- Part 4: For the preceding part double click ID:nRSJ0188Hc
of several health system delivery reforms included in the ACA has commenced and will continue until 2018. The ACA expands the patient population eligible for Medicaid and
provides new insurance coverage for individuals through state and federally-operated health insurance exchanges. In general, patients enrolled in the exchanges are
subject to higher cost sharing obligations and may not have as robust access to prescription drugs as compared with patients enrolled in Medicare Part D or commercial
plans. There will be ongoing scrutiny of the US pharmaceutical industry that could result in further government intervention and financial constraint. For more
information, please see Regulatory requirements and Pricing pressure in the Marketplace section from page 16 and page 17, respectively.In the EU, efforts by the EC to
reduce inconsistencies and improve standards in the disparate national pricing and reimbursement systems met with little immediate success as Member States guard their
right to make healthcare budget decisions. The industry continues to be exposed in Europe to various ad hoc cost-containment measures and reference pricing mechanisms,
which impact prices. There is a trend towards increasing transparency and comparison of prices among EU Member States. Recent controversy regarding the high price of a
drug marketed by one of our competitors for chronic hepatitis C may provoke further EU collaboration and may eventually lead to a change in the overall pricing and
reimbursement landscape. Concurrently, many markets are adopting the use of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) to provide a rigorous evaluation of the clinical efficacy
of a product, at, or post, launch. HTA evaluations are also increasingly being used to assess the clinical effect, as well as cost-effectiveness, of products in a
particular health system. This comes as payers and policymakers attempt to increase efficiencies in the use and choice of pharmaceutical products. Further information
regarding these pressures is contained in Regulatory requirements and Pricing pressure in the Marketplace section from page 16 and page 17, respectively