NCAV equals the companies current assets minus its total liabilities. This gives an additional margin of safety versus book value - on this valuation measure, one is essentially paying nothing for all the fixed assets (buildings, machinery, etc0, or any goodwill items that may exist.
Benjamin Graham's thinking behind the net current asset value, was that he wanted to know what a company would be worth in a liquidation. NCAV values only current assets and ignores all fixed or intangible assets (buildings, machinery, goodwill etc).
Graham showed that if he could buy companies trading at a value of less than their NCAV he would essentially be getting a huge margin of safety, as the fixed and intangible assets were thrown in for free, which may or may not have senior secured loans attached to them.
We provide a 'Liquidation Value' in the margin of safety section of the Stock Report that indicates the discount/premium to NCAV.
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