm) HREO CREO MREO
(m) (m) Width (m) (ppm) (ppm) (%) (%)
TT_001RC 24 28 4 732.2 527.69 480.31 251.91 40.8% 27.1%
TT_001RC 39 52 13 531.5 288.62 489.73 41.80 21.7% 25.1%
TT_002RC 12 19 7 1,047.5 642.14 788.61 258.90 33.6% 29.9%
TT_003RC 0 19 19 847.0 624.15 506.59 340.45 45.1% 29.6%
TT_004RC 19 24 6 TREO<500
TT_004RC 56 59 3 TREO<500
FG_001RC No assay yet
FG_002RC 0 19 19 660.8 387.06 579.07 81.68 25.3% 28.0%
FG_003RC 0 20 20 1,779.9 1,133.18 1,472.73 307.20 28.9% 28.8%
FG_003RC 52 84 32 635.5 377.12 537.57 97.91 26.7% 25.7%
FG_004RC 4 32 28 613.9 350.25 541.82 72.08 25.2% 27.8%
FG_004RC 48 56 8 773.1 438.41 626.18 146.97 29.5% 24.0%
FG_004RC 60 64 4 539.8 312.58 454.38 85.45 26.3% 25.5%
Notes:
1. Results from FG_001RC not returned from the laboratory yet, but
geological logging has identified clay and weathered pegmatite from 1 to 17m.
2. TT_001RC 39-52m also composite reports 6,388 ppm Ba (Barium); TT_003RC
1,140 ppm Ba.
3. Two of the Lanthanum (La) assay from FG_003R returned >500ppm and
are being re-analysed.
4. Verification has been undertaken by ROM Resources personnel.
5. Sample results from ALS method ME-MS61R, where some REE are not totally
soluble, future 1m assays will use ME-ICP81.
Source: ALS
FIGURE B2: TORS TANK - TREO RESULTS PLAN
Source: CCZ geology team
FIGURE B3: FENCE GOSSAN - TREO RESULTS PLAN
Source: CCZ geology team
FIGURE B4: FENCE GOSAN DRILL COLLARS
Site ID HoleID Easting (GDA94) Northing (GDA94) Tdepth (m) Grid Azimuth Dip Horizontal Hole Type AHD Start End
2022_FG_03 FG_002RC 576550 6453755 110 180 -60 RC 169.6 7-Oct-22 8-Oct-22
2022_FG_04 FG_001RC 576350 6453790 120 180 -60 RC 172.7 4-Oct-22 7-Oct-22
2022_FG_06 FG_004RC 576000 6453835 120 170 -60 RC 176.8 9-Oct-22 10-Oct-22
2022_FG_07 FG_003RC 576700 6453835 160 180 -60 RC 170.1 8-Oct-22 9-Oct-22
Source: CCZ geology team
FIGURE B5: TORS TANK DRILL COLLARS
SiteID HoleID Easting (GDA94) Northing (GDA94) TDepth (m) Grid Azimuth Dip Horizontal Hole Type AHD Start End
2022_TT_01 TT_004RC 571250 6451480 120 180 -60 RC 189.2 3-Oct-22 4-Oct-22
2022_TT_02 TT_001RC 571370 6451395 120 180 -60 RC 191.8 30-Sep-22 1-Oct-22
2022_TT_03 TT_003RC 571425 6451280 140 180 -60 RC 189.1 2-Oct-22 3-Oct-22
2022_TT_04 TT_002RC 571475 6451250 108 180 -60 RC 187.2 1-Oct-22 2-Oct-22
Source: CCZ geology team
TREO conversion factor
Conversion of elemental analysis (REE parts per million) to stoichiometric
oxide (REO parts per million) was undertaken by ROM geological staff using the
below (Figure B6) element to stoichiometric oxide conversion factors.
FIGURE B6: ELEMENT - CONVERSION FACTOR - OXIDE FORM
Rare Earth Element Factor for Conversion Rare Earth Oxide Common Form
Ce 1.2284 CeO(2)
Dy 1.1477 Dy(2)O(3)
Er 1.1435 Er(2)O(3)
Eu 1.1579 Eu(2)O(3)
Gd 1.1526 Gd(2)O(3)
Ho 1.1455 Ho(2)O(3)
La 1.1728 La(2)O(3)
Lu 1.1371 Lu(2)O(3)
Nd 1.1664 Nd(2)O(3)
Pr 1.2083 Pr(6)O(11)
Sm 1.1596 Sm(2)O(3)
Tb 1.1762 Tb(4)O(7)
Tm 1.1421 Tm(2)O(3)
Y 1.2699 Y(2)O(3)
Yb 1.1387 Yb(2)O(3)
Rare earth oxide is the industry accepted form for reporting rare earths. The
following calculations are used for compiling REO into their reporting and
evaluation groups:
· TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxide) = La(2)O(3) + CeO(2) + Pr(6)O(11) +
Nd(2)O(3) + Sm(2)O(3) + Eu(2)O(3) + Gd(2)O(3) + Tb(4)O(7) + Dy(2)O(3) +
Ho(2)O(3) + Er(2)O(3) + Tm(2)O(3) + Yb(2)O(3) + Y(2)O3 + Lu(2)O(3).
· TREO-Ce = TREO - CeO(2)
· LREO (Light Rare Earth Oxide) = La(2)O(3) + CeO(2) + Pr(6)O(11) +
Nd(2)O(3) + Sm(2)O(3)
· HREO (Heavy Rare Earth Oxide) = Eu(2)O(3) + Gd(2)O(3) + Tb(4)O(7) +
Dy(2)O(3) + Ho(2)O(3) + Er(2)O(3) + Tm(2)O(3) + Yb(2)O(3) + Y(2)O(3) +
Lu(2)O(3)
· CREO (Critical Rare Earth Oxide) = Nd(2)O(3) + Eu(2)O(3) + Tb(4)O(7)
+ Dy(2)O(3) + Y(2)O(3)
· MREO (Magnetic Rare Earth Oxide) = Pr(6)O(11) + Nd(2)O(3) + Sm(2)O(3)
+ Gd(2)O(3) + Tb(4)O(7) + Dy(2)O(3).
Total Rare Earth Oxides (TREO):
To calculate TREO an oxide conversion "factor" is applied to each rare-earth
element assay.
The "factor" equates an elemental assay to an oxide concentration for each
element. Below is an example of the factor calculation for Lanthanum (La).
Relative Atomic Mass (La) = 138.9055
Relative Atomic Mass (O) = 15.9994
Oxide Formula = La(2)O(3)
Oxide Conversion Factor = 1/ ((2x 138.9055)/(2x 138.9055 + 3x 15.9994)) Oxide
Conversion Factor = 1.173 (3 decimal places)
APPENDIX C: QUALITATIVE DRILL LOGS
FIGURE 2: TORS TANK/ FENCE GOSSAN - QUALITATIVE MINERALS LOG AT DRILL-HOLES
Borehole From (m) To (m) Apparent Thick. (m) Magnetite Epidote (%) Chlorite (%) Sulphides (%) Comments
(%)
TT_001RC 1 21 20 1-5 0 1-3 1-3 Amphibolite, sulphides (mostly pyrite) & trace chalcopyrite
TT_001RC 25 38 13 1-12 0 0 0 Pegmatite & clay
TT_001RC 66 75 9 0 0-2 1-3 1-3 Schist & sulphides (pyrite)
TT_001RC 110 118 8 1-3 0 1-3 0-1 Schist, Iron oxide & haematite (1-3%)
TT_002RC 4 13 9 2-40 0 0 0-2 Clayey amphibolite & haematite (2-15%)
TT_002RC 26 30 4 1-5 0 0 0 Clay & schist
TT_002RC 44 47 3 1-5 0 0-1 0-1 Pegmatite
TT_002RC 79 80 1 0 0 1-2 1-3 Pyrite band
TT_003RC 8 30 22 3-40 1-2 1-3 1-4 Clay & amphibolite
TT_003RC 72 79 7 1-10 0 1-2 0-1 In schist
TT_003RC 106 132 26 0 1-3 1-3 1-5 Mostly schist & gneiss
TT_004RC 1 6 5 1-5 0 0 0 Amphibolite
TT_004RC 21 44 23 1-30 0 0 0 Amphibolite & schist
TT_004RC 97 104 7 1-5 0 0 0 Schist
TT_004RC 108 114 6 0 1-3 0-1 1-4 Schist & sulphides (mostly pyrite)
FG_001RC 0 No amphibolite logged
FG_002RC 88 94 6 0 1-5 0-3 1-6 In schist, no amphibolite logged in hole
FG_003RC 102 111 9 1-10 0 1-3 1-3 Amphibolite and gneiss
FG_003RC 120 124 4 0 1-10 0-3 0 In schist
FG_004RC 34 48 14 1-15 0-1 2-5 2-5 Amphibolite
FG_004RC 65 82 17 1-10 0 0-5 1-3 Amphibolite
Note: Ranges of minerals represent qualitative estimation during geological
modelling. Source: CCZ geology team
APPENDIX D: JORC CODE, 2012 EDITION - TABLE
Section 1: Sampling Techniques and Data
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Sampling techniques Nature and quality of sampling (e.g., cut channels, random chips, or specific Diamond Drilling (DDH)
specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals
under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF Diamond drilling of HQ diameter (TT_005DD) was completed to 137m recently in
instruments, etc.). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad the current program and was located 5m away from a RC hole already drilled
meaning of sampling. (TT_003RC).
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the Reverse Circulation ('RC') Drilling
appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
RC drilling at Fence Gossan was used to obtain a representative sample by
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public means of riffle splitting with samples submitted for analysis using the
Report. above-mentioned methodologies.
In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively Four (4) holes for a total of 516m have been completed to the 10(th) October
simple (e.g., 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples 2022, all at the Fence Gossan Prospect.
from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30g charge for fire assay'). In
other cases, more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse One (1) hole to 120m has been completed at Reefs Tank and the others are in
gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or progress.
mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed
information. The RC drilling technique was used to obtain a representative sample by means
of a cone or riffle splitter with samples submitted for assay by mixed acid
digestion and analysis via ICP-MS + ICP-AES with anticipated reporting a suite
of 48 elements (sulphur >10% by LECO).
Drilling techniques Drill type (e.g., core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air Historical drilling consists of auger, rotary air blast, reverse circulation,
blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc.) and details (e.g. core diameter, triple or and NQ, BQ, and HQ diamond coring. One cored hole of NQ or BQ diameter will
standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, be completed after all the RC holes have been completed.
whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc.).
Diamond drilling will be completed with standard diameter, conventional HQ and
NQ with historical holes typically utilizing RC and percussion pre-collars to
an average 30 metres (see Drillhole Information for further details).
Drill sample recovery Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results Reverse Circulation ('RC') Drilling - Reverse circulation sample recoveries
assessed. were visually estimated during drilling programs. Where the estimated sample
recovery was below 100% this was recorded in field logs by means of
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of qualitative observation.
the samples.
Reverse circulation drilling employed sufficient air (using a compressor and
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether booster) to maximise sample recovery.
sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse
material. Historical cored drillholes were well documented and generally have >90%
core recovery.
No relationship between sample recovery and grade has been observed.
Logging Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged The drilling that did occur was completed to modern-day standards. The
to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, preferred exploration strategy in the eighties and early nineties was to drill
mining studies and metallurgical studies. shallow auger holes to negate the influence of any Quaternary and Tertiary
sedimentary cover, and then return to sites where anomalous Cu or Zn were
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, assayed. In this program at all three areas holes were completed to varying
channel, etc) photography. depths ranging from 100-160m.
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. No downhole geophysical logging took place; however, measurements of magnetic
susceptibility were taken at the same 1m intervals as the PXRF readings were
taken.
Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. Core samples will be hand-split or sawn with re-logging of available
historical core indicating a 70:30 (retained: assayed) split was typical. The
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether variation of sample ratios noted are considered consistent with the
sampled wet or dry. sub-sampling technique (hand-splitting).
For all sample types, the nature, quality, and appropriateness of the sample No second half samples will be submitted for analysis, but duplicates have
preparation technique. been taken at a frequency of 1:20 in samples collected.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise It is considered water planned to be used for core cutting is unprocessed and
representivity of samples. unlikely to have introduced sample contamination.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ Procedures relating to the definition of the line of cutting or splitting are
material collected, including for instance results for field not available. It is expected that 'standard industry practice' for the
duplicate/second-half sampling. period was applied to maximize sample representivity.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being Quarter core will be submitted to ALS for chemical analysis using industry
sampled. standard sample preparation and analytical techniques.
The sample interval details and grades quoted for cored intervals described in
various maps in the main section are given in previous ASX releases (Castillo
Copper 2022a, b, c, d, e, f).
Quality of assay data and laboratory tests The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory The following rare earth elements were analysed using ME-MS61R
procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.
Sample Decomposition is by HF-HNO(3)-HClO(4) acid digestion,
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the
parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and HCl leach (GEO-4A01). The Analytical Method for Silver is shown below:
model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Silver Ag ppm 0.01 100
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks,
duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of
Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES)
accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established. Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
Aprepared sample (0.25 g) is digested with perchloric, nitric, hydrofluoric,
and hydrochloric acids. The residue is topped up with dilute hydrochloric acid
and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Following this analysis, the results are reviewed for high concentrations of
bismuth, mercury, molybdenum, silver, and tungsten and diluted accordingly.
Samples meeting this criterion are then analyzed by inductively coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry. Results are corrected for spectral interelement
interferences.
Four acid digestions can dissolve most minerals: however, although
the term "near total" is used, depending on the sample matrix, not all
elements are quantitatively extracted.
Results for the additional rare earth elements will represent the acid
leachable portion of the rare earth elements and as such, cannot be used, for
instance to do a chondrite plot.
Geochemical Procedure
Element geochemical procedure reporting units and limits are listed below:
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.05 10 000
Sodium Na % 0.01 10
Niobium Nb ppm 0.1 500
Nickel Ni ppm 0.2 10 000
Phosphorous P ppm 10 10 000
Lead Pb ppm 0.5 10 000
Rubidium Rb ppm 0.1 10 000
Rhenium Re ppm 0.002 50
Sulphur S % 0.01 10
Antimony Sb ppm 0.05 10 000
Scandium Sc ppm 0.1 10 000
Selenium Se ppm 1 1 000
Tin Sn ppm 0.2 500
Strontium Sr ppm 0.2 10 000
Tantalum Ta ppm 0.05 100
Tellurium Te ppm 0.05 500
Thorium Th ppm 0.2 10 000
Titanium Ti % 0.005 10
Thallium Tl ppm 0.02 10 000
Uranium U ppm 0.1 10 000
Vanadium V ppm 1 10 000
Tungsten W ppm 0.1 10 000
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Yttrium Y ppm 0.1 500
Zinc Zn ppm 2 10 000
Zirconium Zr ppm 0.5 500
Dysprosium Dy ppm 0.05 1 000
Erbium Er ppm 0.03 1 000
Europium Eu ppm 0.03 1 000
Gadolinium Gd ppm 0.05 1 000
Holmium Ho ppm 0.01 1 000
Lutetium Lu ppm 0.01 1 000
Neodymium Nd ppm 0.1 1 000
Praseodymium Pr ppm 0.03 1 000
Samarium Sm ppm 0.03 1 000
Terbium Tb ppm 0.01 1 000
Thulium Tm ppm 0.01 1 000
Ytterbium Yb ppm 0.03 1 000
Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES)
Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
A prepared sample (0.25 g) is digested with perchloric, nitric, hydrofluoric,
and hydrochloric acids. The residue is topped up with dilute hydrochloric acid
and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Following this analysis, the results are reviewed for high concentrations of
bismuth, mercury, molybdenum, silver, and tungsten and diluted accordingly.
Samples meeting this criterion are then analyzed by inductively coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry. Results are corrected for spectral interelement
interferences.
Four acid digestions can dissolve most minerals: however, although
the term "near total" is used, depending on the sample matrix, not all
elements are quantitatively extracted.
Results for the additional rare earth elements will represent the acid
leachable portion of the rare earth elements and as such, cannot be used, for
instance to do a chondrite plot.
Geochemical Procedure
Element geochemical procedure reporting units and limits are listed below:
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.05 10 000
Sodium Na % 0.01 10
Niobium Nb ppm 0.1 500
Nickel Ni ppm 0.2 10 000
Phosphorous P ppm 10 10 000
Lead Pb ppm 0.5 10 000
Rubidium Rb ppm 0.1 10 000
Rhenium Re ppm 0.002 50
Sulphur S % 0.01 10
Antimony Sb ppm 0.05 10 000
Scandium Sc ppm 0.1 10 000
Selenium Se ppm 1 1 000
Tin Sn ppm 0.2 500
Strontium Sr ppm 0.2 10 000
Tantalum Ta ppm 0.05 100
Tellurium Te ppm 0.05 500
Thorium Th ppm 0.2 10 000
Titanium Ti % 0.005 10
Thallium Tl ppm 0.02 10 000
Uranium U ppm 0.1 10 000
Vanadium V ppm 1 10 000
Tungsten W ppm 0.1 10 000
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Yttrium Y ppm 0.1 500
Zinc Zn ppm 2 10 000
Zirconium Zr ppm 0.5 500
Dysprosium Dy ppm 0.05 1 000
Erbium Er ppm 0.03 1 000
Europium Eu ppm 0.03 1 000
Gadolinium Gd ppm 0.05 1 000
Holmium Ho ppm 0.01 1 000
Lutetium Lu ppm 0.01 1 000
Neodymium Nd ppm 0.1 1 000
Praseodymium Pr ppm 0.03 1 000
Samarium Sm ppm 0.03 1 000
Terbium Tb ppm 0.01 1 000
Thulium Tm ppm 0.01 1 000
Ytterbium Yb ppm 0.03 1 000
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Aluminum Al % 0.01 50
Arsenic As ppm 0.2 10 000
Barium Ba ppm 10 10 000
Beryllium Be ppm 0.05 1 000
Bismuth Bi ppm 0.01 10 000
Calcium Ca % 0.01 50
Cadmium Cd ppm 0.02 1 000
Cerium Ce ppm 0.01 500
Cobalt Co ppm 0.1 10 000
Chromium Cr ppm 1 10 000
Cesium Cs ppm 0.05 500
Copper Cu ppm 0.2 10 000
Iron Fe % 0.01 50
Gallium Ga ppm 0.05 10 000
Germanium Ge ppm 0.05 500
Hafnium Hf ppm 0.1 500
Indium In ppm 0.005 500
Potassium K % 0.01 10
Lanthanum La ppm 0.5 10 000
Lithium Li ppm 0.2 10 000
Magnesium Mg % 0.01 50
Manganese Mn ppm 5 100 000
Laboratory inserted standards, blanks and duplicates were analysed per
industry standard practice. There was no evidence of bias from these results.
Verification of sampling and assaying The verification of significant intersections by either independent or None of the drillholes have been twinned, as they are historical holes.
alternative company personnel.
Conversion of elemental analysis (REE parts per million) to stoichiometric
The use of twinned holes. oxide (REO parts per million) was undertaken by ROM geological staff using the
below (Table D1-1) element to stoichiometric oxide conversion factors
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data (https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2020/march/rare-earth-metals-an-untapped-resource
storage (physical and electronic) protocols. (https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2020/march/rare-earth-metals-an-untapped-resource)
)
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
Table D1-1: Element -Conversion Factor -Oxide Form
Ce 1.2284 CeO2
Dy 1.1477 Dy2O3
Er 1.1435 Er2O3
Eu 1.1579 Eu2O3
Gd 1.1526 Gd2O3
Ho 1.1455 Ho2O3
La 1.1728 La2O3
Lu 1.1371 Lu2O3
Nd 1.1664 Nd2O3
Pr 1.2083 Pr6O11
Sm 1.1596 Sm2O3
Tb 1.1762 Tb4O7
Tm 1.1421 Tm2O3
Y 1.2699 Y2O3
Yb 1.1387 Yb2O3
Rare earth oxide is the industry accepted form for reporting rare earths. The
following calculations are used for compiling REO into their reporting and
evaluation groups:
TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxide) = La2O3 + CeO2 + Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3 + Eu2O3
+ Gd2O3 + Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Ho2O3 + Er2O3 + Tm2O3 + Yb2O3 + Y2O3 + Lu2O3.
TREO-Ce = TREO - CeO2
LREO (Light Rare Earth Oxide) = La2O3 + CeO2 + Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3
HREO (Heavy Rare Earth Oxide) = Eu2O3 + Gd2O3 + Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Ho2O3 + Er2O3
+ Tm2O3 + Yb2O3 + Y2O3 + Lu2O3
CREO (Critical Rare Earth Oxide) = Nd2O3 + Eu2O3 + Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Y2O3
MREO (Magnetic Rare Earth Oxide) = Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3 + Gd2O3 + Tb4O7 +
Dy2O3.
Total Rare Earth Oxides (TREO):
To calculate TREO an oxide conversion "factor" is applied to each rare-earth
element assay. The "factor" equates an elemental assay to an oxide
concentration for each element. Below is an example of the factor calculation
for Lanthanum (La):
o Relative Atomic Mass (La) = 138.9055
o Relative Atomic Mass (O) = 15.9994
o Oxide Formula = La(2)O(3)
o Oxide Conversion Factor = 1/ ((2x 138.9055)/(2x 138.9055 + 3x 15.9994))
Oxide Conversion Factor = 1.173 (3dp)
None of the historical data has been adjusted.
Location of data points Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and In general, locational accuracy does vary, depending upon whether the
down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in historical surface and drillhole samples were digitised off plans or had their
Mineral Resource estimation. coordinated tabulated. Many samples were originally reported to AGD66 or
AMG84 and have been converted to MGA94 (Zone 54)
Specification of the grid system used.
The holes are currently surveyed with handheld GPS, awaiting more accurate
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. DGPS survey. It is thus estimated that locational accuracy therefore varies
between 2-4m until the more accurate surveying is completed.
The quality of topographic control (GSNSW 1 sec DEM) is deemed adequate for
the purposes of the exploration drilling program.
Data spacing and distribution Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. The average sample spacing from the current drilling program across the tenure
varies per prospect, and sample type, as listed in Table D1-2, below:
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the
degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource Table D1-2: EL 8434 Drillhole
and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. Spacing
Prospect Drillholes Completed RMS Drillhole Spacing (m)
Whether sample compositing has been applied. The Sisters Not yet
Iron Blow Not Yet
Tors Tank 4 127
Fence Gossan 4 208
Ziggy's Hill n/a n/a
Reefs Tank 1
The Datamine software allows creation of fixed length samples from the
original database given a set of stringent rules.
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible Historical drill holes at the BHAE are typically drilled vertically for auger
structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit and RAB types (drilled along section lines) and angled at -55˚ or -60˚ to
type. the horizontal and drilled perpendicular to the mineralised trend for RC and
DDH (Figure D1-3 and D1-4).
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of
key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, Drilling orientations are adjusted along strike to accommodate folded
this should be assessed and reported if material. geological sequences. All Fence Gossan holes were designed to drill toward
grid south at an inclination of 60 degrees from horizontal.
The drilling orientation is not considered to have introduced a sampling bias
on assessment of the current geological interpretation.
Geological mapping by various companies has reinforced that the strata dips
variously between 5 and 65 degrees.
Sample security The measures taken to ensure sample security. Sample security procedures are considered 'industry standard' for the current
period.
Samples obtained during drilling completed between 4/10/22 to the 10/10/22
were transported by exploration employees or an independent courier directly
from Broken Hill to ALS Laboratory, Adelaide.
The Company considers that risks associated with sample security are limited
given the nature of the targeted mineralisation.
Audits or reviews The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. No external audits or reviews have yet been undertaken.
Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP - AES)
Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
A prepared sample (0.25 g) is digested with perchloric, nitric, hydrofluoric,
and hydrochloric acids. The residue is topped up with dilute hydrochloric acid
and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
Following this analysis, the results are reviewed for high concentrations of
bismuth, mercury, molybdenum, silver, and tungsten and diluted accordingly.
Samples meeting this criterion are then analyzed by inductively coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry. Results are corrected for spectral interelement
interferences.
Four acid digestions can dissolve most minerals: however, although
the term "near total" is used, depending on the sample matrix, not all
elements are quantitatively extracted.
Results for the additional rare earth elements will represent the acid
leachable portion of the rare earth elements and as such, cannot be used, for
instance to do a chondrite plot.
Geochemical Procedure
Element geochemical procedure reporting units and limits are listed below:
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.05 10 000
Sodium Na % 0.01 10
Niobium Nb ppm 0.1 500
Nickel Ni ppm 0.2 10 000
Phosphorous P ppm 10 10 000
Lead Pb ppm 0.5 10 000
Rubidium Rb ppm 0.1 10 000
Rhenium Re ppm 0.002 50
Sulphur S % 0.01 10
Antimony Sb ppm 0.05 10 000
Scandium Sc ppm 0.1 10 000
Selenium Se ppm 1 1 000
Tin Sn ppm 0.2 500
Strontium Sr ppm 0.2 10 000
Tantalum Ta ppm 0.05 100
Tellurium Te ppm 0.05 500
Thorium Th ppm 0.2 10 000
Titanium Ti % 0.005 10
Thallium Tl ppm 0.02 10 000
Uranium U ppm 0.1 10 000
Vanadium V ppm 1 10 000
Tungsten W ppm 0.1 10 000
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Yttrium Y ppm 0.1 500
Zinc Zn ppm 2 10 000
Zirconium Zr ppm 0.5 500
Dysprosium Dy ppm 0.05 1 000
Erbium Er ppm 0.03 1 000
Europium Eu ppm 0.03 1 000
Gadolinium Gd ppm 0.05 1 000
Holmium Ho ppm 0.01 1 000
Lutetium Lu ppm 0.01 1 000
Neodymium Nd ppm 0.1 1 000
Praseodymium Pr ppm 0.03 1 000
Samarium Sm ppm 0.03 1 000
Terbium Tb ppm 0.01 1 000
Thulium Tm ppm 0.01 1 000
Ytterbium Yb ppm 0.03 1 000
Element Symbol Units Lower Limit Upper Limit
Aluminum Al % 0.01 50
Arsenic As ppm 0.2 10 000
Barium Ba ppm 10 10 000
Beryllium Be ppm 0.05 1 000
Bismuth Bi ppm 0.01 10 000
Calcium Ca % 0.01 50
Cadmium Cd ppm 0.02 1 000
Cerium Ce ppm 0.01 500
Cobalt Co ppm 0.1 10 000
Chromium Cr ppm 1 10 000
Cesium Cs ppm 0.05 500
Copper Cu ppm 0.2 10 000
Iron Fe % 0.01 50
Gallium Ga ppm 0.05 10 000
Germanium Ge ppm 0.05 500
Hafnium Hf ppm 0.1 500
Indium In ppm 0.005 500
Potassium K % 0.01 10
Lanthanum La ppm 0.5 10 000
Lithium Li ppm 0.2 10 000
Magnesium Mg % 0.01 50
Manganese Mn ppm 5 100 000
Laboratory inserted standards, blanks and duplicates were analysed per
industry standard practice. There was no evidence of bias from these results.
Verification of sampling and assaying
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or
alternative company personnel.
The use of twinned holes.
Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data
storage (physical and electronic) protocols.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
None of the drillholes have been twinned, as they are historical holes.
Conversion of elemental analysis (REE parts per million) to stoichiometric
oxide (REO parts per million) was undertaken by ROM geological staff using the
below (Table D1-1) element to stoichiometric oxide conversion factors
(https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2020/march/rare-earth-metals-an-untapped-resource
(https://www.jcu.edu.au/news/releases/2020/march/rare-earth-metals-an-untapped-resource)
)
Table D1-1: Element -Conversion Factor -Oxide Form
Ce 1.2284 CeO2
Dy 1.1477 Dy2O3
Er 1.1435 Er2O3
Eu 1.1579 Eu2O3
Gd 1.1526 Gd2O3
Ho 1.1455 Ho2O3
La 1.1728 La2O3
Lu 1.1371 Lu2O3
Nd 1.1664 Nd2O3
Pr 1.2083 Pr6O11
Sm 1.1596 Sm2O3
Tb 1.1762 Tb4O7
Tm 1.1421 Tm2O3
Y 1.2699 Y2O3
Yb 1.1387 Yb2O3
Rare earth oxide is the industry accepted form for reporting rare earths. The
following calculations are used for compiling REO into their reporting and
evaluation groups:
TREO (Total Rare Earth Oxide) = La2O3 + CeO2 + Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3 + Eu2O3
+ Gd2O3 + Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Ho2O3 + Er2O3 + Tm2O3 + Yb2O3 + Y2O3 + Lu2O3.
TREO-Ce = TREO - CeO2
LREO (Light Rare Earth Oxide) = La2O3 + CeO2 + Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3
HREO (Heavy Rare Earth Oxide) = Eu2O3 + Gd2O3 + Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Ho2O3 + Er2O3
+ Tm2O3 + Yb2O3 + Y2O3 + Lu2O3
CREO (Critical Rare Earth Oxide) = Nd2O3 + Eu2O3 + Tb4O7 + Dy2O3 + Y2O3
MREO (Magnetic Rare Earth Oxide) = Pr6O11 + Nd2O3 + Sm2O3 + Gd2O3 + Tb4O7 +
Dy2O3.
Total Rare Earth Oxides (TREO):
To calculate TREO an oxide conversion "factor" is applied to each rare-earth
element assay. The "factor" equates an elemental assay to an oxide
concentration for each element. Below is an example of the factor calculation
for Lanthanum (La):
o Relative Atomic Mass (La) = 138.9055
o Relative Atomic Mass (O) = 15.9994
o Oxide Formula = La(2)O(3)
o Oxide Conversion Factor = 1/ ((2x 138.9055)/(2x 138.9055 + 3x 15.9994))
Oxide Conversion Factor = 1.173 (3dp)
None of the historical data has been adjusted.
Location of data points
Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and
down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in
Mineral Resource estimation.
Specification of the grid system used.
Quality and adequacy of topographic control.
In general, locational accuracy does vary, depending upon whether the
historical surface and drillhole samples were digitised off plans or had their
coordinated tabulated. Many samples were originally reported to AGD66 or
AMG84 and have been converted to MGA94 (Zone 54)
The holes are currently surveyed with handheld GPS, awaiting more accurate
DGPS survey. It is thus estimated that locational accuracy therefore varies
between 2-4m until the more accurate surveying is completed.
The quality of topographic control (GSNSW 1 sec DEM) is deemed adequate for
the purposes of the exploration drilling program.
Data spacing and distribution
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the
degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource
and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.
Whether sample compositing has been applied.
The average sample spacing from the current drilling program across the tenure
varies per prospect, and sample type, as listed in Table D1-2, below:
Table D1-2: EL 8434 Drillhole
Spacing
Prospect Drillholes Completed RMS Drillhole Spacing (m)
The Sisters Not yet
Iron Blow Not Yet
Tors Tank 4 127
Fence Gossan 4 208
Ziggy's Hill n/a n/a
Reefs Tank 1
The Datamine software allows creation of fixed length samples from the
original database given a set of stringent rules.
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible
structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit
type.
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of
key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias,
this should be assessed and reported if material.
Historical drill holes at the BHAE are typically drilled vertically for auger
and RAB types (drilled along section lines) and angled at -55˚ or -60˚ to
the horizontal and drilled perpendicular to the mineralised trend for RC and
DDH (Figure D1-3 and D1-4).
Drilling orientations are adjusted along strike to accommodate folded
geological sequences. All Fence Gossan holes were designed to drill toward
grid south at an inclination of 60 degrees from horizontal.
The drilling orientation is not considered to have introduced a sampling bias
on assessment of the current geological interpretation.
Geological mapping by various companies has reinforced that the strata dips
variously between 5 and 65 degrees.
Sample security
The measures taken to ensure sample security.
Sample security procedures are considered 'industry standard' for the current
period.
Samples obtained during drilling completed between 4/10/22 to the 10/10/22
were transported by exploration employees or an independent courier directly
from Broken Hill to ALS Laboratory, Adelaide.
The Company considers that risks associated with sample security are limited
given the nature of the targeted mineralisation.
Audits or reviews
The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.
No external audits or reviews have yet been undertaken.
FIGURE D1-3: FENCE GOSSAN DRILLHOLE LOCATION AND TREO RESULTS NOVEMBER 2022
Source: CCZ geology team
FIGURE D1-4: TORS TANK DRILLHOLE LOCATION AND TREO RESULTS NOVEMBER 2022
Notes:
1. Current 2022 drillholes shown and deposit block model mask, All holes
orientated south at -60 degrees from horizontal.
Source: CCZ geology team
TABLE D1-5: RARE EARTH ELEMENT RETURNED ASSAY (ME-MS61R)
HOLEID XRF_SAMPLE / SAMPID FROM TO Ag (ppm) Th (ppm) U (ppm) Ce (ppm) La (ppm) Y (ppm) Dy (ppm) Er (ppm) Eu (ppm) Gd (ppm) Ho (ppm) Lu (ppm) Nd (ppm) Pr (ppm) Sm (ppm) Tb (ppm) Tm (ppm) Yb (ppm) TREO (ppm) TREO-Ce (ppm) LREO (ppm) HREO (ppm) CREO % MREO %
FG_002RC CCZ03982 - CCZ03985 0.00 4.00 0.02 10.15 9.9 156.50 83.80 18.70 4.11 1.81 1.53 5.99 0.70 0.21 62.00 18.25 9.36 0.81 0.25 1.55
FG_002RC CCZ03986 - CCZ03989 4.00 8.00 0.01 17.35 6.8 234.00 121.50 28.10 6.12 2.93 1.93 8.67 1.13 0.36 88.50 26.20 12.45 1.27 0.40 2.58
FG_002RC CCZ04404 - CCZ04407 8.00 12.00 0.02 16.45 8.5 221.00 114.50 28.70 6.55 3.16 2.12 9.75 1.18 0.38 91.70 25.80 13.20 1.35 0.44 2.86
FG_002RC CCZ04408 - CCZ04411 12.00 16.00 0.01 10.45 17.6 347.00 198.00 58.30 12.65 5.47 4.22 18.65 2.12 0.58 150.00 41.00 23.80 2.47 0.69 4.08
FG_002RC CCZ04412 - CCZ04414 16.00 19.00 0.03 19 5.4 155.50 92.20 46.30 8.01 4.07 1.94 10.75 1.57 0.45 71.50 18.95 12.20 1.52 0.53 3.24
FG_002RC Avge. Element 0.02 14.7 9.6 222.80 122.00 36.02 7.49 3.49 2.35 10.76 1.34 0.40 92.74 26.04 14.20 1.48 0.46 2.86
FG_002RC Avge.Oxide 273.69 143.08 45.74 8.59 3.99 2.72 12.40 1.53 0.45 108.17 31.46 22.67 1.75 0.53 3.26 660.04 386.35 579.07 80.96
FG_003RC CCZ04511 - CCZ04514 0.00 4.00 0.02 16.5 11.1 550.00 297.00 44.70 13.55 4.49 6.67 23.70 2.06 0.47 263.00 72.60 40.40 2.90 0.62 3.54
FG_003RC CCZ04515 - CCZ04518 4.00 8.00 0.02 19.3 9.1 452.00 268.00 34.70 12.00 3.76 5.50 21.50 1.80 0.39 209.00 57.70 32.30 2.55 0.52 3.03
FG_003RC CCZ04519 - CCZ04522 8.00 12.00 0.02 18.8 9.9 355.00 214.00 31.40 8.84 3.50 3.65 13.85 1.44 0.48 153.50 42.10 22.20 1.77 0.52 3.46
FG_003RC CCZ04523 - CCZ04526 12.00 16.00 0.02 21.4 15.3 465.00 298.00 59.90 15.75 6.59 5.80 24.80 2.78 0.79 212.00 56.10 33.70 3.23 0.93 5.72
FG_003RC CCZ04527 - CCZ04529 16.00 19.00 0.04 9.5 42.8 690.00 448.00 109.50 29.70 11.55 9.76 43.80 4.91 1.32 306.00 83.20 49.00 5.93 1.68 9.70
FG_003RC CCZ04530 19.00 20.00 0.11 1.9 47.6 647.00 510.00 510.00 99.90 65.40 17.10 101.00 22.90 9.02 388.00 95.20 74.30 15.65 9.77 58.70
FG_003RC Avge. Element 0.04 14.5 22.6 526.50 339.17 131.70 29.96 15.88 8.08 38.11 5.98 2.08 255.25 67.82 41.98 5.34 2.34 14.03
FG_003RC Avge.Oxide 646.75 397.77 167.25 34.38 18.16 9.36 43.92 6.85 2.36 297.72 81.94 48.53 6.28 2.67 15.97 1779.93 1133.18 1472.73 307.20 28.9%
FG_003RC CCZ04563 - CCZ04566 52.00 56.00 0.17 2.1 40.6 168.00 91.50 63.10 10.05 5.95 2.68 11.90 2.06 0.88 76.70 21.20 12.40 1.72 0.92 5.75
FG_003RC CCZ04567 - CCZ04569 56.00 59.00 0.05 4.0 35.3 271.00 171.00 68.20 12.05 5.68 3.27 15.40 2.22 0.74 114.50 32.60 18.20 2.05 0.81 4.81
FG_003RC CCZ04570 59.00 60.00 0.04 8.7 25.1 213.00 165.50 90.60 13.05 7.99 2.82 13.95 2.77 1.17 100.50 29.30 15.25 2.11 1.21 7.48
FG_003RC CCZ04571 - CCZ04574 60.00 64.00 0.06 9.2 18.7 236.00 165.00 62.60 10.75 5.44 3.11 14.30 2.13 0.70 105.00 30.30 16.25 2.03 0.78 4.71
FG_003RC CCZ04575 - CCZ04578 64.00 68.00 0.07 12.7 12.8 218.00 102.50 38.80 6.56 3.49 1.79 8.18 1.30 0.47 68.60 20.50 11.00 1.19 0.53 3.20
FG_003RC CCZ04579 - CCZ04582 68.00 72.00 0.03 7.1 10.0 385.00 169.50 42.80 9.65 4.18 3.47 13.30 1.65 0.50 120.00 33.80 19.15 1.82 0.61 3.68
FG_003RC CCZ04583 - CCZ04586 72.00 76.00 0.01 15.1 4.3 115.00 60.20 27.20 4.64 2.58 1.49 5.80 0.90 0.36 46.90 13.60 7.88 0.82 0.40 2.52
FG_003RC CCZ04587 - CCZ04589 76.00 79.00 0.01 22.1 3.1 152.50 73.50 16.20 3.13 1.38 1.27 5.64 0.54 0.18 55.90 16.25 8.72 0.67 0.20 1.23
FG_003RC CCZ04590 79.00 80.00 0.01 23.9 1.8 134.50 68.40 13.90 3.21 1.10 1.69 5.87 0.49 0.13 55.90 15.35 9.03 0.68 0.15 0.85
FG_003RC CCZ04591 - CCZ04594 80.00 84.00 0.01 20.3 2.0 122.00 61.00 15.60 3.54 1.30 1.72 6.30 0.57 0.16 54.10 15.10 8.87 0.73 0.17 1.02
FG_003RC Avge. Element 0.05 12.5 15.4 210.33 118.57 47.04 8.12 4.20 2.40 10.48 1.56 0.57 82.67 23.66 13.10 1.45 0.62 3.80
FG_003RC Avge.Oxide 258.37 139.05 59.74 9.32 4.80 2.78 12.08 1.79 0.65 96.42 28.58 15.14 1.71 0.71 4.33 635.49 377.12 537.57 97.91 26.7%
FG_004RC CCZ04683 - CCZ04686 4.00 8.00 0.01 20.8 3.9 164.00 81.20 11.80 3.23 1.18 1.57 6.17 0.50 0.13 62.20 19.10 9.60 0.74 0.15 0.89
FG_004RC CCZ04687 - CCZ04690 8.00 12.00 0.01 17.1 7.2 407.00 181.50 24.70 9.13 2.92 4.50 16.80 1.32 0.30 183.50 49.90 29.20 2.12 0.36 2.18
FG_004RC CCZ04691 - CCZ04694 12.00 16.00 0.01 17.9 7.0 149.00 74.40 32.60 6.98 3.24 2.33 9.90 1.25 0.42 71.70 19.25 12.45 1.36 0.44 2.84
FG_004RC CCZ04695 - CCZ04697 16.00 19.00 0.01 20.5 5.5 152.00 78.30 21.30 5.01 1.94 1.87 8.29 0.83 0.24 63.00 17.80 10.20 1.08 0.26 1.61
FG_004RC CCZ04698 19.00 20.00 0.01 17.2 6.3 137.00 70.40 27.50 5.67 2.57 1.82 8.15 1.03 0.32 58.70 17.10 9.62 1.10 0.36 2.18
FG_004RC CCZ04699 - CCZ04702 20.00 24.00 0.01 16.7 6.9 160.50 80.70 43.70 7.85 4.13 2.08 10.15 1.52 0.45 71.00 19.70 12.05 1.43 0.53 3.19
FG_004RC CCZ04703 - CCZ04706 24.00 28.00 0.01 18.6 8.5 137.50 71.30 31.60 5.20 2.89 1.47 6.86 1.05 0.39 54.60 16.00 8.69 0.96 0.39 2.50
FG_004RC CCZ04707 - CCZ04710 28.00 32.00 0.07 17.9 26.7 410.00 237.00 55.50 10.10 5.49 2.79 14.00 2.00 0.67 144.00 43.70 18.60 1.95 0.74 4.44
FG_004RC
FG_004RC Avge. Element 0.02 18.3 9.0 214.63 109.35 31.09 6.65 3.05 2.30 10.04 1.19 0.37 88.59 25.32 13.80 1.34 0.40 2.48
FG_004RC Avge.Oxide 263.65 128.25 39.48 7.63 3.48 2.67 11.57 1.36 0.42 103.33 30.59 16.00 1.58 0.46 3.44 613.90 350.25 541.82 72.08 25.2%
FG_004RC CCZ04727 - CCZ04730 48.00 52.00 0.08 5.3 24.3 209.00 168.50 64.10 7.05 3.43 2.21 9.14 1.30 0.42 78.30 23.20 12.40 1.36 0.46 2.77
FG_004RC CCZ04731 - CCZ04734 52.00 56.00 0.08 12.9 25.1 336.00 57.30 98.80 11.95 6.05 2.51 14.25 2.29 0.73 108.50 32.40 16.05 2.14 0.81 5.17
FG_004RC
FG_004RC Avge. Element 0.08 9.1 24.7 272.50 112.90 81.45 9.50 4.74 2.36 11.70 1.80 0.58 93.40 27.80 14.23 1.75 0.64 3.97
FG_004RC Avge.Oxide 334.74 132.41 103.43 10.90 5.42 2.73 13.48 2.06 0.65 108.94 33.59 16.50 2.06 0.73 5.51 773.14 438.41 626.18 146.97 29.5%
FG_004RC CCZ04739 - CCZ04742 60.00 64.00 0.04 12.4 8.7 185.00 94.10 39.90 7.34 3.94 1.71 9.22 1.43 0.50 68.10 20.10 10.80 1.35 0.58 3.45
FG_004RC
FG_004RC Avge. Element 0.04 12.4 8.7 185.00 94.10 39.90 7.34 3.94 1.71 9.22 1.43 0.50 68.10 20.10 10.80 1.35 0.58 3.45
FG_004RC Avge.Oxide 227.25 110.36 50.67 8.42 4.51 1.98 10.63 1.64 0.57 79.43 24.29 13.05 1.59 0.66 4.79 539.83 312.58 454.38 85.45 26.3%
Source: CCZ geology team
HOLEID XRF_SAMPLE / SAMPID FROM TO Ag (ppm) Th (ppm) U (ppm) Ce (ppm) La (ppm) Y (ppm) Dy (ppm) Er (ppm) Eu (ppm) Gd (ppm) Ho (ppm) Lu (ppm) Nd (ppm) Pr (ppm) Sm (ppm) Tb (ppm) Tm (ppm) Yb (ppm) TREO (ppm) TREO-Ce (ppm) LREO (ppm) HREO (ppm) CREO % MREO %
TT_001RC CCZ03772 - CCZ03775 24.00 28.00 0.14 7.2 10.2 166.50 105.00 132.00 19.00 11.40 3.89 17.50 4.01 1.50 87.00 21.60 15.70 2.95 1.55 9.54
TT_001RC Avge. Element 0.14 7.2 10.2 166.50 105.00 132.00 19.00 11.40 3.89 17.50 4.01 1.50 87.00 21.60 15.70 2.95 1.55 9.54
TT_001RC Avge.Oxide 204.53 123.14 167.63 21.81 13.04 4.50 20.17 4.59 1.71 101.48 26.10 25.06 3.47 1.77 10.86 729.85 525.32 480.31 249.55 41.0% 27.1%
TT_001RC CCZ03787 39.00 40.00 0.05 19.2 1.7 271.00 132.50 13.70 3.13 1.22 1.79 6.17 0.51 0.20 102.50 28.30 11.95 0.66 0.16 1.06
TT_001RC CCZ03788 - CCZ03791 40.00 44.00 0.04 14.0 2.3 188.00 101.50 16.00 3.54 1.61 1.90 6.33 0.60 0.27 78.80 21.50 10.20 0.73 0.23 1.51
TT_001RC CCZ03792 - CCZ03795 44.00 48.00 0.07 9.3 3.1 150.00 97.20 17.80 3.44 1.56 1.14 4.94 0.59 0.23 49.80 16.15 6.88 0.64 0.22 1.38
TT_001RC CCZ03796 - CCZ03799 48.00 52.00 0.07 26.7 3.0 182.00 95.50 25.80 5.11 2.33 1.40 6.12 0.95 0.29 60.80 18.85 8.83 0.90 0.34 2.03
TT_001RC Avge. Element 0.06 17.3 2.5 197.75 106.68 18.33 3.81 1.68 1.56 5.89 0.66 0.25 72.98 21.20 9.47 0.73 0.24 1.50
TT_001RC Avge.Oxide 242.92 125.11 23.27 4.37 1.92 1.80 6.79 0.76 0.28 85.12 25.62 10.98 0.86 0.27 1.70 531.76 288.84 489.73 42.03 21.7% 25.1%
TT_002RC CCZ03886 - CCZ03889 12.00 16.00 0.32 1.0 7.0 426.00 128.00 94.20 20.80 9.41 6.27 23.50 3.78 1.09 133.50 32.10 26.70 3.67 1.29 7.78
TT_002RC CCZ03890 - CCZ03892 16.00 19.00 0.69 1.0 6.8 234.00 105.50 137.50 30.10 14.55 7.67 33.80 5.53 1.65 145.00 31.20 30.50 5.14 1.96 12.20
TT_002RC
TT_002RC Avge. Element 0.51 1.0 6.9 330.00 116.75 115.85 25.45 11.98 6.97 28.65 4.66 1.37 139.25 31.65 28.60 4.41 1.63 9.99
TT_002RC Avge.Oxide 405.37 136.92 147.12 29.21 13.70 8.07 33.02 5.33 1.56 162.42 38.24 45.65 5.18 1.86 11.38 1045.03 639.66 788.61 256.42 33.7% 30.0%
TT_003RC CCZ04252 - CCZ04255 0 4 0.04 6.1 7.3 150.50 52.80 34.00 7.53 3.62 2.54 9.58 1.37 0.49 57.60 14.95 10.25 1.38 0.55 3.47
TT_003RC CCZ04256 - CCZ04259 4.00 8.00 0.21 1.6 6.5 212.00 82.50 62.90 16.60 6.11 6.71 27.60 2.63 0.66 157.00 40.70 28.30 3.33 0.83 4.94
TT_003RC CCZ04260 - CCZ04263 8.00 12.00 0.19 0.8 14.2 236.00 98.70 90.40 16.95 8.21 5.59 22.90 3.18 1.09 110.00 27.00 22.00 3.04 1.19 7.36
TT_003RC CCZ04264 - CCZ04267 12.00 16.00 0.07 1.4 12.2 242.00 132.00 290.00 51.40 30.50 9.28 50.90 11.30 3.81 148.00 33.80 32.20 8.12 4.06 24.90
TT_003RC CCZ04268 - CCZ04270 16.00 19.00 0.09 0.6 12.5 66.70 76.70 366.00 45.40 32.90 5.02 35.50 11.05 4.18 59.40 12.05 13.80 6.07 4.32 26.90
TT_003RC
TT_003RC Avge. Element 0.12 2.09 10.54 181.44 88.54 168.66 27.58 16.27 5.83 29.30 5.91 2.05 106.40 25.70 21.31 4.39 2.19 13.51
TT_003RC Avge.Oxide 222.88 103.84 214.18 31.65 18.60 6.75 33.77 6.77 2.33 124.10 31.05 24.71 5.16 2.50 15.39 843.68 620.80 506.59 337.09 45.3% 29.7%
TT_003RC CCZ04351 99.00 100.00 0.01 26.9 1.8 137.50 70.20 14.50 3.58 1.26 1.53 6.15 0.57 0.15 58.50 16.40 8.80 0.78 0.17 0.96
TT_003RC CCZ04352 - CCZ04355 100.00 104.00 0.01 27.4 2.7 158.50 85.00 16.00 3.73 1.30 1.73 6.69 0.59 0.14 66.10 18.75 9.89 0.83 0.16 0.93
TT_003RC
TT_003RC Avge. Element 0.01 27.2 2.3 148.00 77.60 15.25 3.66 1.28 1.63 6.42 0.58 0.15 62.30 17.58 9.35 0.81 0.17 0.95
TT_003RC Avge.Oxide 181.80 91.01 19.37 4.19 1.46 1.89 7.40 0.66 0.16 72.67 21.24 10.84 0.95 0.19 1.08 414.90 233.10 377.55 37.35 23.9% 28.3%
TT_004RC CCZ04019 19.00 20.00 0.02 23.6 0.7 127.50 49.80 25.80 4.59 2.24 1.14 5.44 0.88 0.25 35.00 10.50 6.48 0.84 0.32 1.72
TT_004RC CCZ04020 - CCZ04023 20.00 24.00 0.04 15.6 1.6 107.00 50.40 29.70 5.83 3.07 1.66 6.79 1.12 0.37 39.30 11.30 7.57 1.07 0.43 2.65
TT_004RC
TT_004RC Avge. Element 0.03 19.6 1.2 117.25 50.10 27.75 5.21 2.66 1.40 6.12 1.00 0.31 37.15 10.90 7.03 0.96 0.38 2.19
TT_004RC Avge.Oxide 144.03 58.76 35.24 5.98 3.04 1.62 7.05 1.15 0.35 43.33 13.17 11.21 1.12 0.43 2.49 328.96 184.93 270.50 58.46 26.5% 24.9%
TT_004RC CCZ04056 - CCZ04058 56.00 59.00 0.70 21.2 1.6 126.00 63.40 22.40 4.43 1.93 1.68 6.61 0.77 0.25 48.10 14.05 8.27 0.90 0.26 1.68
TT_004RC
TT_004RC Avge. Element 0.70 21.2 1.6 126.00 63.40 22.40 4.43 1.93 1.68 6.61 0.77 0.25 48.10 14.05 8.27 0.90 0.26 1.68
TT_004RC Avge.Oxide 154.78 74.36 28.45 5.08 2.21 1.95 7.62 0.88 0.28 56.10 16.98 9.59 1.06 0.30 1.91 361.54 206.76 311.80 49.74 25.6% 26.7%
Source: CCZ geology team
SECTION 2: REPORTING OF EXPLORATION RESULTS
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement and land tenure status Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or EL 8434 is located about 28km east of Broken Hill whilst EL 8435 is 16km east
material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, of Broken Hill. Both tenures are approximately 900km northwest of Sydney in
overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or far western New South Wales (Figures D2-1 and D2-2 in Appendix A &B,
national park and environmental settings. above).
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known EL 8434 and EL 8435 were both granted on the 2(nd of) June 2016 to Squadron
impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. Resources for a term of five (5) years for Group One Minerals. On the 25(th
of) May 2020, Squadron Resources changed its name to Wyloo Metals Pty Ltd
(Wyloo). In December 2020 the tenure was transferred from Wyloo Metals to
Broken Hill Alliance Pty Ltd a 100% subsidiary company of Castillo Copper
Limited. Both tenures were renewed on the 12(th of) August 2021 for a
further six (6) years and are due to expire on the 2(nd of) June 2027.
EL 8434 lies across two (2) 1:100,000 geology map sheets Redan 7233 and
Taltingan 7234, and two (2) 1:250,000 geology map sheets, SI54-3 Menindee, and
SH54-15 Broken Hill in the county of Yancowinna. EL 8434 consists of one
hundred and eighty-six (186) units) in the Adelaide and Broken Hill
1:1,000,000 Blocks covering an area of approximately 580km(2).
EL 8435 is located on the 1:100,000 geology map sheet Taltingan 7234, and the
1:250,000 geology map sheet SH/54-15 Broken Hill in the county of
Yancowinna. EL 8435 consists of twenty-two (22) units (Table 1) in the
Broken Hill 1:1,000,000 Blocks covering an area of approximately 68km(2).
Access to the tenures from Broken Hill is via the sealed Barrier Highway.
This road runs north-east to south-west through the northern portion of the EL
8434, passes the southern tip of EL 8435 eastern section and through the
middle of the western section of EL 8435. Access is also available via the
Menindee Road which runs north-west to south-east through the southern section
of the EL 8434. The Orange to Broken Hill Rail line also dissects EL 8435
western section the middle and then travels north-west to south-east slicing
through the eastern arm of EL 8434 (Figure D2-1).
Figure D2-1: EL 8434 and EL 8435 General Location Map
Exploration done by other parties Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. Explorers who were actively involved over longer historical periods in various
parts of EL8434 were: - North Broken Hill Ltd, CRAE Exploration, Major Mining
Ltd and Broken Hill Metals NL, Pasminco Exploration Ltd, Normandy Exploration
Ltd, PlatSearch NL/Inco Ltd/ EGC Pty Ltd JV and the Western Plains Gold
Ltd/PlatSearch/EGC Pty Ltd JV.
A comprehensive summary of work by previous explorers was presented in Leyh
(2009). However, more recently, follow-up field reconnaissance of areas of
geological interest, including most of the prospective zones was carried out
by EGC Pty Ltd over the various licenses. This work, in conjunction with a
detailed interpretation of aeromagnetic, gravity plus RAB / RC drill hole
logging originally led to the identification of at least sixteen higher
priority prospect areas. All these prospects were summarized in considerable
detail in Leyh (2008). Future work programs were then also proposed for each
area. Since then, further compilation work plus detailed geological
reconnaissance mapping and sampling of gossans and lode rocks has been carried
out.
A total of 22 prospects were then recognised on the exploration licence with
at least 12 occurring in and around the tenure.
With less than 45% outcropping Proterozoic terrain within the licence, this
makes it very difficult to explore and is in the main very effectively
screened from the easy application of more conventional exploration
methodologies due to a predominance of extensive Cainozoic cover sequences.
These include recent to young Quaternary soils, sands, clays and older more
resistant, only partially dissected, Tertiary duricrust regolith covered
areas. Depth of cover ranges from a few metres in the north to over 60
metres in some areas on the southern and central license.
Exploration by EGC Pty Ltd carried out in the field in the first instance has
therefore been heavily reliant upon time consuming systematic geological
reconnaissance mapping and relatable geochemical sampling. These involve a
slow systematic search over low outcropping areas, poorly exposed subcrops and
float areas as well as the progressive development of effective regolith
mapping and sampling tools. This work has been combined with a vast amount
of intermittently acquired past exploration data. The recent data
compilation includes an insufficiently detailed NSWGS regional mapping scale
given the problems involved, plus some regionally extensive, highly variable,
low-level stream and soil BLEG geochemical data sets over much of the area.
There are also a few useful local detailed mapping grids at the higher
priority prospects, and many more numerous widespread regional augers, RAB,
and percussion grid drilling data sets. Geophysical data sets including ground
magnetics, IP and EM over some prospect areas have also been integrated into
the exploration models. These are located mainly in former areas of moderate
interest and most of the electrical survey methods to date in this type of
terrain continue to be of limited application due to the high degree of
weathering and the often prevailing and complex regolith cover constraints.
Between 2007 and 2014 Eaglehawk Geological Consulting has carried out detailed
research, plus compilation and interpretation of a very large volume of
historic exploration data sourced from numerous previous explorers and dating
back to the early 1970's. Most of this data is in non-digital scanned form.
Many hard copy exploration reports (see references) plus several hundred plans
have been acquired from various sources, hard copy printed as well as
downloaded as scans from the Geological Survey of NSW DIGS system. They also
conducted field mapping, costean mapping and sampling, and rock chip sampling
and analysis.
Work Carried out by Squadron Resources and Whyloo Metals 2016-2020
Research during Year 1 by Squadron Resources revealed that the PGE-rich,
sulphide-bearing ultramafic rocks in the Broken Hill region have a
demonstrably alkaline affinity. This indicates a poor prospectivity for
economic accumulations of sulphide on an empirical basis (e.g., in comparison
to all known economic magmatic nickel sulphide deposits, which have a
dominantly tholeiitic affinity). Squadron instead directed efforts toward
detecting new Broken Hill-Type (BHT) deposits that are synchronous with basin
formation. Supporting this modified exploration rationale are the EL's
stratigraphic position, proximity to the Broken Hill line of lode, abundant
mapped alteration (e.g., gahnite and/or garnet bearing exhalative units) and
known occurrences such as the "Sisters" and "Iron Blow" prospects.
The area overlies a potential magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE source region of
metasomatised sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) identified from a
regional targeting geophysical data base. The exploration model at the time
proposed involved remobilization of Ni-Cu-PGE in SCLM and incorporation into
low degree mafic-ultramafic partial melts during a post-Paleoproterozoic plume
event and emplacement higher in the crust as chonoliths/small intrusives -
Voisey's Bay type model. Programs were devised to use geophysics and
geological mapping to locate secondary structures likely to control and
localise emplacement of Ni-Cu-PGE bearing chonoliths. Since EL8434 was
granted, the following has been completed:
• Airborne EM survey.
• Soil and chip sampling.
• Data compilation.
• Geological and logistical reconnaissance.
• Community consultations; and
• Execution of land access agreements.
Airborne EM Survey
Geotech Airborne Limited was engaged to conduct an airborne EM survey using
their proprietary VTEM system in 2017. A total of 648.92-line kilometres
were flown on a nominal 200m line spacing over a portion of the project area.
Several areas were infilled to 100m line spacing.
The VTEM data was interpreted by Southern Geoscience Consultants Pty Ltd, who
identified a series of anomalies, which were classified as high or low
priority based on anomaly strength (i.e., does the anomaly persist into the
latest channels). Additionally, a cluster of VTEM anomalies at the "Sisters"
prospect have been classified separate due to strong IP effects observed in
the data. Geotech Airborne have provided an IP corrected data and
interpretation of the data has since been undertaken.
Soil and Chip sampling
The VTEM anomalies were followed up by a reconnaissance soil sampling
programme. Spatially clustered VTEM anomalies were grouped, and follow-up soil
lines were designed. Two (2) VTEM anomalies were found to be related to
culture and consequently no soils were collected. Two (2) other anomalies
were sampled which were located above thick alluvium of Stephens Creek and
were therefore not sampled. A line of soil samples was collected over a
relatively undisturbed section at Iron Blow workings and the Sisters Prospect.
One hundred and sixty-six (166) soil samples were collected at a nominal 20cm
depth using a 2mm aluminum sieve. Two (2) rock chips were also collected
during this program. The samples were collected at either 20m or 40m spacing
over selected VTEM anomalies. The samples were pulverised and analysed by
portal XRF at ALS laboratories in Perth.
Each site was annotated with a "Regolith Regime" such that samples from a
depositional environment could be distinguished from those on exposed
Proterozoic bedrock, which were classified as an erosional environment. The
Regolith Regime groups were used for statistical analysis and levelling of the
results. The levelled data reveals strong relative anomalies in zinc at VTEM
anomaly clusters 10, 12 and 14 plus strong anomalous copper at VTEM 17.
Geology Deposit type, geological setting, and style of mineralisation. Regional Geology
The Broken Hill polymetallic deposits are located within Curnamona Province
(Willyama Super group) (Figure D2-2) that hosts several world-class deposits
of lead, zinc, silver, and copper. The Willyama Supergroup consists of
highly deformed metasedimentary schists and gneisses with abundant
quartz-feldspathic gneisses, lesser basic gneisses, and minor 'lode' rocks
which are quartz-albite and calc-silicate rocks (Geoscience Australia,
2019). Prograde metamorphism ranges from andalusite through sillimanite to
granulite grade (Stevens, Barnes, Brown, Stroud, & Willis, 1988).
Regionally, the tenures are situated in Broken Hill spatial domain which
extends from far western New South Wales into eastern South Australia. The
Broken Hill Domain hosts several major fault systems and shear zones, which
were formed by various deformation events and widespread metamorphism which
has affected the Willyama Supergroup (Figure D2-3).
Major faults in the region include the Mundi Mundi Fault to the west of Broken
Hill, the Mulculca Fault to the east, and the Redan Fault to the south. Broken
Hill is also surrounded by extensive shear zones including the Stephens Creek,
Globe-Vauxhall, Rupee, Pine Creek, Albert, and Thackaringa-Pinnacles Shear
Zones.
Figure D2-2: Regional Stratigraphy
Modified after: (Stevens, Barnes, Brown, Stroud, & Willis, 1988)
Figure D2-3: Regional Geological Map
Modified after (Peljo, 2003)
Local Geology
There are over twenty (20) rock formations mapped within the project area.
Parts of the project area are covered by Quaternary alluvium, sands, and by
Tertiary laterite obscuring the basement geology. Within the Lower to Middle
Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup (previously Complex) there are two (2) groups,
the Thackaringa Group, and the younger Broken Hill Group (Colquhoun, et al.,
2019). A summary of the units that host or appear to host the various
mineralisation styles within EL 8434 and EL 8435 is given below.
Broken Hill Group
The Hores Gneiss is mostly comprised of quartz-feldspar-biotite-garnet gneiss,
interpreted as metadacite with some minor metasediments noted. An age range
from Zircon dating has been reported as 1682-1695Ma (Geoscience Australia,
2019). The Allendale Metasediments unit contains mostly metasedimentary
rocks, dominated by albitic, pelitic to psammitic composite gneiss, including
garnet-bearing feldspathic composite gneiss, sporadic basic gneiss, and
quartz-gahnite rock. Calc-silicate bodies can be found at the base of the
unit and the formation's average age is 1691 Ma (Geoscience Australia, 2019).
Thackaringa Group
The Thorndale Composite Gneiss is distinguished by mostly gneiss, but also
migmatite, amphibolite, and minor magnetite. The age of this unit is
>1700Ma (Geoscience Australia, 2019) and is one of the oldest formations in
the Group. The Cues Formation is interpreted as a deformed sill-like
granite, including Potosi-type gneiss. Other rock-types include pelitic
paragneiss, containing cordierite. The average age: ca 1700-1730 Ma.
(Stevens, Barnes, Brown, Stroud, & Willis, 1988). Other rock types
include mainly psammo-pelitic to psammitic composite gneisses or
metasedimentary rocks, and intercalated bodies of basic gneiss. This unit is
characterised by stratiform horizons of granular garnet-quartz +/-magnetite
rocks, quartz-iron oxide/sulphide rocks and quartz-magnetite rocks (Geoscience
Australia, 2019). This is a significant formation as it hosts the Pinnacles
Ag-Pb-Zn massive sulphide deposit along with widespread Fe-rich stratiform
horizons.
The protolith was probably sandy marine shelf sedimentary rocks. An
intrusion under shallow cover was syn-depositional. The contained
leuco-gneisses and Potosi-type gneisses are believed to represent a felsic
volcanic or volcaniclastic protolith. Basic gneisses occur in a substantial
continuous interval in the middle sections of the Formation, underlain by
thinner, less continuous bodies. They are moderately Fe-rich (abundant
orthopyroxene or garnet) and finely layered, in places with pale feldspar-rich
layers, and are associated with medium-grained quartz-feldspar-biotite-garnet
gneiss or rock which occurs in thin bodies or pods ('Potosi-type' gneiss).
A distinctive leucocratic quartz-microcline-albite(-garnet) gneiss
(interpreted as meta-rhyolite) occurs as thin, continuous, and extensive
horizons, in several areas. The sulphide-bearing rocks may be lateral
equivalents of, or associates of Broken Hill type stratiform mineralisation.
Minor layered garnet-epidote-quartz calc-silicate rocks occur locally within
the middle to basal section. The unit is overlain by the Himalaya
Formation.
The Cues Formation is intruded by Alma Granite (Geoscience Australia, 2019).
The Himalaya Formation (Figure D2-4) consists of medium-grained saccharoidal
leucocratic psammitic and albitic meta-sedimentary rocks (average age
1700Ma). The unit comprises variably interbedded albite-quartz rich rocks,
composite gneiss, basic gneiss, horizons of thinly bedded quartz-magnetite
rock.
Pyrite-rich rocks occur at the base of the formation (Geoscience Australia,
2019). It is overlain by the Allendale Metasediments (Broken Hill Group).
The Himalaya Formation hosts cobalt-rich pyritic horizons at Pyrite Hill and
Big Hill. The protolith is probably sandy marine shelf sedimentary rocks
with variable evaporitic or hypersaline component. Plagioclase-quartz rocks
are well-bedded (beds 20 - 30mm thick), with rare scour-and-fill and
cross-bedded structures.
Thin to thick (0.5 - 10m) horizons of thinly bedded quartz-magnetite rock also
occur with the plagioclase-quartz rocks. In some areas the formation
consists of thin interbeds of plagioclase-quartz rocks within meta-sedimentary
rocks or metasedimentary composite gneiss (Geoscience Australia, 2019). Lady
Brassey Formation which is well-to-poorly-bedded leucocratic sodic
plagioclase-quartz rock, as massive units or as thick to thin interbeds within
psammitic to pelitic metasedimentary composite gneisses. A substantial
conformable basic gneiss. It overlies both Mulculca Formation and Thorndale
Composite Gneiss. Part of the formation was formerly referred to as Farmcote
Gneiss in the Redan geophysical zone of Broken Hill Domain - a zone in which
the stratigraphy has been revised to create the new Rantyga Group (Redan and
Ednas Gneisses, Mulculca Formation, and the now formalised Farmcote Gneiss).
Lady Louise Suite
This unit is approximately 1.69Ma in age comprising amphibolite,
quartz-bearing, locally differentiated to hornblende granite, intrusive sills,
and dykes, metamorphosed, and deformed; metabasalt with pillows (Geoscience
Australia, 2019). Annadale Metadolerite is basic gneisses, which includes
intervening metasedimentary rocks possibly dolerite (Geoscience Australia,
2021).
Rantya Group
Farmcote Gneiss contains metasedimentary rocks and gneiss and is a new unit at
the top of Rantyga Group. It is overlain by the Cues Formation and
Thackaringa Group, and it overlies the Mulculca Formation. The age of the
unit is between 1602 to 1710Ma. Mulculca Formation is abundant
metasedimentary composite gneiss, variable sodic plagioclase-quartz-magnetite
rock, quartz-albite-magnetite gneiss, minor quartz-magnetite rock common,
minor basic gneiss, albite-hornblende-quartz rock (Geoscience Australia,
2019). Ednas Gneiss contains quartz-albite-magnetite gneiss, sodic
plagioclase-quartz-magnetite rock, minor albite-hornblende-quartz rock, minor
quartzo-feldspathic composite gneiss. It is overlain by Mulculca Formation.
Silver City Suite
Formerly mapped in the Thackaringa Group this new grouping accommodates the
metamorphosed and deformed granites. A metagranite containing
quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss with variable garnet, sillimanite, and
muscovite, even-grained to megacrystic, elongate parallel to enclosing
stratigraphy. It occurs as sills and intrudes both the Thackeringa Group and
the Broken Hill Group. This unit is aged between 1680 to 1707Ma.
Torrowangee Group
Mulcatcha Formation comprises flaggy, quartzose sandstone with lenticular
boulder and arkosic sandstone beds. Yangalla Formation contains boulder
beds, lenticular interbedded siltstone, and sandstone. It overlies the
Mulcatcha Formation (Geoscience Australia, 2020).
Sundown Group
The Sundown Group contains Interbedded pelite, psammopelitic and psammitic
metasedimentary rocks and it overlies the Broken Hill Group. The unit age is
from 1665 to 1692Ma (Figure D2-4).
There is also an unnamed amphibolite in Willyama Supergroup, which present
typically medium grained plagioclase and amphibole or pyroxene rich stratiform
or discordant dykes.
Figure D2-4: EL 8434 and EL 8435 Solid Geology
Drill hole Information A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration Header information about all drillholes completed at Tors Tank and Fence
results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material Gossan have been tabulated in previous ASX releases.
drill holes:
o easting and northing of the drill hole collar
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level - elevation above sea level in metres) of
the drill hole collar
o dip and azimuth of the hole
o down hole length and interception depth
o hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the
information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the
understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why
this is the case.
Data aggregation methods In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum No metal equivalents have been reported. Rare earth element results, have
and/or minimum grade truncations (e.g., cutting of high grades) and cut-off been converted to rare earth oxides as per standard industry practice
grades are usually Material and should be stated. (Castillo Copper 2022f).
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and No compositing of assay results has taken place, but rather menu options
longer lengths of low-grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation within the Datamine GDB module have been used to create fixed length 1m assay
should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be intervals from the original sampling lengths.
shown in detail.
The rules follow very similarly to those used by the Leapfrog Geo software in
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be creating fixed length samples.
clearly stated.
Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration A database of all the historical borehole sampling has been compiled and
Results. validated. It is uncertain if there is a strong relationship between the
surface sample anomalies to any subsurface anomalous intersections due to the
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is possible masking by variable Quaternary and Tertiary overburden that varies in
known, its nature should be reported. depth from 0-40m.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should As the strata is tightly folded, the intersected cobalt-rich layers are
be a clear statement to this effect (e.g. 'down hole length, true width not overstated in terms of apparent thickness, however the modelling software
known'). calculates a true, vertical thickness.
Mineralisation is commonly associated with shears, faults, amphibolites, and a
quartz-magnetite rock within the shears, or on or adjacent to the boundaries
of the Himalaya Formation.
In general, most of the cobalt-rich layers have a north-northwest to north
strike.
Diagrams Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts Current surface anomalies are shown on maps released on the ASX (Castillo
should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should Copper 2022a and 2022b). All historical surface sampling has had their
include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and coordinates converted to MGA94, Zone 54.
appropriate sectional views.
Balanced reporting Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, All recent laboratory analytical results have been recently reported (see
representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be Castillo Copper 2022a, b, c, d, e, and f) for assay results.
practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.
Regarding the surface and sampling, no results other than duplicates, blanks
or reference standard assays have been omitted.
Other substantive exploration data Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported Historical explorers have also conducted airborne and ground gravity,
including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey magnetic, EM, and IP resistivity surveys over parts of the tenure area but
results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of this is yet to be fully georeferenced (especially the ground IP surveys).
treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical Squadron Resources conducted an airborne EM survey in 2017 that covers Iron
and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. Blow and The Sisters, but not the southern cobalt and REE prospects.
Further work The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g., tests for lateral It is recommended that:
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
· The remaining non-sampled zones within the Core Library
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the drillholes, BH1, BH2, and DD90-IB3 in the north of the tenure group be
main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this relogged and sampled. DD90-IB3 is a good candidate for hyperspectral
information is not commercially sensitive. logging.
· A program of field mapping and ground magnetic or EM surveys be
planned and executed at Fence Gossan. Mapping of pegmatite outcrops is a
high priority.
· Complete the comprehensive drilling campaign that will comprise
RC drilling and specifically target coring the known cobalt and REE
mineralisation downdip to at least 100m depth at the Iron Blow prospects.
The current drilling program is also designed to increase the resource
confidence and has its ESF4 applications approved by the NSW Resource
Regulator.
References
Biggs, M. S., 2021a, Broken Hill Alliance, NSW Tenure Package Background
Geological Information, unpublished report to BH Alliance Pty Ltd, Sep 21,
30pp.
Biggs, M. S., 2021b, EL 8434 and EL 8435, Brief Review of Surface Sample
Anomalies Lithium, Rare Earth Elements and Cobalt, unpublished report to BH
Alliance Pty Ltd, Nov 21, 18pp.
Biggs, M.S., 2022a, BHA Cobalt Modelling and Mineral Resource Estimate Update,
unpublished memo for Castillo Copper by ROM Resources.
Biggs, M.S., 2022b, Broken Hill BHA Tenures Update, Castillo Copper,
unpublished memo prepared by ROM Resources, Mar 22, 5pp
Burkett R.D., 1975, Progress Report on Exploration Licenses 780, 781, 782 and
783, Broken Hill Area, NSW for the six months to 23(rd) November 1975, North
Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey, (GS1975-328)
Castillo Copper Limited, 2022a, ASX Release Battery metal drill-hole assays
unlock BHA East Zone potential / lithium update, 5(th) January 2022.
Castillo Copper Limited, 2022b, ASX Release Strategic focus to develop
significant cobalt mineralisation potential at BHA Project, 9(th) February
2022.
Castillo Copper Limited, 2022c, ASX Release High grade platinum confirmed at
BHA Project, 9(th) March 2022.
Castillo Copper Limited, 2022d ASX Release Diamond core tests demonstrate
high-grade cobalt-zinc potential at Broken Hill, 21 March 2022
Castillo Copper Limited, 2022e ASX Release, Drilling hits targeted cobalt
zones & wide pegmatite intercepts at Broken Hill 12 October 2022
Castillo Copper Limited, 2022f ASX Release, Drilling hits more wide pegmatite
intercepts at Broken Hill 24 October 2022
Gilfillan J.F., 1971, Report on Exploration by Falconbridge (Australia) Pty
Ltd on ATP 3091 Broken Hill Area NSW under option from Minerals Recovery
(Australia) N.L., Falconbridge (Australia) Pty Limited, Jan 1971, 93pp
Lees, T.C., 1978, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration Licenses 780 and
782, Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the six months to 23(RD) November
1978, North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey, (GS1978-043)
Leyh, W.R., 1976, Progress Report on Exploration Licence, No. 846 Iron Blow
-Yellowstone Area, Broken Hill, New South Wales for the six months period
ended 29(th) June 1976, North Broken Hill Limited, Report GS1976-198, Jul 76,
88pp
Leyh, W.R., 1977a, Progress Report on Exploration Licence, No. 846 Iron Blow
-Yellowstone Area, Broken Hill, New South Wales for the six months period
ended 29(th) December 1976, North Broken Hill Limited, Report GS1976-198, Feb
1977, 24pp
Leyh W.R., 1977b, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration Licenses 780 and
782, Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the three months to 5th March 1977,
North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey, (GS1977-078)
Leyh W.R., 1977c, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration Licenses 780 and
782, Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the three months to 23rd May 1977,
North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey, (GS1977-078)
Leyh W.R., 1978, Progress Report on Farmcote Exploration Licenses 780 and 782,
Farmcote Area, Broken Hill, NSW for the three months to 27 October 1978, North
Broken Hill Limited for the NSW Geological Survey, (GS1977-078)
Leyh W.R., 1978 Progress Report on Exploration Licenses 1099 and 1100 for the
six months to 27 October 1978, North Broken Hill Limited for the NSW
Geological Survey, (GS1978-407)
Leyh, W.R., 1990, Exploration Report for the Third Six Monthly Period ended
12th June 1990 for EL 3238 (K Tank), Broken Hill District, New South Wales for
the six months period, Pasminco Limited, Report GS1989-226, Jun 90, 22pp
Leyh, W.R., and Lees T.C., 1977, Progress Report on Exploration Licence, No.
846 Iron Blow -Yellowstone Area, Broken Hill, New South Wales for the six
months period ended 29(th) June 1977, North Broken Hill Limited, Report
GS1976-198, Jul 77, 35pp
Leyh, W.R., and Larson P.D., 1981, Final Report for the Third Six Monthly
Period ended 12th June 1990 for EL 3238 (K Tank), Broken Hill District, New
South Wales for the six months period, Pasminco Limited, Report GS1989-226,
Jun 90, 22pp
McConachy, G.W., 1997, EL 4792 Redan, Annual Report for the period ending
19/2/1997, Normandy Exploration Limited, unpublished report to the GSNSW, RIN
00002672
Main, J.V., and Tucker D.F., 1981, Exploration Report for Six Month Period
8(th) November 1980 to 7(th) May 1981, EL 1106 Rockwell, Broken Hill, NSW, CRA
Exploration Pty Ltd, GS1980-080, Jul 1981, 40pp
Mohoney, M., 2018, BHA Broken Hill Project Position Paper, Squadron Resources
Pty Ltd., Unpublished report, Mar2018, 8pp
Mortimer R., 2017, Re-interpretation of VTEM Profiles Broken Hill Area,
unpublished report by Southern Geoscience Consultants for Squadron Resources
Pty Ltd, Oct 17.
Squadron Resources Pty Ltd, 2018, Broken Hill Project Status, August 2018,
unpublished confidential presentation by Squadron Resources,
Timms, P.D., and Groves A.J., 2003, Exploration Licence 4846, The Sisters,
Annual Report to 29th May 2003, Endeavour Minerals Pty Ltd., RIN
Willis, I.L., Brown, R.E., Stroud, W.J., Stevens, B.P.J., 1983, The Early
Proterozoic Willyama Supergroup: stratigraphic subdivision and interpretation
of high to low-grade metamorphic rocks in the Broken Hill Block, New South
Wales., Geological Society of Australia Journal, 30(2), p195-2
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