REG - Kavango Resources - ZIM: Prospect 3 Positive Assay Results
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RNS Number : 2218H Kavango Resources PLC 02 May 2025
PRESS RELEASE
02 May 2025
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC
("Kavango" or "the Company")
ZIM: Prospect 3 Positive Assay Results
Kavango Resources plc (LSE: KAV), the Southern Africa focussed metals
exploration and gold production company, is pleased to report encouraging
assay results from its recently completed preliminary resource drilling at
Prospect 3 ("Prospect 3") on the Hillside Gold Project ("Hillside") in
Matabeleland, southern Zimbabwe.
Drilling intercepted higher than expected gold grades, within 6 defined
mineralised shear zones that appear to increase in grade at depth. These
results suggest Prospect 3 has the potential for near-term, shallow open-pit
mining of selected mineralised zones, followed by a progression to underground
mechanised mining.
The shallow drilling programme successfully provided Kavango with sufficient
geological information and positive assay results to begin its first direct
resource definition. The Company is also finalising details for a follow-up
drill programme to further test gold mineralisation open at depth and along
strike at Prospect 3, with an announcement to follow in due course.
Highlights
· 6 mineralised gold bearing shear zones confirmed across 34
shallow diamond drill holes at Prospect 3.
o Each hole was drilled to a depth between 60m and 105m, for a total of
2,109.16m, covering a 100m x 150m grid, with a 25m x 25m spacing between hole
collars:
o The drill defined gold bearing shear zones lie within a larger block that
corresponds with mapped areas of artisanal workings, suggesting Prospect 3
covers an area of at least 650m x 150m that is open at strike in both
directions.
o Shallow, higher-grade gold intercepts extend to and are open at depth in
the 6 mineralised shear zones.
o Assay results and core logging show that the most consistent higher-grade
and wider, discrete mineralised shear zones are concentrated within the
granodiorite.
· 65 significant gold intersections, grading at >1g/t Au,
transected across the 6 confirmed mineralised shear zones. Highlights include:
o 0.90m @ 18.11g/t Au from surface in Hole NSDDIR009
o 8.32m @ 1.07g/t Au from 57.5m in Hole NSDDIR012
o 0.60m @ 7.82g/t Au from 52.40m and 0.87m @ 5.58g/t Au from 56.83m in Hole
NSDDIR015
o 1.98m @ 1.45g/t Au from 58.34m, in hole NSDDIR016 that ended in
mineralisation
o 1.70m @ 7.10g/t Au from 29.00m and 3.18m @ 2.23g/t Au from 43.00m in Hole
NSDDIR018
o 7.79m @ 1.35g/t Au from 29.11m in Hole NSDDIR025:
· Results suggest Prospect 3 is similar in structure to gold ore
bodies in Western Australia that are mined using modern mechanised methods
through spiral decline mining (explanation given below).
o To confirm the potential for underground mechanised mining at Prospect 3,
Kavango has designed a new diamond drilling program (2,750m) to test grade
continuity and structure along strike and to depths of ~200m.
o In addition, third-party consultants have commenced extensive structural
surveys at Hillside, comprising of field mapping and detailed analysis of
orientated diamond drill cores.
Ben Turney, Chief Executive of Kavango Resources, commented:
"We are delighted with the drill results at Prospect 3. The
higher-than-expected gold grades, in 6 defined mineralised shear zones,
present Kavango with a much bigger opportunity than was originally envisaged.
Drill results from the 34 shallow diamond holes support the presence of a
robust and potentially economic mineralised system at Prospect 3. The
correlation of high-grade intercepts with mapped artisanal workings, combined
with structural continuity across multiple zones, raise the possibility for
selective, near-term open pit mining followed by underground mechanised
mining.
Prospect 3 has been mined by artisanal miners over the last 20 years. This has
proven to be a strong exploration lead for our team. The artisanal miners
appear only to have mined up to a depth of 25m from surface. The higher-grade,
gold mineralised underlying hard rock is relatively untouched.
The drill results from the recently completed program show that the
near-surface structures the artisanal miners have mined appear to both
continue at depth and increase in grade within the deeper fresh hard rock
granodiorite. This is encouraging for Kavango because it suggests that the
target area is at least 150m wide and greater than 650m long, and remains open
along strike in both directions, and open at depth.
Our planned next phase of drilling will further test the strike and depth
extent of this mineralised system. If results confirm and potentially extend
the footprint and grades of Prospect 3, then Kavango will have made a
significant gold discovery."
District Geological and Structural Context
The local geology of the area around Prospect 3 is characterised by a phyllite
intercalated with magnetite-rich iron formations ("BIF"), which is intruded by
a diorite-granodiorite. Both units are intruded by a megacrystic granite. Gold
mineralisation appears to be controlled by steeply NNE-dipping m-thick,
subparallel and anastomosing shear zones. The gold mineralisation is believed
to be hosted in mm-cm-thick shear foliation-parallel smoky quartz veins, and
the timing of gold deposition is believed to broadly synchronise with the main
shearing event.
Deposit Geology and Controls on Mineralisation:
The completed drill program consisted of 34 diamond drill holes contained
within a 100m x 150m block and successfully confirmed multiple shallow gold
mineralised zones that extend to depth, and that correlate with surface
artisanal workings.
Figure 1: Map of Prospect 3 showing artisanal surface workings associated with
interpreted structural features. Logged downhole geology for the completed
boreholes is also shown along the borehole trace. The yellow highlighted areas
outline the interpreted trace of the 6 main mineralised gold bearing shear
zones, which remain open to the NW and SE.
Surface mapping of areas historically worked and depleted by artisanal miners
suggests there are as many as 12 mineralised shear zones at the NW end of
Prospect 3. The shear zones anastomose and coalesce into 6 main gold bearing
shear zones at the SE end (where drilling was focussed). All shear zones have
been assessed to have the potential to host gold mineralisation at depth.
The gold mineralisation appears to occur in two main areas: firstly, in
m-thick anastomosing shear zones hosted in the diorite-granodiorite. The
geotechnical core logging from this lithology reveals it to be both hard and
competent, characteristics well suited for the proposed mechanised underground
mining method; and secondly, along the contact zone between the
metasedimentary rocks (more friable and generally oxidised material near
surface) to the south and diorite-granodiorite to the north, Figure 1. Gold
mineralisation in the metasediments are generally lower-grade, narrower, and
more finely disseminated across fine fractures.
Collectively the results from the drill program demonstrate the anastomosing
nature of the higher-grade mineralised shears, with zones of >1g/t Au to
18g/t Au occurring over 1m, and up to 8m in width.
Within the shear zones, the gold mineralisation appears to occur in cm-thick
smoky quartz veins (and their alteration halos), which rarely exceed 0.5 m in
thickness. The veins are parallel to a mylonitic foliation in the host shear
zones. Most of the observed veins rarely exceed 10 cm in thickness. Commonly
observed sulphides are pyrite, chalcopyrite and occasionally pyrrhotite. The
sulphides observed are generally coarse-grained and more abundant in the vein
margins and immediate host rock compared to vein interiors. Sulphides also
appear to follow foliation planes in the sheared diorite.
The contact zone between the diorite-granodiorite and metasedimentary rocks to
the south is only observed to be mineralised where it is in the immediate
vicinity of shear zones in the diorite, which appear to be the main channel
sources for mineralising fluids. Further away from the shear zones, the
contact zone does not appear to be mineralised. The Prospect 3 shear zones
presumably form part of the regional NW-SE trending dextral Redwing shear
zone.
The following photographs from drill core at Prospect 3 show two of the
different styles of veining from narrow veins within granodiorite (Figure 2)
to wider silicified zones within the diorite (Figure 3).
Figure 2: Close up photograph of cut core from borehole NSDDIR018 showing
sections of core between 26.33m and 34.70m (above) with 1m @ 11.32g/t Au
Figure 3: Close up photograph of core from borehole NSDDIR015 showing
sections of core between 52.44m and 60.08m 2 reefs intersected. The upper reef
0.60m @ 7.82g/t Au and the lower reef 0.87m @ 5.58g/t Au. The gold bearing
quartz veins are sub-parallel to fabric in granodiorite.
Figure 4 below, shows a cross-section that includes both photographed
intersections shown above, while Figure 5 is an oblique view of Prospect 3,
showing lithology, interpreted structures, artisanal workings and assay grades
on borehole traces.
Figure 4: Cross-section looking NW through Section Line 3 at Prospect 3
showing significant intersections.
Figure 5: Oblique view of Prospect 3 looking NW and showing surficial geology,
interpreted structural features, artisanal workings and diamond drill hole
traces with gold grades down hole plotted as histogram (red) and scale bar for
5 g/t Au. The inset 3D schematic is a visual representation of Prospect 3
geological setting prepared by a PhD structural candidate working on the
Hillside area.
Two structural specialists from Murgana Geological Consulting Ltd. are
currently on site at Hillside carrying out detailed structural work to
identify the various vein sets present and their relationship to the numerous
shear zones, "reefs", faults and mineralisation intersected in the artisanal
workings, and Kavango's drill holes.
The surveyed collar locations and drill hole data are tabulated in the
attached JORC table while a complete list of significant intercepts using a
0.7g/t Au cut-off are presented in Table 1, below.
Table 1: : Table of significant intercepts using a 0.7g/t Au cut-off.
HoleID m_from m_to length Au g/t comments
NSDDIR001 43.00 44.00 1.00 2.88
NSDDIR002 0.00 0.30 0.30 0.81
NSDDIR002 5.00 6.00 1.00 1.11
NSDDIR002 30.50 32.20 1.70 1.80
NSDDIR002 50.30 51.00 0.70 1.20
NSDDIR003 14.45 15.70 1.25 1.81
NSDDIR003 45.00 46.00 1.00 3.37
NSDDIR004 0.00 3.00 3.00 0.37
NSDDIR004 13.50 14.00 0.50 3.36
NSDDIR004 29.00 30.00 1.00 1.78
NSDDIR004 37.00 38.00 1.00 0.72
NSDDIR004 40.00 40.85 0.85 0.70
NSDDIR005 28.50 29.50 1.00 2.51
NSDDIR005 47.00 48.00 1.00 1.07
NSDDIR005 56.70 57.70 1.00 1.33
NSDDIR005 76.20 77.20 1.00 1.12
NSDDIR005 82.40 82.80 0.40 0.87
NSDDIR007 13.00 14.00 1.00 1.35
NSDDIR007 17.75 18.40 0.65 1.92
NSDDIR007 45.15 45.65 0.50 1.08
NSDDIR007 63.50 64.50 1.00 1.44
NSDDIR008 38.20 38.75 0.55 0.71
NSDDIR009 0.00 0.90 0.90 18.11
NSDDIR009 3.64 5.70 2.06 1.71
NSDDIR009 40.50 46.15 5.65 1.09
NSDDIR009 56.45 56.80 0.35 0.80
NSDDIR010 6.15 6.43 0.28 1.73
NSDDIR010 14.00 14.54 0.54 1.53
NSDDIR010 22.26 22.56 0.30 0.89
NSDDIR010 51.64 51.94 0.30 0.83
NSDDIR011 8.92 9.40 0.48 0.73
NSDDIR011 18.68 19.22 0.54 0.81
NSDDIR011 22.50 24.00 1.50 0.91
NSDDIR011 34.44 35.15 0.71 0.78
NSDDIR012 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.71
NSDDIR012 44.00 46.50 2.50 0.75
NSDDIR012 57.50 65.82 8.32 1.07
NSDDIR012 75.15 76.50 1.35 0.82
NSDDIR012 89.75 90.12 0.37 3.69
NSDDIR013 11.00 11.62 0.62 0.70
NSDDIR013 17.20 20.37 3.17 0.88
NSDDIR014 30.80 31.80 1.00 0.76
NSDDIR014 39.95 40.95 1.00 0.92
NSDDIR015 17.00 19.45 2.45 0.85
NSDDIR015 26.58 27.58 1.00 1.38
NSDDIR015 52.40 53.00 0.60 7.82
NSDDIR015 56.83 57.70 0.87 5.58
NSDDIR016 53.02 53.32 0.30 0.70
NSDDIR016 58.34 60.32 1.98 1.45 mineralization appears to continue
NSDDIR017 2.67 3.50 0.83 1.35
NSDDIR017 23.00 23.68 0.68 1.23
NSDDIR017 44.41 44.75 0.34 2.06
NSDDIR017 54.00 55.00 1.00 1.08
NSDDIR018 22.20 22.50 0.30 0.76
NSDDIR018 29.00 30.70 1.70 7.10
NSDDIR018 35.50 36.75 1.25 2.20
NSDDIR018 43.00 46.18 3.18 2.23
NSDDIR018 53.65 58.80 5.15 2.06
NSDDIR018 59.80 60.09 0.29 1.79 mineralization appears to continue
NSDDIR019 12.03 13.00 0.97 1.58
NSDDIR019 15.70 20.00 4.30 1.18
NSDDIR019 40.00 40.20 0.20 1.82
NSDDIR019 56.00 57.00 1.00 0.77
NSDDIR021 31.82 32.13 0.31 0.80
NSDDIR021 33.54 33.84 0.30 1.54
NSDDIR021 43.06 43.58 0.52 0.88
NSDDIR021 45.73 47.00 1.27 2.57
NSDDIR022 53.61 55.08 1.47 1.30
NSDDIR023 43.64 44.00 0.36 1.73
NSDDIR023 51.00 52.60 1.60 1.11
NSDDIR023 54.37 55.00 0.63 2.03
NSDDIR023 56.90 58.11 1.21 1.46
NSDDIR023 58.58 60.54 1.96 0.87 mineralization appears to continue
NSDDIR024 11.23 12.23 1.00 1.63
NSDDIR024 46.00 46.35 0.35 0.71
NSDDIR024 52.00 52.37 0.37 1.06
NSDDIR024 59.15 59.40 0.25 1.25
NSDDIR025 13.20 13.67 0.47 1.19
NSDDIR025 18.08 23.00 4.92 0.67
NSDDIR025 29.11 36.90 7.79 1.35
NSDDIR025 46.75 47.75 1.00 0.74
NSDDIR026 4.00 5.00 1.00 1.52
NSDDIR026 19.00 20.00 1.00 1.94
NSDDIR028 7.23 7.47 0.24 1.13
NSDDIR028 14.50 16.47 1.97 3.67
NSDDIR028 23.45 23.89 0.44 1.98
NSDDIR028 32.96 35.59 2.63 1.79
NSDDIR028 47.89 52.00 4.11 1.85
NSDDIR029 35.50 38.00 2.50 2.36
NSDDIR029 52.38 54.00 1.62 1.99
NSDDIR030 0.00 1.47 1.47 0.72
NSDDIR030 19.00 23.00 4.00 2.02
NSDDIR030 33.00 34.00 1.00 0.78
NSDDIR030 47.26 47.56 0.30 0.72
NSDDIR030 58.00 59.00 1.00 0.82
NSDDIR031 16.44 16.92 0.48 0.88
NSDDIR031 24.32 25.44 1.12 2.20
NSDDIR031 42.00 43.00 1.00 0.79
NSDDIR031 47.70 48.00 0.30 1.60
NSDDIR032 27.64 28.64 1.00 3.66
NSDDIR033 14.00 15.00 1.00 1.52
NSDDIR034 14.75 16.75 2.00 0.94
~Drill collars were surveyed by DGPS
#Drill hole NSDDIR006 was not drilled due to the proximity of artisanal
surface workings and drill hole NSDDIR005 was extended to compensate.
*NSDDIR013 was stopped due to intersecting voids and broken ground thought to
be back filled artisanal workings and NSDDIR012 was extended to compensate.
All the other holes were successfully completed.
The Company is awaiting the completion of ongoing metallurgical test work and
has submitted all geological data and assays for modelling to produce an
initial maiden resource. If warranted, further work will include the design of
a mining and processing plan.
New Phase of Drilling Planned
Following the success of the definition drilling over block 1, Kavango is
initiating a new drilling program, designed to delineate mineralisation from
northwest to southeast across the granodiorite contact, down to a vertical
depth of 200m. The first phase of this programme will comprise diamond
drilling and if warranted a second phase of Reverse Circulation ("RC")
drilling.
Next Steps
· Community engagement is underway to ensure safe access to
artisanal areas prior to drilling.
· Site preparations, including drill pad and access road work, are
being completed
Further updates will be provided as the project progresses.
Spiral Decline Mining
The goldfields of the Yilgarn craton in Western Australia share many
similarities in terms of the host rocks, orebody styles, and reef grades with
the greenstone belts in Zimbabwe.
Like Zimbabwe, Australia has a long history of small-scale shaft and handheld
mining that occurred during the various gold rushes of the late 1800s and
throughout the 1900s. These artisanal style mines were similar in many ways to
current operations in Zimbabwe, targeting near surface high-grade narrow
reefs, often hosted in shears or faults or on lithological boundaries within
various rock units contained within the greenstone belts.
As these high-grade near surface orebodies were depleted and the remaining
orebodies became deeper and lower grade, there were many technological
advancements, innovations, and mining process improvements in Australia. These
occurred from the 1970s onwards to make mining operations safer, cheaper
(capital and operating), and more productive so lower-grade, thinner orebodies
could be mined profitably.
This evolution in mining was marked by the shift from shaft access to spiral
decline tunnel access. Spiral decline mines are characterised by corkscrew
tunnels that are bored into the Earth's crust. Tunnels along the ore reefs are
driven horizontally, which are then subsequently mined vertically stoping out
the orebody. Ore is extracted from the stopes using specialised remote
operated loaders and is then placed into stockpiles. Up to 60-tonne trucks are
then used to haul the stockpiled ore to the surface via the spiral decline.
Thanks to the development of mechanised stoping techniques, such as sub-level
long hole open stoping, spiral decline mines in Australia are able to produce
up to 10 times the volume of ore per day as mines that traditionally used
shafts as the only means to both access and extract the orebody.
Figure 6: Illustrative design of an idealised spiral decline mining operation.
While mechanised stoping techniques are highly productive and cost efficient,
handheld (airleg) mining still has a place in modern mining as it is useful to
mine very narrow orebodies that have large dip variations and dip inflections
over short distances. In some cases, these techniques are used to mine flat
dipping narrow orebodies (less than 40 degrees), where the ore does not freely
rill to the extraction level via gravity.
Handheld mining, however, is much less prevalent than what it was in the past
and mechanised stoping methods have become prevalent due to their higher
inherent safety, productivity, and lower operating costs.
The majority (>90%) of narrow vein underground mines in Australia operate
with mechanised stoping methods only, although some may use airleg stoping in
certain cases. The mine design and layouts, accuracy of the long-hole
drilling, and the long-hole charging and firing techniques have been improved
and refined over many decades to the point now that stopes can be consistently
mined to 1m true width or less (down to 0.8m). Examples of mechanised open
stope operations that have been successfully mined for many years to narrow
widths in Western Australia include, but are not limited to, Jundee, Plutonic,
Scotia, OK and First Hit.
Kavango's Operations in Zimbabwe
Kavango is exploring for gold deposits in Zimbabwe that have the potential to
be developed into commercial scale production quickly through modern
mechanised mining and processing. The Company is targeting both open-pit and
underground opportunities.
Kavango has two projects on the Filabusi greenstone belt, Hillside and Nara.
Kavango exercised its option to acquire Hillside in April 2024. Here, the
Company has two high priority targets it aims to bring into production over
the next 18 months: Prospect 3 and Prospect 4. At Prospect 3, Kavango is
investigating the potential for a selective open-pit mining operation,
followed by underground mechanised mining. Meanwhile, at Prospect 4 Kavango is
pursuing a high-grade mechanised underground mining opportunity.
In parallel to this, Kavango holds an option to acquire the Nara Project that
has an exercise date towards the end of June 2025. Here, the Company is
exploring for a large-scale, mechanisable underground deposit. The primary
target zone is around the historic N1 mine, where the Company is assessing the
potential to expand artisanal workings both at depth and along strike.
Further information in respect of the Company and its business interests is
provided on the Company's website at www.kavangoresources.com and on Twitter
at #KAV.
For further information please contact:
Kavango Resources
plc
Ben Turney
+46 7697 406 06
First Equity (Broker)
+44 207 374 2212
Jason Robertson
Kavango Competent Person Statement
The technical information contained in this announcement pertaining to geology
and exploration have been compiled by Mr David Catterall, a Competent Person
and a member of a Recognised Professional Organisations (ROPO). David
Catterall has sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of
mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity
being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012
Edition of the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC 2012). David is the principal geologist at
Tulia Blueclay Limited and a consultant to Kavango Resources. David Catterall
is a member of the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions, a
recognised professional organisation.
The technical information contained in this announcement pertaining to mining
and processing has been compiled by Mr Craig Hatch, a Competent Person and a
member of a Recognised Professional Organisations (ROPO). Craig Hatch has
sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mining and processing
the type of deposit under consideration and to the activities being proposed
to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the
Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and
Ore Reserves (JORC 2012). Craig is the Principal Mining Engineer of Minorex
Pty Ltd and a consultant to Kavango Resources and is a member of the
Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM), a recognised
professional organisation.
Kavango Resources plc Sampling Techniques and Data for Hillside Project Diamond Drilling. Zimbabwe
Last updated: 16 April 2025
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections)
JORC Code. 2012 Edition - Table 1 report
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Sampling techniques Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut channels. random chips. or specific · The information in this release relates to the technical details from
specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals the Company's exploration and drilling programs on the Hillside Project which
under investigation. such as down hole gamma sondes. or handheld XRF lies within the Filabusi Greenstone Belt, Matabeleland, Zimbabwe.
instruments. etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad
meaning of sampling. · Diamond drilling (HQ & NQ) was carried out and half core samples
were taken from the entire hole.
· Core was cut into two using a commercial core saw adjacent to the Ori
line to produce two splits as mirror images with regards to igneous textures,
sedimentary bedding and where possible structural fabric.
· Samples were taken based on geological contacts, and/or of up to
approximately 1m in length. The minimum sample width is 30cm to cater for
distinct quartz veins which may be diluted and obscured if 1m widths were to
be maintained.
· Samples were submitted for a 25g fire assay with AAS finish. by
Performance Laboratories (Pvt) Ltd. Harare, Zimbabwe.
· Selected samples will be sent to a check lab, ALS Johannesburg, for
referee fire assay comparison.
· Kavango routinely takes pXRF readings along the core using an Olympus
Vanta on Geochem 3 beam mode for 60 seconds.
Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the · All Kavango's diamond core samples were geologically logged by
appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used suitably qualified geologists on site.
· Sample representativity was ensured where possible by drilling
perpendicular to structures of interest, and by the sample preparation
technique in the laboratory.
· The entire borehole diamond drill core was sampled based on
geological logging, with the ideal sampling interval being 1m, whilst ensuring
that sample interval does not cross any logged feature of interest (e.g.
lithological contact. alteration. mineralisation or structure).
· Individual core samples are weighed at the field camp.
· Upon arrival at Performance lab, the samples are dried at +/-
105° Celsius for 8 to 12 hours.
· Entire sample is crushed to 100% passing 4.75mm. The crushers
have inline rotary splitters that split off 500g of sample that is pulverized.
· The 500g split is pulverized in a Rocklabs pot and puck
pulveriser with 85% passing minus 75μm.
· A standard 25g aliquot is used for Fire Assay.
· Following industry best practice. a series of certified reference
materials (CRM's), duplicates and blanks were included for QAQC as outlined
further below.
Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public
Report.
In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively
simple (e.g. 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from
which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other
cases. more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold
that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation
types (e.g. submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.
Drilling techniques Drill type (e.g. core. reverse circulation. open-hole hammer. rotary air · Each hole was drilled using diamond drill operated by either Equity
blast. auger. Bangka. sonic. etc) and details (e.g. core diameter. triple or Drilling, EGR (C&Z Investments Limited) or Spartan Drilling Services.
standard tube. depth of diamond tails. face-sampling bit or other type.
whether core is oriented and if so. by what method. etc). · EGR drilling use HWT and NWT size drilling equipment incorporating a
Chines split tube/core barrel for better core retention while Equity &
Spartan use HQ and NQ diameter and recovered using a conventional core barrel.
Drill sample recovery Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results · Core recovery was monitored closely throughout.
assessed.
· Recovery in rock was >95% averaged across the hole.
· Any voids were noted.
Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of · Samples prepared for assay are taken consistently from the same side
the samples. of the core cutting line to avoid bias.
· Geologists frequently check the core cutting procedures to ensure the
core cutter splits the core correctly in half.
· Core samples for assay are selected within logged geological,
structural, mineralisation and alteration constraints.
· Samples are collected from distinct geological domains with
sufficient width to avoid overbias.
Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether · For Diamond drilling sample recovery was generally very good and as
sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse such it is not expected that any such bias exists.
material.
· Any intervals with <95% core recovery were flagged in the database
Logging Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged · Kavango's Diamond drill core samples are logged by a team of
to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation. qualified geologists using predefined lithological, mineralogical, physical
mining studies and metallurgical studies. characteristic (colour, weathering etc) and logging codes.
· Diamond drill core was marked up on site and Geotechnical logging was
completed at the rig to ensure recoveries were adequately recorded.
· Lithological, structural, alteration and mineralisation are logged at
camp
· The core is securely stored at the base camp.
· The geologists on site follow industry best practice and standard
operating procedure for diamond core drilling processes.
· The core is photographed wet and dry with pXRF and magnetic
susceptibility data also captured.
· ScanIT is also used for logging.
· Density measurements were determined by Archimedes density
measurements i.e. using a precision balance to weigh sample in air and in
submerged in water. A representative piece of core was selected from each
sample for density measurement.
· The QA/QC compilation of all logging results are stored and backed up
on a data cloud.
Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean. · All logging is conducted in accordance with Kavango's SOP and
channel. etc) photography. standard published logging charts and classification for grain size,
abundance, colour and lithologies to maintain a qualitative and
semi-quantitative standard based on visual estimation.
· Magnetic susceptibility readings are also taken every metre and/or
half metre using a ZH Instruments SM-20/SM-30 reader.
· All core drilled was photographed wet and dry according to industry
best practice.
· ScanIT tool and software are routinely used for logging and to
provide a repository for all the data captured
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. · 100% of all recovered intervals are geologically logged.
Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation If core. whether cut or sawn and whether quarter. half or all cores taken. · Selected intervals are cut in half with a commercial core cutter.
using a 2mm thick blade
· One half is sampled for analysis while the other half is kept for
reference.
· Some of the retained half core is submitted for metallurgical test
work.
· For selected samples core is quartered and both quarters sampled as
an original and field replicate/duplicate sample.
If non-core. whether riffled. tube sampled. rotary split. etc and whether · All drilling to date has been diamond drilling.
sampled wet or dry
For all sample types. the nature. quality and appropriateness of the sample · Field sample preparation is suitable for the core samples.
preparation techniques
· The laboratory sample preparation technique is considered appropriate
and suitable for the core samples and expected grades.
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise · Kavango's standard field QAQC procedures for drilling samples include
representivity of samples. the field insertion of blanks, an appropriate selection of standards, field
duplicates, replicates, and selection of requested laboratory pulp and coarse
crush duplicates.
· These are being inserted at a rate of 2.5- 5% each to ensure an
appropriate rate of QAQC.
Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ · Sampling is deemed appropriate for the type of survey and equipment
material collected. including for instance results for field used.
duplicate/second-half sampling.
· Duplicates are not deemed appropriate for this type of gold
mineralisation. The half core reference would not to be submitted or a
quarter. This could potentially bias the sample due to the nugget effect and
vein hosted nature of the mineralisation and would reduce the sample volume.
· Laboratory duplicates are produced from the crushed and milled core.
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being · On occasions gold from this project may be coarse, therefore, some
sampled. nugget effect is expected. This is minimised by using the largest diameter of
core possible with the available equipment, and by utilising halved rather
than quartered core for assay.
Quality of assay data and laboratory tests The nature. quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory · A company audit was made of the assay laboratory in this case
procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. Performance Laboratories before it was engaged.
· The digest and fire assay technique provide a total analysis method.
· Between 5% and 20% of submitted samples consisted of additional
blank, duplicate (lab duplicate from splitting the pulp), and standard
samples.
· Round robin and accreditation results for the laboratory were
reviewed and considered acceptable.
· The company's QAQC samples, including standards, are considered to
confirm acceptable bias and precision with no contamination issues identified.
For geophysical tools. spectrometers. handheld XRF instruments. etc. the · Kavango use ZH Instruments SM20 and SM30 magnetic susceptibility
parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and meters for measuring magnetic susceptibilities and readings are randomly
model. reading times. calibrations factors applied and their derivation. etc. repeated to ensure reproducibility and consistency of the data.
· An Olympus Vanta C-series pXRF instrument is used in 3-beam
geochemical mode with reading times of 60 seconds in total. Measurements are
taken on clean dry core.
· For the pXRF results no user factor was applied as per Kavango's
SOP. The units are calibrated daily with their respective calibration disks.
· All QAQC samples were reviewed for precision and accuracy. Results
were deemed repeatable and representative:
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (e.g. standards. blanks. · For pXRF appropriate certified reference materials are inserted on a
duplicates. external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of ratio of 1:25 samples.
accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established.
· Repeat readings are taken every 25 samples. and blank samples are
inserted every 25 samples.
· QAQC samples are reviewed for consistency.
· pXRF CRM values show a slight positive bias. including for Cu.
· At low levels (<10ppm) silver values in particular are scattered.
· When laboratory assay results are received blank, standard, and
duplicate values are reviewed to monitor lab performance.
· Performance Lab insert their own CRM's, duplicates and blanks and
follow their own SOP for quality control.
· External referee laboratory checks will be carried out as and when
sufficient holes have been drilled to warrant.
Verification of sampling and assaying The verification of significant intersections by either independent or · All drill core intersections were verified by peer review.
alternative company personnel.
· The Company's internal CP reviewed sampling and has visited site
and the laboratory to verify protocols.
· Assay data was received as assay certificates and cross checked
against sample submission data to ensure a correct match.
The use of twinned holes. · No twinned holes have been drilled to date.
Documentation of primary data. data entry procedures. data verification. data · All data is electronically stored with peer review of data
storage (physical and electronic) protocols. processing and modelling.
· Data entry procedures standardized in SOP data checking and
verification routine.
· Data storage is on a cloud storage facility with access controls
and automatic backup.
Discuss any adjustment to assay data. · No adjustments were made to assay data.
Location of data points Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and · Kavango's drill collar coordinates are captured by using handheld
down-hole surveys). trenches. mine workings and other locations used in Garmin GPS and verified by a second handheld Garmin GPS.
Mineral Resource estimation.
· Drill holes are routinely re-surveyed with differential DGPS at
regular intervals to ensure sub-metre accuracy as and when sufficient holes
warrant.
· Downhole surveys of drill holes were done using an AXIS ChampMag
tool or the Champ Gyro (for DTH).
Specification of the grid system used. · The grid system used is UTM 35S Arc 1950. All reported coordinates
are referenced to this grid.
Quality and adequacy of topographic control. · Topographic control is based on satellite survey data collected at
30m resolution. Quality is considered acceptable.
Data spacing and distribution Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. · Data spacing and distribution of all survey types is deemed
appropriate for the type of survey and equipment used.
Whether the data spacing. and distribution is sufficient to establish the
degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource · Drill hole spacing is 25m X 25m spacing and designed to test
and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. different stratigraphic and structural positions as might be expected for this
stage of exploration.
Whether sample compositing has been applied. · N/A
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible · Drill spacing is variable but where possible is on a tight grid,
structures and the extent to which this is known. considering the deposit preferably a 25m x 25m.
type.
· The drill spacing is considered appropriate for this stage of
exploration.
· Hole orientation is designed to intersect the target structures
as perpendicular as is practical.
· This is considered appropriate for the geological setting and for
the known mineralisation styles.
If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of · Existence, and orientation of preferentially mineralised
key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias. structures is not yet fully understood but current available data indicates
this should be assessed and reported if material. mineralisation occurs within steep. sub-vertical structures.
· The drillholes are inclined towards the target, which is
understood to dip towards the drillhole at a steep angle (actual geometry to
be confirmed by a second hole on section in the future).
· The relatively short sample length (typically 1 m) allows for
relatively accurate localization of mineralisation.
· No significant sampling bias is therefore expected.
Sample security The measures taken to ensure sample security. · Diamond core is stored in a secure facility at the field office.
· Sample bags are logged, tagged, double bagged and sealed in plastic
bags stored at the field office.
· Samples are stored in a locked company compound at site and in a
locked container in Bulawayo. They are shipped onwards to the analytical
facility by a reliable commercial courier.
· Diamond core is stored in a secure facility at the field office.
· Sample security includes a chain-of-custody procedure that consists
of filling out sample submittal forms that are sent to the laboratory with
sample shipments to make certain that all samples are received by the
laboratory.
· Prepared samples are transported to the analytical laboratory in
sealed bags that are accompanied by appropriate paperwork. including the
original sample preparation request numbers and chain-of-custody forms.
Audits or reviews The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. · The CP has visited both site and the laboratory utilised and considered
practices and SOPs at both as acceptable.
· The CP reviewed all data and spot-checked significant values versus
certificates.
JORC Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement and land tenure status Type. reference name/number. location and ownership including agreements or · The Hillside Project consists of 44 gold claims.
material issues with third parties such as joint ventures. partnerships.
overriding royalties. native title interests. historical sites. wilderness or · Kavango entered into an option agreement with the vendors, dated
national park and environmental settings. 25 July 2023.
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known · This was exercised on 23 April 2024 with respect to Hillside and
impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area. Leopard South.
· Leopard North remains subject to a call option valid to June
2025.
· Transfer of the Claims is presently underway.
· More details are provided here
https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/kavango_resources_plc/news/rns/story/w9nq44r
(https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/kavango_resources_plc/news/rns/story/w9nq44r)
Exploration done by other parties Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. · The project contains a historic high-grade underground mine that
produced a reported 18,000 ounces of gold from ore at a grade of 7.7 grams per
tonne over a strike length of more than 350m.
Geology Deposit type. geological setting and style of mineralisation. · The Hillside prospect is located within the Filabusi Greenstone
Belt. The Balmoral Granitic Stock bounds the greenstones to the west.
Granodiorite with abundant xenoliths of meta-sediment underlies most of the
prospect. Meta-sediments are of the Riverside Formation, Upper Bulawayan Group
and consist of meta-basalt, meta-argillite and banded ironstone. The Redwing
Shear passes to the south of the prospect with a roughly east west
orientation.
· Multiple relatively close spaced sub parallel shear zones within
the diorite were mined in the past and are currently being exploited by
artisanal contract tribute miners.
· Three historical gold mines occur within the Hillside prospect;
these include Bill's Luck, Britain and Nightshift mines.
· Bill's Luck produced 17,946 oz gold at a grade of 7.7 g/t gold
and
· Britain produced 335 oz at a grade of 10.08 g/t gold.
· No accurate figures exist for Nightshift mine.
Drill hole Information A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration · Summary table of all completed Kavango diamond drill holes that form
results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material the focus of the current program is presented below.
drill holes:
· The holes were surveyed and sited using a handheld GPS
easting and northing of the drill hole collar
· Upon completion of drilling a DGPS survey was completed by
elevation or RL (Reduced Level - elevation above sea level in metres) of the professional surveyors.
drill hole collar
· Position format: UTM UPS; Map datum Arc 1950 Zone 35S.
dip and azimuth of the hole
down hole length and interception depth
hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the
information is not Material, and this exclusion does not detract from the
understanding of the report. the Competent Person should clearly explain why
this is the case.
No. Hole ID Easting Northing Rl Azimuth Dip EOH depth (m) comments
1 NSDDIR001 727694 7734017 1042 208 -60 62.64 surveyed by DGPS
2 NSDDIR002 727682 7733995 1042 208 -60 61.32 surveyed by DGPS
3 NSDDIR003 727670 7733975 1043 208 -60 62.68 surveyed by DGPS
4 NSDDIR004 727658 7733952 1044 208 -60 61.34 surveyed by DGPS
5 NSDDIR005 727646 7733926 1045 208 -60 102.00 surveyed by DGPS
6 NSDDIR006 727629 7733899 1050 Not drilled
7 NSDDIR007 727626 7733895 1047 208 -60 101.82 surveyed by DGPS
8 NSDDIR008 727670 7734029 1041 208 -60 62.93 surveyed by DGPS
9 NSDDIR009 727657 7734006 1041 208 -60 59.98 surveyed by DGPS
10 NSDDIR010 727644 7733985 1042 208 -60 59.93 surveyed by DGPS
11 NSDDIR011 727631 7733963 1043 208 -60 61.44 surveyed by DGPS
12 NSDDIR012 727618 7733940 1044 208 -60 101.84 surveyed by DGPS
13 NSDDIR013 727605 7733919 1045 208 -60 27.27 Abandoned
14 NSDDIR014 727592 7733897 1045 208 -60 60.00 surveyed by DGPS
15 NSDDIR015 727705 7733983 1043 208 -60 60.08 surveyed by DGPS
16 NSDDIR016 727693 7733959 1044 208 -60 60.32 surveyed by DGPS
17 NSDDIR017 727683 7733941 1045 208 -60 60.75 surveyed by DGPS
18 NSDDIR018 727669 7733915 1046 208 -60 60.38 surveyed by DGPS
19 NSDDIR019 727656 7733889 1048 208 -60 60.05 surveyed by DGPS
20 NSDDIR020 727647 7733872 1049 208 -60 60.68 surveyed by DGPS
21 NSDDIR021 727737 7733991 1043 208 -60 60.18 surveyed by DGPS
22 NSDDIR022 727725 7733966 1044 208 -60 60.15 surveyed by DGPS
23 NSDDIR023 727716 7733946 1045 208 -60 60.85 surveyed by DGPS
24 NSDDIR024 727706 7733925 1046 208 -60 60.79 surveyed by DGPS
25 NSDDIR025 727695 7733900 1047 208 -60 60.45 surveyed by DGPS
26 NSDDIR026 727685 7733880 1049 208 -60 62.00 surveyed by DGPS
27 NSDDIR027 727674 7733857 1050 208 -60 60.00 surveyed by DGPS
28 NSDDIR028 727761 7733979 1044 208 -60 60.88 surveyed by DGPS
29 NSDDIR029 727748 7733954 1045 208 -60 65.88 surveyed by DGPS
30 NSDDIR030 727737 7733933 1046 208 -60 62.92 surveyed by DGPS
31 NSDDIR031 727726 7733914 1047 208 -60 61.36 surveyed by DGPS
32 NSDDIR032 727712 7733894 1048 208 -60 62.00 surveyed by DGPS
33 NSDDIR033 727704 7733873 1049 208 -60 61.40 surveyed by DGPS
34 NSDDIR034 727691 7733847 1052 208 -60 62.85 surveyed by DGPS
Total meters 2109.16
Data aggregation methods In reporting Exploration Results. weighting averaging techniques. maximum · Results will be reported as and when they are available and have
and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off been reviewed for QAQC and used for interpretation
grades are usually Material and should be stated.
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and
longer lengths of low-grade results. the procedure used for such aggregation
should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be
shown in detail.
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be
clearly stated.
Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration · Down hole intersection widths are used throughout.
Results.
· Most of the drill intersections are into steep to vertically dipping
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is units. True thickness is presently unknown and will be determined based on
known. its nature should be reported. additional drilling.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported. there should · All measurements state that downhole lengths have been used as the
be a clear statement to this effect (eg 'down hole length. true width not true width cannot yet be established by the current drilling.
known').
Diagrams Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts · N/A
should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should
include. but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and
appropriate sectional views.
Balanced reporting Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable. · All core is presently being logged, cut and sampled for dispatch.
representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be
practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results. · Results will be reported as and when they are available and have been
reviewed for QAQC and used for interpretation
Other substantive exploration data Other exploration data. if meaningful and material. should be reported · N/A
including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey
results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of
treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density. groundwater. geotechnical
and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
Further work The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. tests for lateral · N/A
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step- out drilling).
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions. including the
main geological interpretations and future drilling areas. provided this
information is not commercially sensitive
Data aggregation methods
In reporting Exploration Results. weighting averaging techniques. maximum
and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off
grades are usually Material and should be stated.
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and
longer lengths of low-grade results. the procedure used for such aggregation
should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be
shown in detail.
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be
clearly stated.
· Results will be reported as and when they are available and have
been reviewed for QAQC and used for interpretation
Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration
Results.
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is
known. its nature should be reported.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported. there should
be a clear statement to this effect (eg 'down hole length. true width not
known').
· Down hole intersection widths are used throughout.
· Most of the drill intersections are into steep to vertically dipping
units. True thickness is presently unknown and will be determined based on
additional drilling.
· All measurements state that downhole lengths have been used as the
true width cannot yet be established by the current drilling.
Diagrams
Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts
should be included for any significant discovery being reported These should
include. but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and
appropriate sectional views.
· N/A
Balanced reporting
Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable.
representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be
practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.
· All core is presently being logged, cut and sampled for dispatch.
· Results will be reported as and when they are available and have been
reviewed for QAQC and used for interpretation
Other substantive exploration data
Other exploration data. if meaningful and material. should be reported
including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey
results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of
treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density. groundwater. geotechnical
and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
· N/A
Further work
The nature and scale of planned further work (e.g. tests for lateral
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step- out drilling).
Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions. including the
main geological interpretations and future drilling areas. provided this
information is not commercially sensitive
· N/A
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