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REG - Rolls-Royce Holdings - Rolls-Royce 2016 Full Year Results <Origin Href="QuoteRef">RR.L</Origin> - Part 3

- Part 3: For the preceding part double click  ID:nRSN7784Wb 

payables                                               234      242     
 Cash flows on other financial assets and liabilities held for operating purposes         (608)    (305)   
 Net defined benefit post-retirement cost recognised in profit before financing    11     510      213     
 Cash funding of defined benefit post-retirement schemes                           11     (271)    (259)   
 Share-based payments                                                                     35       5       
 Net cash inflow from operating activities before taxation                                1,568    1,254   
 Taxation paid                                                                            (157)    (160)   
 Net cash inflow from operating activities                                                1,411    1,094   
                                                                                                           
 Cash flows from investing activities                                                                      
 Additions of unlisted investments                                                        -        (6)     
 Additions of intangible assets                                                    8      (631)    (408)   
 Disposals of intangible assets                                                           8        4       
 Purchases of property, plant and equipment                                               (585)    (487)   
 Government grants received                                                               15       8       
 Disposals of property, plant and equipment                                               8        33      
 Acquisitions of businesses                                                               (6)      (5)     
 Disposal of discontinued operations                                                      -        (121)   
 Disposals of other businesses                                                            7        2       
 Increase in share in joint ventures                                                      (154)    -       
 Other investments in joint ventures and associates                                       (30)     (15)    
 Cash and cash equivalents in joint ventures reclassified as joint operations             5        -       
 Net cash outflow from investing activities                                               (1,363)  (995)   
                                                                                                           
 Cash flows from financing activities                                                                      
 Repayment of loans                                                                10     (434)    (54)    
 Proceeds from increase in loans and finance leases                                       93       1,150   
 Capital element of finance lease payments                                                (4)      (1)     
 Net cash flow from (decrease)/increase in borrowings and finance leases                  (345)    1,095   
 Interest received                                                                        14       5       
 Interest paid                                                                            (84)     (58)    
 Interest element of finance lease payments                                               (2)      (2)     
 (Increase)/decrease in short-term investments                                            (1)      5       
 Issue of ordinary shares (net of expenses)                                               1        32      
 Purchase of ordinary shares - share buyback                                              -        (433)   
 Purchase of ordinary shares - other                                                      (21)     (2)     
 Redemption of C Shares                                                                   (301)    (421)   
 Net cash (outflow)/inflow from financing activities                                      (739)    221     
                                                                                                           
 Change in cash and cash equivalents                                                      (691)    320     
 Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January                                                   3,176    2,862   
 Exchange gains/(losses) on cash and cash equivalents                                     286      (6)     
 Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December                                                 2,771    3,176   
 
 
3,176 
 
                                                                                                    2016£m  2015£m   
 Reconciliation of movements in cash and cash equivalents to movements in net debt                                   
 Change in cash and cash equivalents                                                                (691)   320      
 Cash flow from decrease/(increase) in borrowings and finance leases                                345     (1,095)  
 Cash flow from (decrease)/increase in short-term investments                                       1       (5)      
 Change in net debt resulting from cash flows                                                       (345)   (780)    
 Net debt (excluding cash and cash equivalents) of joint ventures reclassified to joint operations  (9)     -        
 Exchange gains on net debt                                                                         240     3        
 Fair value adjustments                                                                             (345)   45       
 Movement in net debt                                                                               (459)   (732)    
 Net debt at 1 January excluding the fair value of swaps                                            (124)   608      
 Net debt at 31 December excluding the fair value of swaps                                          (583)   (124)    
 Fair value of swaps hedging fixed rate borrowings                                                  358     13       
 Net debt at 31 December                                                                            (225)   (111)    
 
 
The movement in net funds (defined by the Group as including the items shown below) is as follows: 
 
                                                    At 1 January 2016£m  Funds flow£m  Reclassification of joint ventures to joint operations£m  Exchange differences£m  Fair value adjustments £m  Reclassifications£m  At 31 December  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2016£m          
 Cash at bank and in hand                           662                  96            5                                                         109                     -                          -                    872             
 Money market funds                                 783                  (260)         --                                                        29                      -                          -                    552             
 Short-term deposits                                1,731                (532)         -                                                         148                     -                          -                    1,347           
 Cash and cash equivalents                          3,176                (696)         5                                                         286                     -                          -                    2,771           
 Short-term investments                             2                    1             -                                                         -                       -                          -                    3               
 Current borrowings                                 (417)                350           (9)                                                       (24)                    -                          (69)                 (169)           
 Non-current borrowings                             (2,833)              (1)           -                                                         (11)                    (345)                      69                   (3,121)         
 Finance leases                                     (52)                 (4)           -                                                         (11)                    -                          -                    (67)            
 Net debt excluding the fair value of swaps         (124)                (350)         (4)                                                       240                     (345)                      -                    (583)           
 Fair value of swaps hedging fixed rate borrowings  13                                                                                                                   345                                             358             
 Net debt                                           (111)                (350)         (4)                                                       240                     -                          -                    (225)           
 
 
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity 
 
For the year ended 31 December 2016 
 
                                                                 Attributable to ordinary shareholders                                             
                                                                 Share capital                          Share premium  Capital redemption reserve  Cash flow hedging reserve  Other reserves 1  Retained earnings 2  Total    Non-controlling interests (NCI)  Total equity  
                                                                 £m                                     £m             £m                          £m                         £m                £m                   £m       £m                               £m            
 At 1 January 2015                                               376                                    179            159                         (81)                       78                5,671                6,382    5                                6,387         
 Profit for the year                                             −                                      -              -                           -                          -                 83                   83       1                                84            
 Foreign exchange translation differences on foreign operations  -                                      -              -                           -                          (128)             -                    (128)    (1)                              (129)         
 Reclassified to income statement on disposal of business        -                                      -              -                           -                          1                 -                    1        -                                1             
 Movements on post-retirement schemes                            -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (722)                (722)    -                                (722)         
 Share of comprehensive income of joint ventures and associates  -                                      -              -                           (19)                       -                 -                    (19)     -                                (19)          
 Related tax movements                                           -                                      -              -                           -                          (2)               257                  255      -                                255           
 Total comprehensive income for the year                         -                                      -              -                           (19)                       (129)             (382)                (530)    -                                (530)         
 Arising on issues of ordinary shares                            -                                      1              -                           -                          -                 -                    1        -                                1             
 Issue of C Shares4                                              -                                      -              (430)                       -                          -                 2                    (428)    -                                (428)         
 Redemption of C Shares                                          -                                      -              423                         -                          -                 (423)                -        -                                -             
 Ordinary shares purchased - buyback5                            -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (433)                (433)    -                                (433)         
 Ordinary shares cancelled5                                      (9)                                    -              9                           -                          -                 -                    -        -                                -             
 Ordinary shares purchased - other                               -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (2)                  (2)      -                                (2)           
 Share-based payments - direct to equity3                        -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 30                   30       -                                30            
 Transactions with NCI                                           -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 -                    -        (3)                              (3)           
 Related tax movements                                           -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (6)                  (6)      -                                (6)           
 Other changes in equity in the year                             (9)                                    1              2                           -                          -                 (832)                (838)    (3)                              (841)         
 At 1 January 2016                                               367                                    180            161                         (100)                      (51)              4,457                5,014    2                                5,016         
 Loss for the year                                               -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (4,032)              (4,032)  -                                (4,032)       
 Foreign exchange translation differences on foreign operations  -                                      -              -                           -                          861               -                    861      -                                861           
 Movements on post-retirement schemes                            -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 495                  495      -                                495           
 Share of comprehensive income of joint ventures and associates  -                                      -              -                           (7)                        -                 (2)                  (9)      -                                (9)           
 Related tax movements                                           -                                      -              -                           -                          4                 (179)                (175)    -                                (175)         
 Total comprehensive income for the year                         -                                      -              -                           (7)                        865               (3,718)              (2,860)  -                                (2,860)       
 Arising on issues of ordinary shares                            -                                      1              -                           -                          -                 -                    1        -                                1             
 Issue of C Shares4                                              -                                      -              (301)                       -                          -                 1                    (300)    -                                (300)         
 Redemption of C Shares                                          -                                      -              302                         -                          -                 (302)                -        -                                -             
 Ordinary shares purchased                                       -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (21)                 (21)     -                                (21)          
 Share-based payments - direct to equity3                        -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 30                   30       -                                30            
 Related tax movements                                           -                                      -              -                           -                          -                 (2)                  (2)      -                                (2)           
 Other changes in equity in the year                             -                                      1              1                           -                          -                 (294)                (292)    -                                (292)         
 At 31 December 2016                                             367                                    181            162                         (107)                      814               445                  1,862    2                                1,864         
 
 
1   Other reserves include a merger reserve of £3m and a translation reserve of £811m. 
 
2   At 31 December 2016, 6,854,216 ordinary shares with a net book value of £56m (2015: 5,894,064, 2014: 14,561,097
ordinary shares with net book values of £52m and £129m respectively) were held for the purpose of share-based payment plans
and included in retained earnings. During the year, 1,955,390 ordinary shares with a net book value of £17m (2015:
10,892,026 shares with a net book value of £98m) vested in share-based payment plans. During the year the Company acquired
165,542 (2015: 224,993) of its ordinary shares via reinvestment of dividends received on its own shares and purchased
2,750,000 (2015: 2,000,000) of its ordinary shares through purchases on the London Stock Exchange. 
 
3   Share-based payments- direct to equity is the net of the credit to equity in respect of the share-based charge to the
income statement and the actual cost of shares vesting in the period, excluding those vesting from shares already held. 
 
4  In Rolls-Royce Holdings plc's own financial statements, C Shares are issued from the merger reserve. As this reserve is
eliminated on consolidation, in the consolidated financial statements, the C Shares are shown as being issued from the
capital redemption reserve. 
 
5  Following the completion of the sale of the Energy business to Siemens on 1 December 2014 and further to the
announcement on 19 June 2014 of a £1bn share buyback, the Company put in place a programme to enable the purchase of its
ordinary shares. The aim of the buyback was to reduce the issued share capital of the Company, helping enhance returns for
shareholders. In the year to 31 December 2015, 46,016,303 shares were purchased at an average price of 937p. 44,016,303 of
these shares were cancelled and 2,000,000 were retained for use in share-based payment plans. 
 
1     Basis of preparation and accounting policies 
 
Reporting entity 
 
Rolls-Royce Holdings plc is a company domiciled in the UK. These condensed consolidated year financial statements of the
Company as at and for the year ended 31 December 2016 comprise the Company and its subsidiaries (together referred to as
the "Group") and the Group's interests in joint arrangements and associates. 
 
The consolidated financial statements of the Group as at and for the year ended 31 December 2015 (2015 Annual Report) are
available upon request from the Company Secretary, Rolls----Royce Holdings plc, 62 Buckingham Gate, London SW1E 6AT. 
 
Statement of compliance 
 
These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) adopted for use in the EU. They do not include all of the information required for full annual statements,
and should be read in conjunction with the 2016 Annual Report. 
 
The comparative figures for the financial year 31 December 2015 are not the Group's statutory accounts for that financial
year. Those accounts have been reported on by the Group's auditors and delivered to the registrar of companies. The report
of the auditors was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditors drew attention
by way of emphasis without qualifying their report, and (iii) did not contain a statement under section 498(2) or (3) of
the Companies Act 2006. 
 
The Board of directors approved the condensed consolidated year financial statements on 13 February 2017. 
 
Significant accounting policies 
 
No new accounting policies had a significant impact in 2016. 
 
During the year, the Group has reassessed the categorisation of joint arrangements. As a result of this review, certain
entities, previously classified as joint ventures, have been reclassified as joint operations from 1 January 2016. This
reclassification does not affect profit before tax or net assets, but the Group's share of the individual income statement
and balance sheet categories are included on a proportional basis, rather than as a single figure. The adjustment to the
opening balance was to reclassify £57m of investments in joint ventures to: property, plant and equipment (£41m), inventory
(£19m), receivables (£18m), cash (£5m), payables (£17m) and borrowings (£9m). Prior figures have not been restated. In
addition, following a review of consistency, £92m of accruals have been reclassified as provisions. 
 
Forthcoming accounting standards 
 
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (effective for the year beginning 1 January 2018), provides a single,
principles-based five-step model to be applied to all sales contracts, based on the transfer of control of goods and
services to customers. It replaces the separate models for goods, services and construction contracts currently included in
IAS 11 Construction Contracts and IAS 18 Revenue. 
 
The Group has undertaken significant analysis of how IFRS 15 should be implemented and has taken tentative accounting
policy decisions. Based on this analysis, we expect that adoption of IFRS 15 will have a significant impact on the timing
of recognition of revenue on individual long-term contracts, most particularly in the Civil Aerospace business. The most
significant changes are: 
 
•     IFRS 15 contains more specific requirements on the combination of contracts. Contracts can only be combined if they
are with the same counterparty or related counterparties. The existing standards require contracts with different
counterparties to be combined where that reflects the overall substance of a transaction. As a result, it will no longer be
possible to link contracts entered into at the same time (with an airframer) for installed original equipment (OE) with
long-term contracts (with the aircraft operator) for aftermarket services (LTSAs) relating to that OE. 
 
•     For similar reasons, it will no longer be possible to recognise an intangible asset in respect of contractual
aftermarket rights (relating to future aftermarket business with an operator) when OE is sold to an airframer. 
 
•     For each performance obligation identified, IFRS 15 requires revenue to be recognised based on the transfer of
control of the relevant goods or services. In contrast, under the existing standards, revenue is recognised based on when
risk and reward is transferred. As a result it will no longer be possible to use flying hours (or equivalent) as a basis
for measuring the stage of completion of LTSAs. 
 
•     Compared to IAS 11, IFRS 15 includes only limited guidance on accounting for costs incurred to fulfil a performance
obligation and in general these will be recognised as incurred. It is no longer possible to defer or accrue costs to report
a consistent margin percentage over the term of the LTSAs. 
 
In summary, the impact of these changes will be that upon adoption of IFRS 15: 
 
•     Revenues and costs relating to deliveries of engines will be recognised when they are delivered. The revenue
recognised will comprise that included in the contract with the airframer reduced (if applicable) by any OE concession
agreed with the operator (which IFRS 15 describes as a payment to "a customer's customer"). Consequently, the revenues and
costs recognised on OE deliveries will more closely match the related cash flows. No contractual aftermarket revenue will
be allocated to the OE delivery (where contracts are currently combined - 'linked accounting') and no intangible asset will
be recognised (where contracts are not currently combined - 'unlinked accounting'). This will result in a loss being
recognised on engine deliveries when the direct costs exceed the direct revenues. 
 
•     Revenues on LTSAs will be recognised as services are performed rather than as the equipment is used (engine flying
hours) as is the case under the current accounting policy. The stage of completion will be measured using the actual costs
incurred to date compared to the estimated costs to complete the performance obligation. In practice the bulk of the
revenue and costs will relate to overhaul activity which occurs at distinct points of time during the period of the LTSA.
As the first major overhaul typically occurs some years after delivery, this change will generally defer the recognition of
revenue on LTSAs, as compared to the current accounting policy. 
 
Taken together, had IFRS 15 been applicable with effect from 1 January 2015, the Group currently estimates the results for
the year ended 31 December 2015 would have been as follows: 
 
                                         IAS 11 and IAS 18                 IFRS 15  
                                         Reported£bn        Underlying£bn           Reported£bn  Underlying£bn  
 Revenue                                                                                                        
 Civil Aerospace original equipment                         3.3                                  2.6            
 Civil Aerospace aftermarket services                       3.7                                  3.5            
 Other                                                      6.4                                  6.4            
 Total revenue                           13.7               13.4                    12.8         12.5           
                                                                                                                
 Gross profit                                                                                                   
 Civil Aerospace                                            1.5                                  0.6            
 Other                                                      1.7                                  1.7            
 Total gross profit                      3.3                3.2                     2.4          2.3            
                                                                                                                
 Profit before financing and taxation    1.5                1.5                     0.6          0.6            
 Net financing                           (1.3)              (0.1)                   (1.3)        (0.1)          
 Taxation                                (0.1)              (0.3)                   0.1          (0.1)          
 Profit for the year                     0.1                1.1                     (0.6)        0.4            
                                                                                                                
 Net assets                              5.0                                        2.0                         
 
 
The Group plans to adopt IFRS 15 in 2018 using the 'full' retrospective approach. The comparative 2017 results included in
the 2018 financial statements will be restated, with an adjustment to equity as at 1 January 2017. 
 
The Group will continue to work during 2017 to design, implement and refine procedures to apply the new requirements of
IFRS 15 and to finalise accounting policy choices. As a result of this ongoing work, it is possible that some changes to
the impact above may result.

2    Analysis by business segment 
 
The analysis by Divisions (business segment) is presented in accordance with IFRS 8 Operating segments, on the basis of
those segments whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Board (the Chief Operating Decision Maker as defined
by IFRS 8). 
 
Civil                      development, manufacture, marketing and sales of commercial aero engines and aftermarket
services. 
 
Defence                development, manufacture, marketing and sales of military aero engines and aftermarket services. 
 
Power Systems    development, manufacture, marketing and sales of reciprocating engines and power systems. 
 
Marine                  development, manufacture, marketing and sales of marine-power propulsion systems and aftermarket
services. 
 
Nuclear                 development, manufacture, marketing and sales of nuclear systems for civil power generation and
naval propulsion systems. 
 
The operating results are prepared on an underlying basis, which the Board considers reflects better the economic substance
of the Group's trading during the year and provides financial measures that, together with the results prepared in
accordance with Adopted IFRS, allow better analysis of the factors affecting the year's results compared to the prior
period. The principles adopted to determine the underlying results are: 
 
Underlying revenues and costs - Where revenues and costs are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency
of the Group undertaking and the Group hedges the net exposure, these reflect the achieved exchange rates arising on
derivative contracts settled to cover the net exposure. These achieved exchange rates are applied to all relevant revenues
and costs, including those for which there is a natural offsetting position, rather than translating the offsetting
transactions at spot rates. The underlying profits would be the same under both approaches, but the Board considers that
the approach taken provides a better indication of trends over time. 
 
Underlying profit before financing - In addition to impact of exchange rates on revenues and costs above, adjustments have
been made to exclude one-off past service credits on post-retirement schemes, exceptional restructuring costs (associated
with the substantial closure or exit of a site, facility or line of business, or other major transformation activities),
the effect of acquisition accounting, the effect of business disposals, the impairment of goodwill, and in 2016 financial
penalties from agreements with investigating bodies. 
 
Underlying profit before taxation - In addition to those adjustments in underlying profit before financing: 
 
•     includes amounts realised from settled derivative contracts and revaluation of relevant assets and liabilities to
exchange rates forecast to be achieved from future settlement of derivative contracts; and 
 
•     excludes unrealised amounts arising from revaluations required by IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement, changes in value of financial RRSA contracts arising from changes in forecast payments, and the net impact of
financing costs related to post-retirement scheme benefits. 
 
Taxation - the tax effect of the adjustments above are excluded from the underlying tax charge. In addition changes in the
amount of recoverable advance corporation tax recognised and the impact of changes in tax rates are also excluded. 
 
This analysis also includes a reconciliation of the underlying results to those reported in the consolidated income
statement. 
 
The 2016 underlying results below are shown at 2015 exchange rates, with the adjustment to 2016 exchange rates shown
separately. 
 
                                                                         Civil                      Defence                          Power Systems     Marine                  Nuclear           Inter-segment  Total reportable segments  
                                                                         £m                         £m                               £m                £m                      £m                £m             £m                         
 For the year ended 31 December 2016                                                                                                                                                                                                       
 Underlying revenue from original equipment                              3,272                      823                              1,609             575                     346               (33)           6,592                      
 Underlying revenue from aftermarket services                            3,634                      1,229                            751               437                     415               (35)           6,431                      
 Total underlying revenue at 2015 exchange rates                         6,906                      2,052                            2,360             1,012                   761               (68)           13,023                     
 Translation to 2016 exchange rates                                      161                        157                              295               102                     16                (8)            723                        
 Total underlying revenue                                                7,067                      2,209                            2,655             1,114                   777               (76)           13,746                     
 Gross profit                                                            1,129                      530                              628               216                     117               -              2,620                      
 Commercial and administrative costs                                     (339)                      (127)                            (305)             (207)                   (67)              -              (1,045)                    
 Restructuring                                                           (11)                       10                               -                 3                       -                 -              2                          
 Research and development costs                                          (549)                      (68)                             (157)             (39)                    (6)               -              (819)                      
 Share of results of joint ventures and associates                       96                         15                               1                 -                       -                 -              112                        
 Underlying profit before financing and taxation at 2015 exchange rates  326                        360                              167               (27)                    44                -              870                        
 Translation to 2016 exchange rates                                      41                         24                               24                -                       1                 -              90                         
 Underlying profit before financing and taxation                         367                        384                              191               (27)                    45                -              960                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 For the year ended 31 December 2015                                                                                                                                                                                                       
 Underlying revenue from original equipment                              3,258                      801                              1,618             773                     251               (53)           6,648                      
 Underlying revenue from aftermarket services                            3,675                      1,234                            767               551                     436               (53)           6,610                      
 Total underlying revenue                                                6,933                      2,035                            2,385             1,324                   687               (106)          13,258                     
 Gross profit                                                            1,526                      579                              656               260                     111               7              3,139                      
 Commercial and administrative costs                                     (296)                      (124)                            (296)             (201)                   (53)              -              (970)                      
 Restructuring                                                           (7)                        (8)                              (4)               (16)                    (2)               -              (37)                       
 Research and development costs                                          (515)                      (73)                             (162)             (28)                    14                -              (764)                      
 Share of results of joint ventures and associates                       104                        19                               -                 -                       -                 -              123                        
 Underlying profit before financing and taxation                         812                        393                              194               15                      70                7              1,491                      
 Reconciliation to reported results                                      Total reportable segments  Other businesses* and corporate  Total underlying  Underlying adjustments  Reported results  
                                                                         £m                         £m                               £m                £m                      £m                
 For the year ended 31 December 2016                                                                                                                                                             
 Revenue from original equipment                                         6,592                      20                               6,612             976                     7,588             
 Revenue from aftermarket services                                       6,431                      15                               6,446             921                     7,367             
 Total underlying revenue at 2015 exchange rates                         13,023                     35                               13,058            1,897                   14,955            
 Translation to 2016 exchange rates                                      723                        2                                725               (725)                   -                 
 Total revenue                                                           13,746                     37                               13,783            1,172                   14,955            
 Gross profit                                                            2,620                      6                                2,626             422                     3,048             
 Other operating income                                                  -                          -                                -                 5                       5                 
 Commercial and administrative costs                                     (1,045)                    (51)                             (1,096)           (1,112)                 (2,208)           
 Restructuring                                                           2                          -                                2                 (2)                     -                 
 Research and development costs                                          (819)                      7                                (812)             (106)                   (918)             
 Share of results of joint ventures and associates                       112                        (5)                              107               10                      117               
 Profit before financing and taxation at 2015 exchange rates             870                        (43)                             827               (783)                   44                
 Translation to 2016 exchange rates                                      90                         (2)                              88                (88)                    -                 
 Loss on disposal of businesses                                          -                          -                                -                 (3)                     (3)               
 Profit before financing and taxation                                    960                        (45)                             915               (874)                   41                
 Net financing                                                                                      (102)                            (102)             (4,575)                 (4,677)           
 Profit/(loss) before taxation                                                                      (147)                            813               (5,449)                 (4,636)           
 Taxation                                                                                           (261)                            (261)             865                     604               
 Profit/(loss) for the period                                                                                                        552               (4,584)                 (4,032)           
 Attributable to:                                                                                                                                                                                
 Ordinary shareholders                                                                                                               552               (4,584)                 (4,032)           
 Non-controlling interests                                                                                                           -                 -                       -                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                 
 For the year ended 31 December 2015                                                                                                                                                             
 Revenue from original equipment                                         6,648                      76                               6,724             215                     6,939             
 Revenue from aftermarket services                                       6,610                      20                               6,630             156                     6,786             
 Total revenue                                                           13,258                     96                               13,354            371                     13,725            
 Gross profit                                                            3,139                      64                               3,203             74                      3,277             
 Other operating income                                                  -                          -                                -                 10                      10                
 Commercial and administrative costs                                     (970)                      (55)                             (1,025)           (45)                    (1,070)           
 Restructuring                                                           (37)                       (2)                              (39)              39                      -                 
 Research and development costs                                          (764)                      (1)                              (765)             (53)                    (818)             
 Share of results of joint ventures and associates                       123                        (5)                              118               (18)                    100               
 Profit on disposal of businesses                                        -                          -                                -                 2                       2                 
 Profit before financing and taxation                                    1,491                      1                                1,492             9                       1,501             
 Net financing                                                                                      (60)                             (60)              (1,281)                 (1,341)           
 (Loss)/profit before taxation                                                                      (59)                             1,432             (1,272)                 160               
 Taxation                                                                                           (351)                            (351)             275                     (76)              
 (Loss)/profit for the period                                                                       (410)                            1,081             (997)                   84                
 Attributable to:                                                                                                                                                                                
 Ordinary shareholders                                                                                                               1,080             (997)                   83                
 Non-controlling interests                                                                                                           1                 -                       1                 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
 
 
* Other businesses comprise former Energy businesses not included in the disposal to Siemens in 2014. 
 
                                              Total assets          Total liabilities            Net assets/(liabilities)    
                                              2016£m        2015£m                     2016£m    2015£m                      2016£m  2015£m  
 Civil                                        13,856        11,774                     (14,510)  (8,709)                     (654)   3,065   
 Defence                                      1,759         1,449                      (1,996)   (1,698)                     (237)   (249)   
 Power Systems                                3,837         3,384                      (1,151)   (1,017)                     2,686   2,367   
 Marine                                       1,520         1,488                      (903)     (783)                       617     705     
 Nuclear                                      352           303                        (435)     (324)                       (83)    (21)    
 Inter-segment                                (1,223)       (850)                      1,223     850                         -       -       
 Reportable segments                          20,101        17,548                     (17,772)  (11,681)                    2,329   5,867   
 Other businesses and corporate               51            120                        (183)     (120)                       (132)   -       
 Net funds/(debt)                             3,132         3,252                      (3,357)   (3,363)                     (225)   (111)   
 Tax assets/(liabilities)                     908           341                        (987)     (1,004)                     (79)    (663)   
 Post-retirement scheme surpluses/(deficits)  1,346         1,063                      (1,375)   (1,140)                     (29)    (77)    
                                              25,538        22,324                     (23,674)  (17,308)                    1,864   5,016   
                                                                                                                                                     
 
 
 Group employees average during the year  2016    2015    
 Civil                                    23,800  23,100  
 Defence                                  6,000   6,300   
 Power Systems                            10,300  10,600  
 Marine                                   5,300   6,000   
 Nuclear                                  4,300   4,100   
 Other businesses and corporate1,2        200     400     
                                          49,900  50,500  
 
 
1   Other businesses and corporate includes the Energy businesses not sold to Siemens in 2014 and corporate employees who
do not provide a shared service to the segments. Where corporate functions provide such a service, employees have been
allocated to the segments on an appropriate basis. 2015 figures have been restated on this basis. 
 
2  As described in Note 1, the Group has reclassified certain joint ventures to joint operations from 1 January 2016. This
increased the reported Group employees by 800. 
 
 Underlying adjustments                                                                                           2016                                  2015             
                                                                                                                  Revenue£m  Profit before financing£m  Net financing£m  Taxation£m    Revenue£m  Profit before financing£m  Net financing£m  Taxation£m  
 Underlying performance                                                                                           13,783     915                        (102)            (261)         13,354     1,492                      (60)             (351)       
 Recognise revenue at exchange rate on date of transaction                                                        1,172      -                          -                -             371        -                          -                -           
 Realised losses/(gains) on settled derivative contracts1                                                         -          426                        162              (107)         -          287                        (35)             (51)        
 Net unrealised fair value changes to derivative contracts2                                                       -          -                          (4,420)          792           -          (9)                        (1,306)          270         
 Effect of currency on contract accounting                                                                        -          77                         -                (14)          -          (9)                        -                2           
 Revaluation of trading assets and liabilities                                                                    -          67                         (313)            56            -          (13)                       20               (6)         
 Financial risk and revenue sharing arrangements (RRSAs) - exchange differences and changes in forecast payments  -          -                          (8)              (1)           -          -                          8                (1)         
 Effect of acquisition accounting3                                                                                -          (115)                      -                35            -          (124)                      -                31          
 Impairment of goodwill                                                                                           -          (219)                      -                -             -          (75)                       -                -           
 Pension restructuring4                                                                                           -          (306)                      -                107                                                                              
 Net post-retirement scheme financing                                                                             -          -                          3                (2)           -          -                          32               (12)        
 Disposal of business                                                                                             -          (3)                        -                -             -          2                          -                15          
 Exceptional restructuring                                                                                        -          (129)                      -                34            -          (49)                       -                11          
 Financial penalties from agreements with investigating bodies                                                    -          (671)                      -                -             -          -                          -                -           
 Other                                                                                                            -          (1)                        1                (5)           -          (1)                        -                (2)         
 Reduction in rate of UK corporation tax                                                                          -          -                          -                (30)          -          -                          -                18          
 Total underlying adjustments                                                                                     1,172      (874)                      (4,575)          865           371        9                          (1,281)          275         
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
 Reported per consolidated income statement                                                                       14,955     41                         (4,677)          604           13,725     1,501                      (1,341)          (76)        
 
 
1  The adjustments for realised losses/(gains) on settled derivative contracts include adjustments to reflect the
losses/(gains) in the same period as the related trading cash flows. 
 
2  The adjustments for unrealised fair value changes to derivative contracts include those of equity accounted joint
ventures and exclude those for which the related trading contracts have been cancelled when the fair value changes are
recognised immediately in underlying profit. 
 
3   The adjustment eliminates charges recognised as a result of recognising assets in acquired businesses at fair value. 
 
4  In the UK, tax is provided on pension surpluses at a rate of 35%, which is the relevant rate if the surpluses were to be
return to the Group. 
 
3     Research and development 
 
                                                                                                2016   2015   
                                                                                                £m     £m     
 Expenditure in the year                                                                        (937)  (831)  
 Capitalised as intangible assets                                                               99     51     
 Amortisation of capitalised costs                                                              (147)  (136)  
 Impairment of capitalised costs                                                                (2)    -      
 Net cost                                                                                       (987)  (916)  
 Entry fees received                                                                            73     83     
 Entry fees deferred in respect of charges in future periods                                    (40)   (28)   
 Recognition of previously deferred entry fees                                                  36     43     
 Net cost recognised in the income statement                                                    (918)  (818)  
 Underlying 

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