REG - First Tin PLC - Tellerhäuser Mineral Resource Estimation Update
22/04/2024 07:30
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RNS Number : 4782L First Tin PLC 22 April 2024
22 April 2024
First Tin Plc
("First Tin" or "the Company")
Tellerhäuser Mineral Resource Estimation Update
First Tin PLC ("First Tin"), a tin development company with advanced, low
capex projects in Germany and Australia, is pleased to announce an updated
Mineral Resource Estimate ("MRE") for its 100% owned Tellerhäuser Tin Project
in Germany, completed by independent geological consultants DMT Group ("DMT").
The MRE has been prepared in accordance with the 2012 JORC Code &
Guidelines and based on the additional information obtained from archives in
Hartenstein and Chemnitz.
Highlights:
· Total Indicated plus Inferred tin Mineral Resource Estimate
("MRE") at 0.20% Sn cut-off has increased by 35% from the H&S Consultants
Pty Ltd ("H&SC") 2019 estimate, from 102,900t tin to 138,600t tin.
· Total Indicated only tin MRE at 0.20% Sn cut-off has increased
from the H&SC estimate by 37% from 32,700t tin to 45,000t tin.
· Additional 42,726 tin assays included in the database, of which
1,164 are above the cut-off grade.
· Cut-off has been reduced from 0.50% Sn to 0.20% Sn due to
improved tin prices. At the previously reported 0.50% cut-off grade, there
is a 49% increase in Indicated and Inferred tin MRE from the previous Bara
estimate 2021, which was quoted in the IPO prospectus.
· The additional MRE tonnage in the Indicated category, obtained by
a combination of lower cut-off grade and increased data density, will enable a
longer mine life to be considered in economic evaluations.
First Tin's CEO, Bill Scotting, commented: "This increased MRE is a large step
forward for us at our Tellerhäuser project in Germany. In a world requiring
more tin, but with few advanced projects such as ours, increasing our
resources from historic drilling data mining is extremely valuable. The
additional data from the equivalent of 1311 drillholes and channel samples has
enabled a more robust resource model with significantly more tonnes. The
increase in tonnage, especially in the Indicated category, allows us to
consider a longer mine life in economic evaluations."
The updated Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) is:
Table 1. Tellerhäuser Indicated and Inferred resource
Resource Class Domain Density t/m³ Volume Mm³ Tonnage Mt Sn % Sn t Fe₂O₃ % Zn % Ag ppm In ppm
Skarn 3.60 1.44 5.18 0.57 29,700 17.94 0.78 3.92 40.17
Indicated
Mineralised Schist 2.90 1.65 4.79 0.32 15,300 1.92 0.04 0.94 3.39
Total Indicated 3.26 3.09 9.97 0.45 45,000 10.24 0.42 2.49 22.49
Skarn 3.60 3.17 11.42 0.65 74,000 12.25 0.96 3.67 41.77
Inferred
Mineralised Schist 2.90 2.26 6.55 0.30 19,600 2.33 0.03 0.71 1.09
Total Inferred 3.34 5.43 17.97 0.52 93,600 8.63 0.62 2.59 26.94
The estimation was made by Florian Lowicki and Dr Bernd Teigler of DMT who are
both Competent Persons under the JORC 2012 code and consent to the reporting
of the MRE in the form and context in which it appears here. The JORC Table
1 is appended to the end of this announcement.
The MRE is reported to a 0.2% Sn cut-off grade which corresponds to an average
resource grade of around 0.5% Sn. This is considered by the consultants to
be a reasonable cut-off based on current tin prices.
A comparison with previous estimates is shown in the table below. Note that
GKZ 1991 is a manual estimate and uses a 0.15% Sn cut-off. The rest are
geostatistical estimates and use a cut-off of 0.20% Sn.
Table 2. Tellerhäuser Indicated and Inferred resource comparison (0.20% Sn
cut-off)
Estimated By Resource Category Tonnes (M) Grade (% Sn) Tin (Tonnes)
GKZ 1991 Indicated 8.95 0.47 42,400
Inferred 13.67 0.57 78,500
Total 22.62 0.53 120,900
H&SC 2019 Indicated 6.87 0.48 32,700
Inferred 15.24 0.46 70,200
Total 22.11 0.47 102,900
DMT 2024 Indicated 9.97 0.45 45,000
Inferred 17.97 0.52 93,600
Total 27.93 0.50 138,600
The total MRE conducted by DMT contains around 36,000t (35%) more tin than the
H&SC MRE and around 12,000t (37%) more tin in the Indicated category.
This is partly due to using a higher bulk density (based on many new
measurements obtained from the archives) and on using a slightly larger search
radius.
A direct comparison with the Bara MRE, which used a cut-off of 0.50% Sn, and
re-stating of the DMT MRE at 0.50% Sn cut-off, is provided below for
completeness.
Estimated By Resource Category Tonnes (M) Grade (% Sn) Tin (Tonnes)
Bara 2021 Indicated 2.0 1.0 19,000
Inferred 3.3 1.0 34,000
Total 5.3 1.0 53,000
DMT 2024 Indicated 2.3 1.0 23,000
Inferred 4.9 1.2 56,000
Total 7.2 1.1 79,000
At 0.50% cut-off grade, the total DMT MRE contains around 26,000t (49%) more
tin than the Bara MRE and around 4,000t (21%) more tin in the Indicated
category.
The updated MRE is based on the digitisation of the large amount of additional
historic drilling data discovered in the archives in Hartenstein and
Chemnitz. This data, previously obtained by Wismut during the 1970s and
early 1980s, closes existing gaps in the mineral resource and provides
additional resource volume, at minimal additional cost. An additional 42,726
tin assays have been included in the database, with 1,164 of these reporting
grades over the cut-off of 0.20% Sn.
The following figures show a 3D model of the deposit and a grade-tonnage graph
for Indicated category mineralisation.
The Tellerhäuser project is owned by First Tin's 100% owned German
subsidiary, Saxore Bergbau GmbH.
Enquiries:
First Tin Via SEC Newgate below
Bill Scotting - Chief Executive Officer
Arlington Group Asset Management Limited (Financial Advisor and Joint Broker)
Simon Catt 020 7389 5016
WH Ireland Limited (Joint Broker)
Harry Ansell 020 7220 1670
SEC Newgate (Financial Communications)
Elisabeth Cowell / Molly Gretton FirstTin@secnewgate.co.uk
Notes to Editors
First Tin is an ethical, reliable, and sustainable tin production company led
by a team of renowned tin specialists. The Company is focused on becoming a
tin supplier in conflict-free, low political risk jurisdictions through the
rapid development of high value, low capex tin assets in Germany and
Australia, which have been de-risked significantly, with extensive work
undertaken to date.
Tin is a critical metal, vital in any plan to decarbonise and electrify the
world, yet Europe has very little supply. Rising demand, together with
shortages, is expected to lead tin to experience sustained deficit markets for
the foreseeable future.
First Tin's goal is to use best-in-class environmental standards to bring two
tin mines into production in three years, providing provenance of supply to
support the current global clean energy and technological revolutions.
APPENDIX 1 - JORC CODE, 2012 EDITION - TABLE 1 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATION -
UPDATE FOR THE TELLERHÄUSER PROJECT AREA, SAXONY, GERMANY.
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Sampling techniques · Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or · While the bulk of the data is from exploration work completed in
specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the the 1970s and 1980s by state-owned Wismut company, Saxore completed since 2013
minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF a confirmation channel sampling, a bulk sampling program in Hämmerlein and a
instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad confirmation drilling program at Dreiberg.
meaning of sampling.
Historic Sampling:
· Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity
and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. · The historic sampling is based on diamond core drilling, and
channel sampling where the underground exploration drifts did cut
· Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to mineralisation and drilling was not possible.
the Public Report.
· Sampling was done based on standardized operating procedures
· In cases where 'industry standard' work has been done this would be following the standards at that time.
relatively simple (eg 'reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m
samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire · Channel sampling was done using an angle grinder to cut two 2cm
assay'). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there deep cuts 10 cm apart with the material between the two cuts removed with a
is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or compressed air jackhammer.
mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed
information. · Drill core was logged and marked up for sampling under geological
control with 1 m being the dominant sample interval and thereafter, core was
split into halves using a core splitter. One half was stored for further
geological, mineralogical, and processing investigations and the other half
was used for further sample preparation and analysis.
· The half-core sample was crushed in 2 steps. In the first step, the
sample was crushed with a double-toggle jaw crusher to 100 % passing 10 mm. A
single-toggle jaw crusher was then used to crush the entire sample to below 1
mm. After homogenization, the sample was divided until a representative 400 g
subsample was achieved. This sample was milled to a powder in the last stage
by using a vibratory disc mill. The resulting 400 g sample had to fulfil the
requirement of 95 % <65 μm. This was tested internally as well as by
external controls. From this final 400 g sample, all sub-samples for different
analysis.
Confirmation Sampling (Saxore):
· From 2013 onwards, Saxore collected and assayed a variety of
samples as part of the project development. In 2015, Saxore executed a
targeted sampling programme comprising 66 channel samples from accessible
areas in Hämmerlein. A total of approx. 2.2 t of material was taken. Samples
were subjected to a variety of bench-scale tests including sorting, dense
media separation, magnetic separation, flotation, and gravity.
· The channels were cut using an electric rock saw and jackhammer and
were mainly cut V-shaped approximately 10-15 cm wide and max. 11 cm deep. The
material was then chiselled out using the jackhammer.
· Diamond drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples, depending on the
lithology of HQ core which was sawn in half longitudinally. The half core was
bagged and sent to ALS Global for assaying. This is industry standard work.
· No samples from Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling were used
· All core samples intersected the main Dreiberg skarn were sent for
assay after being logged by the geologist.
· All drilling samples of the main skarn and intervals approximately
10 to 20m above and below the skarn were analysed.
Drilling techniques · Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary Historic Drilling:
air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or
standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, · Four main phases of drilling have been undertaken from 1966 to 1991
whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). from surface and underground
· All drill-core was 56mm in diameter (between NQ and HQ) but for
areas of difficult ground bigger core sizes were used. There is no indication
of how much difficult ground was encountered. The 1970-75 drilling used an SBU
SIF-650 surface rig (rated to 1000m) and a SIF-300 and SIF-650 underground
rigs. Downhole geophysics was completed for the surface holes and most of the
underground holes but no digital data is available. The 1976-1981 underground
drilling campaign used a GP-1 and BSK-2m-100 drilling rigs.
Confirmation Drilling:
· The primary aims were to confirm historic grades and upgrade parts
of the inferred resource to the next higher category in accordance with the
JORC Code (2012) by expanding the data base in the thick skarn seams. Between
20 August 2022 and 23 April 2023, surface drilling was carried out. The
project was coordinated by Saxore and the drilling work was carried out by
GEOPS Bohrgesellschaft mbH and later by Pruy KG, Gesteins-, Bohr- und
Umwelt-Technik.
· Diamond drilling was undertaken by the contractor GEOPS
Bohrgesellschaft mbH. All drilling used PQ or HQ bits. Directional drilling
was done in NQ which was redrilled in HQ. Drill rods were stabilized and
triple tubing was used to ensure good core recovery and avoid washing out of
cassiterite.
· Drilling was at an angle of -69° to-79° and hence cuts across the
skarn seams that are sub-horizontal.
· GEOPS Bohrgesellschaft mbH used drilling rigs from Atlas Copco
Crealius. The drilling by Pruy KG was carried out with a HD 110 coring
drilling rig mounted on a crawler. A total of 8 drill holes with a total
length of 4365.7 m were drilled from 3 drill sites (including three test holes
from Pruy from collar SaxDRE036).
· The holes drilled by GEOPS Bohrgesellschaft mbH in the period from
20 August 2022 to 30 December 2022 were cored. Drilling without coring was
performed at the top, where a standpipe was drilled and in sections where
directional drilling was carried out to reach the target (downhole motor).
Drill holes started with PQ diameter and changed to HQ at a certain depth. NQ
for pre-drilling was necessary for directional drilling in some parts.
· Drilling by Pruy KG in the period from 15 April 2023 to 22 April
2023 was carried out using a RC method, whereby the rock is crushed at the
bottom of the hole and transported to the surface by compressed air in an
inner tube and thus preventing contamination. Systematic sampling did not take
place.
· All drilling, depth control and recovery was supervised by project
geologists
Drill sample recovery · Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries Historic Drilling:
and results assessed.
· Recovery data was supplied as a decimal fraction of the measured
· Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure length which HSC converted to a percentage. The data contained recoveries for
representative nature of the samples. both channel sampling and diamond drilling. HSC reviewed recoveries for the
three mineral zones only, primarily to establish if there was any bias with
· Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and either the sampling methods or with the tin grades. In all instances average
whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of recovery was greater than 97% with 98.5%, 97.6% and 97.3 % for Hämmerlein,
fine/coarse material. Dreiberg and Zweibach respectively. No bias with either the sampling method or
the tin grade was observed.
Confirmation Drilling:
· All core intervals are measured and compared with driller's marks
to determine actual recovery. Recovery was generally above 95% apart from
isolated intervals with poor ground conditions, generally either near surface
or in fault zones. During directional drilling no core or cuttings could be
sampled. The loss for these areas was 100%.
· No systematic core loss in mineralised zones was noted.
· During coring, core recovery in fresh rock was generally above 95
%, with the exception of disturbed or brecciated areas. During directional
drilling no core or cuttings could be sampled. The loss for these areas was
100 %. It was agreed with the drill contractor that directional drilling would
no longer be used 100 metres above the target depth. No systematic core loss
was detected.
Logging · Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and Historic
geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral
Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. · Logging consisted of hand-written detailed hardcopy log sheets
completed by Wismut that have been transcribed into digital data by Beak
· Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or Consultants (based in Freiberg, Germany). This included using numeric codes
costean, channel, etc) photography. for the different lithotypes (Appendix 2). The quality of the logging is good
and includes the added bonus of graphic logs.
· The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections
logged. · The main items have all been captured in the digital database
including the drill intervals, lithology, recovery and assay data.
· The captured data has been compared with original drill logs by
Saxore for much of the database, as part of a manual resource estimation. Only
minor errors were noted and no significant problems were found in the data
checked.
· Validation of the drillhole database by HSC included reviewing of
50 randomly selected hardcopy drillogs for the three areas and comparing
numbers etc for downhole surveys, geological logging and assays. No
significant issues were noted.
· No core remains available for viewing. All core was destroyed with
the cessation of the uranium mining.
Confirmation:
· All diamond drill cores have been geologically logged and
photographed (wet and dry) to a level of detail to support appropriate mineral
estimation, mining, and metallurgical studies.
· A logging of RC cuttings was omitted as no mineralisation was
expected in the near surface area of the planned RC hole.
Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation · If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core Historic:
taken.
· Assaying of Sn was carried out using the device "MAK-1" (until
· If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and 1974) and "Romul-EFA" (from 1974). Assays of MAK and EFA were performed on
whether sampled wet or dry. site using a 5 g split of the sample collected as described above.
· For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of · The MAK-1 device ('Mössbauer-Analysator für Kassiterit':
the sample preparation technique. Mössbauer analyzer for cassiterite, which is a Gamma-ray fluorescence
analyzer) only determines the content of oxidic Sn, as this device does not
· Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to detect Sn in silicate minerals and others (e.g., stanine). These values were
maximise representivity of samples. recorded in the database in the column "Sn_pc_MAK".
· Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the · The "Romul-EFA" device ('Element Fluoreszenz Analyzer', which is an
in situ material collected, including for instance results for field X-ray fluorescence analyzer) measures the total Sn content with its
duplicate/second-half sampling. two-channel elemental phase analyzer, regardless of its mineralogy. These
values were recorded in the database in the column "Sn_pc_EFA".
· Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the
material being sampled. · MAK and EFA was carried out on a 5 g chip sample at the mine site
in the laboratory in Pöhla. This was followed by spectral analysis (AES) of
all samples for the elements Zn, Pb, Cu, In, Cd, As, W, Ag, As and Bi, whereby
the prioritization of the elements to be analyzed varied and changed over
time. Elements such as B, Ni, Co, but also F, P, Mn, Zr, V, Cr, Sr, Ge, Nb,
Ta, Sb, Se, Ga, Au, Y, La and Ce were also analyzed spectroscopically over
time and ranges. If the upper detection limit was overrated, X-ray
fluorescence analyses were performed for the elements Zn, Pb, Cu, As, W, Bi
and Cd. If the upper detection limit for the elements Cu and In was exceeded,
further atomic absorption spectrometric analyses (AAS) was carried out.
· Iron and zinc were analyzed using FAAS, with total iron reported as
Fe(2)O(3). DMT notes that total iron includes Fe hosted by all Fe-bearing
minerals reported in the skarn mineralogy including magnetite, amphiboles,
garnets, chlorite and Fe-rich sphalerite, etc.
Confirmation:
· The drill core samples were sent to certified ALS Laboratory in
Rosia Montana, Romania.
· At the ALS laboratory in Rosia Montana, the sample of core is
crushed and split to around 1kg to finer than 2 mm using method CRU-31, then
pulverized in a mill to 85% finer than 75µm using method PUL-32.
· Analysis of the diamond drill samples consisted of a four-acid
digest and ICP-AES for 33 elements. The samples were also assayed for Sn and
In using a lithium borate fusion and ICP-MS technique. If over detection
limits on the ICP was reached, then the samples were assayed using XRF.
Quality of assay data and laboratory tests · The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and Historic:
laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or
total. · The devices of EFA and MAK were tested under certain circumstances
on samples of the Tellerhäuser deposit and fulfilled the requirements
· For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, considering accuracy, sensibility, stability, reliability, and speed. The
etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make technique appears to be very accurate up to 10% Sn but this is the maximum
and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, value it can usefully detect, with anything over 10% Sn being reported as
etc. simply >10% Sn.
· Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, · In order to control EFA and MAK an additional 5 g split of the
duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of original 400 g pulverised sample was collected at regular intervals
accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established. (approximately 1 in 10) and sent to an external laboratory, Grüna (Central
laboratory of SDAG Wismut) where it was analysed by a wet chemical method. The
working routine was started with an alkali fusion with Na(2)O(2)/NaOH fluxing
reagent (sample/reagent = 1/10). Leaching was undertaken with distilled water
and neutralized with HCl. Three grams of aluminium were added to this solution
to create reducing conditions. Small grains of calcite were added to ensure
the production of CO2 and thus prevent the influence from oxygen in the air.
This tin solution then underwent a titration process with iodine utilizing the
reaction Sn2+ + I2 → Sn4+ + 2 I. By adding small drops of 0.1 molar iodine
solution to the dissolved sample, an abrupt colour change from transparent to
blue appears at a certain level of added iodine. Each 1 ml of added reagent
corresponds to 0.5935 mg Sn in the sample. By using the simple rule of
proportion, the tin grade of the original sample was thus calculated. These
values were recorded in the database in the column "Sn_pc_Chemie".
· An additional 5 g split of the original 400 g sample was collected
at regular intervals and sent to a third laboratory as a check for the three
techniques described above. This was undertaken in the laboratory of the
Ehrenfriedersdorf tin mine and used the same assay technique as the Grüna
Laboratory (Central laboratory of SDAG Wismut), as described above.
· Assaying was checked by internal and external control analyses. The
measuring devices in the laboratories were calibrated daily. Calibration was
performed as standard on the basis of various defined content classes.
· Within the sample batches, a minimum of 1 standard per 20 samples
was prescribed, but the rule was 1 in 10. These standards were made from
different materials of different content classes and had different qualities
in order to check the accuracy. The standard measurements were recorded in the
laboratory and kept in the archive. Only the sample results were communicated
to the client (SDAG Wismut laboratory order).
Confirmation:
· Tin is a difficult element to analyse as cassiterite is not soluble
in acid. Thus, a sub-sample of the pulverized and mixed material is taken
and fused with lithium borate. The fused bead is then analysed by a mass
spectrometer using method ME-MS85 which reports Sn and In. This returns a
total tin content, including tin as cassiterite. Over limit assays of tin
are re-analysed using method ME-XRF15b which involves fusion with lithium
metaborate with a lithium tetraborate flux containing 20% NaNO(3) with an XRF
finish.
· Other elements are analysed by method ME-ICP61. This involves a 4
acid (HF-HNO3-HCLO4 digest, HCl leach and ICP-AES finish). This is an
industry standard technique for Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag. A suite of 33 elements is
reported, including tin, which is only acid soluble tin in this case and thus
can be subtracted from the fusion tin assays to obtain tin as cassiterite.
The acid soluble tin is generally associated within the lattice of silicates
and Fe-oxides. It is in some part significant as it has a main impact on tin
recovery.
· Prior to dispatch of samples, the following QA/QC samples are
added:
· Certified standards representative of the grades expected are added
at the rate of 1 in 20 samples.
· Blanks are added at the rate of 1 in 20 samples.
Verification of sampling and assaying · The verification of significant intersections by either independent Historic:
or alternative company personnel.
· Due to the privatization of the laboratories in the 1990s, a large
· The use of twinned holes. part of the archive data was destroyed. As a result, there is hardly any
information about the standards used and the control analyses determined. But
· Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data corresponding results of the control analyses and error estimates are
verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. documented in the report.
· Discuss any adjustment to assay data. Confirmation:
· Twinning of the previous Wismut drill hole S21 show acceptable
reproduction in hole SaxDRE034.
· Results of Certified Reference Materials for Sn show acceptable
reproduction of certified values. Thus, analysis method is assessed as
appropriate to have produced reliable results on a level of confidence
required for resource estimation
· Results of Blanks for Sn demonstrate that a cross-contamination
during sample preparation and analysis is not observed.
· Internal quality control by ALS included the following additional
analyses: CRMs for each analytical method, blanks and duplicate measurements
of the drill core samples submitted. Blanks: all analysed internal blanks had
values of <0.5 ppm Sn. Duplicates: all showed very good agreement for the
different analytical methods as shown in the following plots.
Location of data points · Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar · All location information is in metric projected coordinate
and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in reference system UTM ETRS89 Zone 33N as measured or transformed from historic
Mineral Resource estimation. reference systems by Saxore.
· Specification of the grid system used. Historic:
· Quality and adequacy of topographic control. · In the 1976 to 1981 drilling campaign, drill collars were surveyed
in using a closed loop theodolite method tied in to the national grid. It is
uncertain if this method was used for the earlier or later drilling campaigns.
· Downhole surveys for the early drilling were measured using a
Multigraph Inclinometer at 10 to 25m intervals. This apparatus had an accuracy
of 0.5° for the dip angle and 3° for the azimuth. The final phase of
drilling saw the use of camera surveys although no details are known. All
survey data in the database were generated by using detailed surveyed points
in hardcopy level plans, which show accurate collar, downhole survey and end
of hole locations and RL (height above mean sea level) for each of these
points.
Confirmation:
· All drill holes are pre-planned and located by use of a handheld
GPS. Holes were originally sited and angled using compass and clinometer.
Prior drilling, hole collars were surveyed with tachymeter from accurately
surveyed official fixed-points due to the lack of GPS signal and mobile
connection. This was changed to the use of Devico gyro navigation for the
later downhole survey in order to get an added level of accuracy.
· GEOPS carried out down-hole orientation surveys with measurements
at 25 m intervals, while Pruy KG measurement spacing was approx. 50 m.
Data spacing and distribution · Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. Historic:
· Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to · Drilling was done from 50 m spaced drifts in 10 m distanced
establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the stations, each station having 1 to 3 holes drilled as fan to the
Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications mineralization below or above the drift plus 5 m spaced channels when the
applied. drift is intersecting the mineralisation
· Whether sample compositing has been applied. · Predominant sample length is 1 m for both the drilling and channels
· The data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish and
suitably classify Mineral Resource Estimates.
· For Sn a sufficient amount and density of data was available in
Hämmerlein to produce variograms in acceptable quality for the domain of
Skarn and Mineralised Schist. Thus, the resulting parameters were used to
interpolate Sn in domains of Skarn and Mineralized Schist using OK for all the
areas of Tellerhäuser project area.
· For Fe(2)O(3), Zn, Ag, Cu, WO(3), In, Bi, Ge, As, Cd IDW was
applied due to limited amount and distribution of these assays.
· Around 6 % (holes) and 3 % (channels) of sample intervals are above
1 m. Thus, a sample compositing is assumed.
Confirmation:
· The original drilling undertaken was intended to be better than a
50m x 50m spacing.
· Twin drilling was used to verify the historical drilling, check its
geological units and verify the geochemical results.
· The original data spacing is considered to be sufficient to
establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the
JORC classifications applied.
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure · Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of Historic:
possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the
deposit type. · The drill orientation is approximately perpendicular to mineralized
skarn units and does not appear to introduce bias.
· If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the
orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a · The schist mineralisation at Hammerlein has both a sub-vertical and
sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. sub-horizontal component and hence the mainly sub-vertical drilling may not be
optimal for some of the sub-vertical structures.
Confirmation:
· No orientated drilling was carried out.
· The skarn seams are sub-horizontal and the drilling is angled at
between -69° and -79° to be as close as possible to cutting across the skarn
seams at 90°.
· As drilling was designed to intersect the main skarn seams at as
high an angle as possible. The potential for any introduced sampling bias is
considered minor.
Sample security · The measures taken to ensure sample security. Historic:
· This was an active uranium mining area during GDR times and
security was thus very tight. No reason to suspect any security issues can be
found.
Confirmation:
· All core and sample material was stored and investigated in a
locked facility. All transportation was done by authorized personnel only.
Sample transportation was cross-checked by sample list completeness of amount
of samples and sample weight.
Audits or reviews · The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and Historic:
data.
· Audits and reviews were conducted at regular intervals during the
GDR era but results are not currently available. The GDR era estimates are
classified between C1 and Delta category which require audits by the central
authorities.
· Audits and reviews have been done by HSC in 2019, BARA in 2021
· The techniques of sampling, QA/QC methods and quality of the
historic data was assessed as appropriate to be used for resource estimation
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement and land tenure status · Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including · First Tin, via its 100% owned subsidiary Saxore, holds a valid
agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, Mining Licence (ML) for the extraction of mineral resources for the
partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, "Rittersgrün" field which contains the Tellerhäuser Project, consisting of
wilderness or national park and environmental settings. the Hämmerlein and Dreiberg resources. The mining licence was issued in
compliance with the German Federal Mining Act and is valid until the 30th June
· The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with 2070.
any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area.
· The mineralisation is secured by the Breitenbrunn Erlaubnis
(exploration permit). It is 100% owned by Saxore Bergbau GmbH. This licence is
valid for Sn, W, Mo, Ta, Be, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, Ge, In Fe, Fluorite and
Baryte.
· A pre-existing Bewilligung (mining permit) exists over radioactive
minerals but this is owned by Wismut GmbH, a Federal Government company tasked
with clean-up of previous uranium mining activities which is not allowed to
undertake any mining activities. It is currently only treating water run-off
from the old mine.
· The area is in a region of spruce and mixed forests. The
environment has been effected in the past by previous mining activities. No
immediate environmental impediments are obvious other than the disturbance
caused by vehicle movement on surface and initial development from surface.
Exploration done by other parties · Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. · Significant work was undertaken by a Soviet - East German joint
venture and these activities for the basis of the current resource estimate.
No other activities are known in the project area.
Geology · Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. · The mineralisation consists of skarn, overprinted skarn, and schist
hosted sub-vertical and sub-horizontal greisen veins. It is hosted within
Cambrian to Ordovician meta-sediments intruded by Carboniferous to Permian
aged granites. Metamorphism is generally under greenschist to amphibolite
facies conditions. The granites are generally accepted as the source of the
tin mineralising fluids which have subsequently deposited tin and other
associated elements in chemically and structurally favourable settings when
pressure, temperature and physico-chemical conditions were optimal. In
particular, originally calcareous beds have acted as a very good chemical trap
for the ascending tin rich fluids, being metasomatised to a skarn assemblage.
However, a significant, later, retrograde event associated with chlorite
minerals, has deposited a significant amount of coarse cassiterite (SnO2) and
hence the deposit is not a "typical" skarn tin deposit.
· The overprinted skarn are sub-horizontal zones between 1m and 15m
true thickness (averaging about 3m) that are several hundred metres wide and
several thousand metres long. These consist of amphibole, garnet, pyroxene,
feldspar, magnetite, cassiterite, sphalerite and other sulphides. These have
been subsequently partially metasomatised under retrograde conditions which
has resulted in chloritic alteration fronts with coarse quartz-cassiterite
segregations and veins. Cassiterite has been deposited in both the prograde
and retrograde metasomatic events and occurs in both coarse and fine grained
(less than 50 micrometres) forms.
· These seams are very continuous geologically and can be traced over
several kilometres. However, several generations of mineralisation are evident
and the paragenesis is complex. Faulting and parting also effects the skarn
units.
· The Hämmerlein skarn has associated schist hosted greisen style
mineralisation that occurs as both sub-vertical and sub-horizontal
quartz-feldspar-tourmaline-cassiterite veins immediately below the main skarn
unit. These form a sheeted to stockwork vein array which has been located up
to 30m below the main skarn and is open at depth. It is suspected that this
zone may have significant depth potential due to its partially sub-vertical
disposition but has not been adequately drill tested below about 30m beneath
the Hämmerlein Seam.
Drill hole Information · A summary of all information material to the understanding of the · This project is resource status, not exploration status
exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for
all Material drill holes:
o easting and northing of the drill hole collar
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level - elevation above sea level in metres) of
the drill hole collar
o dip and azimuth of the hole
o down hole length and interception depth
o hole length.
· If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that
the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the
understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why
this is the case.
Data aggregation methods · In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, · This project is resource status, not exploration status
maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and
cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated.
· Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high grade
results and longer lengths of low grade results, the procedure used for such
aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations
should be shown in detail.
· The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values
should be clearly stated.
Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths · These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of · This project is resource status, not exploration status
Exploration Results.
· If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill
hole angle is known, its nature should be reported.
· If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported,
there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg 'down hole length, true
width not known').
Diagrams · Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of · This project is resource status, not exploration status
intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported
These should include, but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar
locations and appropriate sectional views.
Balanced reporting · Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not · This project is resource status, not exploration status
practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or
widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration
Results.
Other substantive exploration data · Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be · This project is resource status, not exploration status
reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical
survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples - size and method of
treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical
and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.
Further work · The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral · This project is resource status, not exploration status
extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
· Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions,
including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas,
provided this information is not commercially sensitive.
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in section 1, and where relevant in section 2, also apply to
this section)
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Database integrity · Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted by, for · All historic data was in hardcopy format and has been initially
example, transcription or keying errors, between its initial collection and digitised and compiled to a drillhole database in MS Access by local
its use for Mineral Resource estimation purposes. consultants (Beak Consultants GmbH).
· Data validation procedures used. · Checks by both Beak and Saxore has found only minor errors and the
digital data is considered to be of good quality.
· Several audits by Bara and HSC checked the database for
consistency. Original paper logs were inspected and compared to the database
and the database was assessed to be acceptable for resource estimation.
· In 2023 Saxore added further data from confirmation drilling and a
significant amount of further historic data from Wismut to the MS Access
drillhole database. The focus was on the intervals with low grade Sn but
concentrations of other elements of potential viability, e.g. Fe(2)O(3), Zn,
Ag, Cu, WO(3), In, Bi, Ge, As, Cd.
· The precision and accuracy of the analytical techniques appears
appropriate for mineral resource estimation.
· The updated database was checked for consistency. Only minor error
were found which are assessed to have no material impact on the resource
estimate.
· In consequence, DMT assesses that all analysis results are
accurate, precise and representative to be used for a resource update.
Site visits · Comment on any site visits undertaken by the Competent Person and · A site visit was conducted by Ernst Bernhard Teigler (CP Resources
the outcome of those visits. Review) from 4th to 5th April 2022 to inspect the drilling operations at
Dreiberg.
· If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the
case. · A site visit to the visitor's mine was conducted by Ernst Bernhard
Teigler (CP Resources Review) with Florian Lowicki (CP Resources) and Andreas
Hees (CP Metallurgy) from 4th to 5th September 2022.
· The study team were accompanied by Thomas Kleinsorge (Project
Director Saxore Bergbau GmbH) and Eric Hohlfeld (Project Geologist Saxore
Bergbau GmbH)
· An underground site visit was conducted to inspect the geology of
the Hammerlein deposit and discussions relating to the geology were
undertaken.
Geological interpretation · Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of ) the geological · Earlier interpretations of HSC and BARA described the Tellerhäuser
interpretation of the mineral deposit. tin mineralization as dominantly hosted in laterally continuous Skarn units.
· Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made. · DMT reviewed the existing models of Skarn units and found, that
many intervals of rocks other than Skarn were included in the modelled domain
· The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations on Mineral to achieve continuous Skarn units.
Resource estimation.
· DMT found that the skarn structure is hosted largely stratabound
· The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource but with many short-range attenuations and/or split-offs. The same appearance
estimation. can be observed for the mineralization hosted in the schist units underlying
the skarn.
· The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology.
· Following this interpretation concept, a domain model was prepared
in Leapfrog Geo Software (Version 2023.1) using an implicit modeling
methodology including Leapfrog's 'Vein Interpolator' and 'Pinch-out Tool'.
· Two mineralization types Skarn and Mineralised Schist were defined
following geological logs and Sn grades. For Skarn, all intervals logged as
skarn were considered for modelling. For Mineralised Schist, only intervals
logged as Schist with above 0.05 % Sn were considered.
· A first global filter was applied to the Skarn samples filtering
all lithological intervals ≥ 2 m. A first solid was generated from the 'Vein
Interpolator' considering only these samples (≥2 m) to get an idea about
lateral continuity, thickness, and orientation of the main skarn body.
Following the trend of this main skarn body all intervals even shorter than 2
m were selected manually using the 'Interval Selection' tool. The interval
selection tool works like a paintbrush to select samples. After selection
these skarn intervals were set into new domains, which then were modelled to
layered to lens-shaped domain bodies using the 'Vein Interpolator' and
'Pinch-out Tool'.
· In the case two or more sequenced intervals were selected, the
'Vein Interpolator' used topmost and lowermost footwall- and hanging wall
contact and all non-Skarn intervals in-between were included to the domain.
However, the benchmark was set to a maximum of 25 % on non-domain rocks in the
domain.
· Skarn was subdivided into 3 domains: Main Skarn (domain 1), Skarn
Lenses above Main Skarn (domain 2), and Skarn Lenses below Main Skarn (domain
3). Mineralised Schist was assigned to domain 4. A fifth domain of Schist
(domain 5) was set as background lithology. This domain pattern was initially
established for Hämmerlein area. The Main Skarn and Mineralized Schist was
modelled continuously, while the Skarn lenses were modelled using the
Pinch-out Tool. For the resource update of the Tellerhäuser project area, it
was decided to apply the Pinch-out Tool to all domains in order to avoid
non-Skarn rocks in Skarn domain and non-mineralised schist in Mineralised
Schist domain.
· The fault model supplied by Saxore (done by HSC in 2019) was
applied to the model.
· In order to honour the very short-range variations in thickness and
to enable Leapfrog to model the domain bodies accordingly, the surface
resolution was set to very low values of around 1 or 2 m.
· Some database inconsistencies of overlapping data caused by
incorrectly entered drilling orientation of fan drilling made implicit
modelling fail for these overlapping hole information, which was solved by
using support points to guide the implicit model.
· For all modelled volume bodies, a volume reduction was carried out
considering existing exploration workings including a shield of 6 m radius
around the centerline of these workings. A clipping operation was performed in
Leapfrog. The Clip Volume is used to outersect the volume body of 6 m-shield
from the domain solids.
· Overall, 27 volume bodies were modelled, 5 in Hämmerlein (3 layers
of Skarn, 2 layers of Mineralised Schist), 14 in Dreiberg (all Skarn), 8 in
Zweibach (7 layers of Skarn, 1 layer of Mineralised Schist)
· A block model was generated with the dimensions 10mx10mx1m. The
limits used were the same limits defined in the domain model. A volume
percentage attribute was calculated for each of the 27 volume bodies reduced
by existing workings including the surrounding shield. Volume percentage was
calculated in order to ensure 100 % match between volume bodies and block
model volume.
· Then, the 27 volume percentage attributes were unified (summed) to
5 attributes representing each of the five domains: main Skarn layer (domain
1), Skarn lenses above main Skarn (domain 2), Skarn lenses below main Skarn
(domain 3), Mineralized Schist (domain 4) and schist as back ground (domain
5). Two integer attributes listing the number of layer bed running from 1 to
27 and the domain number running from 1 to 5.
Dimensions · The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as · The Hämmerlein skarn is relatively flat lying with horizontal to
length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below surface to the 10 degrees dip to the SE. Skarn is interpreted to measure 2 km down dip and
upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource. 1.5 km across strike. It averages in thickness to around 2 m with maximum of 4
m (StdDev or 66 Percentile). Mineralised Schist follows the Skarn above and
below with average thickness of around 6 m with maximum of 15 m (StdDev or 66
Percentile). Mineralization is 200-300 m below the surface.
· The Dreiberg skarn continuous to SE and is also relatively flat
lying with horizontal to 10 degrees dip to the SE. Skarn is interpreted to
measure 3.3 km down dip and 1.3 km across strike. It averages in thickness to
around 3 m with maximum of 6 m (StdDev or 66 Percentile). Mineralization is
300-1000 m below the surface.
· The Zweibach skarn is relatively flat lying with horizontal to 10
degrees dip to the SE parallel to Dreiberg but separated with 300 m offset by
a SE running normal fault. Skarn is interpreted to measure 2.3 km down dip and
0.6 km across strike. It averages in thickness to around 2 m with maximum of 4
m (StdDev or 66 Percentile). Mineralised Schist follows the Skarn below with
average thickness of around 23 m with maximum of 46 m (StdDev or 66
Percentile). Mineralization is 200-300 m below the surface.
Estimation and modelling techniques · The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) · Resource block model was established with block size of X = 10 m, Y
applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade values, = 10 m, Z = 1 m. No sub-blocking was applied
domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance of extrapolation from
data points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a · Compositing was done based on 1 m as it is the 90 percentile for
description of computer software and parameters used. both the drill holes and the channels.
· The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine · Compositing was done for each layer separately.
production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate
account of such data. · Outliers were top-cut at 99.9 Percentile in order to exclude around
one sample per mille. For resource model diluted and top-cut composites were
· The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. used, once to treat un-sampled intervals as blank material and once not to
bias interpolation by high grade outliers, both in order not to overestimate
· Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of the resource.
economic significance (eg sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation).
· For Sn a sufficient amount and density of data was available in
· In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in Hämmerlein to produce variograms in acceptable quality for the domain of
relation to the average sample spacing and the search employed. Skarn and Mineralised Schist. Thus, the resulting parameters were used to
interpolate Sn in domains of Skarn and Mineralized Schist by OK for all the
· Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. areas of Tellerhäuser project area. The other elements Fe2O3, Zn, Ag, Cu,
WO3, In, Bi, Ge, As, Cd were interpolated using IDW.
· Any assumptions about correlation between variables.
· Exponential omnidirectional variogram model for data of Sn in Skarn
· Description of how the geological interpretation was used to show a range of 140 m, a nugget of 0.16 and a sill of 0.18 (orientation -10
control the resource estimates. degrees to SE)
· Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or · Exponential omnidirectional variogram model for data of Sn in
capping. Mineralised Schist show a range of 140 m, a nugget of 0.022 and a sill of
0.022 (orientation -10 degrees to SE)
· The process of validation, the checking process used, the
comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if · In order to reduce smoothing effects, the interpolation was done in
available. several passes with increasing sizes of the search ellipsoid, minimum number
of composite samples coming from a minimum number of holes
· Model validation shows good reproduction of primary data
· The resource block model was validated to demonstrate that the
applied methodology to model geology and grade has produced a model which is
representative to primary data of holes and channels.
· This validation focused on the two key factors tonnage and grade of
Skarn+Mineralised Schist. Applying Sn cut-off grades to database limited to
intersections of Skarn+Mineralised Schist, a percentage of remaining intervals
was calculated and compared to percentage of remaining tonnage from indicated
resource of Skarn+Mineralised Schist.
· The comparison demonstrates that the assayed Sn concentrations from
drilling and channels are representatively reflected in the block model.
Slight discrepancy is to be expected because of the drill pattern, which does
not provide 100 % regular intersections of the mineralisation. The other
reason is the typical smoothing caused by the compositing using dilution for
un-sampled intervals and interpolation process itself.
· Volume domains of mineralisation type of Skarn show good alignment
with skarn intersections with only a few exceptions caused by sporadic
database errors which are assessed to have no material effect on the resource
estimate. However, these should be corrected in future, when historic
documentation enables.
· Volume domains of mineralisation type of Mineralised Schist include
intervals of non-Mineralised Schist in order to produce continuous bodies
including the most higher-grade intervals of Sn. The non-mineralised intervals
were corrected in the resource model by using diluted composites.
· Resource History: In comparison to the indicated resources of HSC
2019, contained tonnage of Sn metal in Skarn+Mineralised Schist could be
increased by almost 37% from 33 000 t to 45 000 t considering a Sn cut-off
grade of 0.2 % for both Skarn and Mineralised Schist. The main factors for the
increase are a higher bulk density derived from additional data and a slightly
higher geostatistical range for indicated resources. However, there is a
significant increase in sample availability since 2019 and 2023 resource
estimate. From 42 726 additional Sn values only 1164 samples were above 0.2 %
Sn. The vast majority is below 0.2 % Sn.
Moisture · Whether the tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural · All tonnage and grade is on a dry basis.
moisture, and the method of determination of the moisture content.
Cut-off parameters · The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters · Following the development of the Sn price at LME for the last 15
applied. years, the recent price situation and increased demand assumed for future
electromobility and renewable energy, the future price is assessed up to
25,000 USD per metric tonne of Sn, refined, 99.85 % purity.
· This would correspond to an ROM ore grade of approx. 0.5 % Sn which
is assumed to be realized at 0.2 % Sn cut-off grade. Thus, for Skarn and
Mineralised Schist a 0.2 % Sn cut-off grade is applied.
Mining factors or assumptions · Assumptions made regarding possible mining methods, minimum mining · The Mineral Resources were estimated on the assumption that the
dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, external) mining dilution. It is material will be mined by an appropriate underground method e.g. room and
always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects pillar, stopes.
for eventual economic extraction to consider potential mining methods, but the
assumptions made regarding mining methods and parameters when estimating
Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this
should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions
made.
Metallurgical factors or assumptions · The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical · The available metallurgical testwork indicates that tin is
amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining recoverable by gravity separation and flotation.
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential
metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment · Magnetic separation is required to remove iron as part of the
processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may not always process circuit and iron may be recovered as a by-product. The Company
be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an estimates approximately 5% of Iron is present in phases other than Magnetite
explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made. and Hematite.
· It is also expected that zinc will need to be removed by floatation
to improve gravity recovery and zinc may be recovered as a by-product.
· Indium is expected to report to a copper sulphide concentrate that
will be recoverable via flotation. (The Company report that the indium occurs
as roquesite, a copper-indium-sulphide).
Environmental factors or assumptions · Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue · Environmental factors have not been investigated for the purposes
disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining of the Resource Estimate reported here.
reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider the
potential environmental impacts of the mining and processing operation. While · It is expected that processing will be completed underground and
at this stage the determination of potential environmental impacts, the existing underground development will offer some space for disposal of
particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be well advanced, the waste materials.
status of early consideration of these potential environmental impacts should
be reported. Where these aspects have not been considered this should be
reported with an explanation of the environmental assumptions made.
Bulk density · Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the · Density is based on measured samples. All samples total to an
assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the frequency average bulk density of 3.86 t/m³ for Skarn and 2.88 t/m³ for Mineralised
of the measurements, the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. Schist. For the resource model, DMT attributed a bulk density of 2.9 t/m³ to
Mineralised Schist and reduced the bulk density of Skarn to 3.6 t/m³ because
· The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by the Skarn domain may contain up to 25 % schist.
methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc),
moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. · Several cross-checks were done by DMT to confirm the bulk density
of the Skarn domain, which comprises different types of skarn with variable
· Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the proportions of skarn-associated silicates, magnetite, sulphides and quartz.
evaluation process of the different materials. Firstly, DMT reviewed all measurements by checking plausibility of each
measurement and attributing ranges of bulk densities plausible for skarn types
sensu stricto. The resulting density of skarn is 3.6 t/m³. Secondly, DMT
calculated a skarn bulk density of 3.6 t/m³ based on the mineral composition
of the bulk sample sent to ALS Burnie and mineral densities from the
literature
Classification · The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into · Resource classification within mineralization envelopes for Skarn
varying confidence categories. and Mineralised Schist is generally based on spacing of drill holes and
channels, grade continuity, and overall geological continuity. The distance to
· Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors the nearest composite and the number of drill holes or channels are also
(ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input considered in the classification. In classifying the resource estimate, the
data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity following key factors have been considered:
and distribution of the data).
· Confidence in data quality and quantity and specifically sample
· Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent Person's spacing of Sn data;
view of the deposit.
· Confidence in the geological interpretation and continuity
(geological complexity); and
· Confidence in mineralization / grade continuity (complexity of
spatial grade distribution).
· Considering the above, the following criteria have been applied for
classification into the various mineral resource categories for this estimate.
Half the geostatistical range of 140 m was considered in this classification.
· Indicated Resources:
· All blocks within the wireframed constraints and 70 m maximum
distance to nearest Sn sample and a minimum of 3 composites from a minimum of
2 drill holes or channels.
· Inferred Resources:
· All blocks within the wireframed constraints and 70 m minimum
distance to nearest Sn sample and a minimum of 2 composites from a minimum of
1 drill hole.
Audits or reviews · The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates. · No audits of the Mineral Resource estimates have been completed.
· The estimates of resources have been compared to previous estimates
and are comparable.
Discussion of relative accuracy/ confidence · Where appropriate a statement of the relative accuracy and · All Resources are classified as Indicated and Inferred. Due to the
confidence level in the Mineral Resource estimate using an approach or reliance on legacy data and the inherently erratic nature of Sn grades not
procedure deemed appropriate by the Competent Person. For example, the measured resource classifications have been applied.
application of statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the
relative accuracy of the resource within stated confidence limits, or, if such · The Mineral Resource Estimates are considered to have sufficient
an approach is not deemed appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors global and local accuracy to allow mine planning in the Indicated resources
that could affect the relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate. where tin only is used to determine cut-off grade.
· The statement should specify whether it relates to global or local · Inferred resources do not have sufficient local accuracy and carry
estimates, and, if local, state the relevant tonnages, which should be a higher global estimation risk than indicated resources.
relevant to technical and economic evaluation. Documentation should include
assumptions made and the procedures used. · The Mineral Resource Estimates of the Tellerhäuser deposits are
sensitive to the cut-off grade applied. Increasing the confidence in by
· These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the product metal estimation may allow for further de risking in select area where
estimate should be compared with production data, where available. further sampling is possible.
· Areas of inferred resources require infill drilling to improve
confidence in mineral resource estimated.
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