Why Glaxosmithkline's (LON:GSK) share price is at risk
“At the end of the day, the most important thing is how good are you at risk control.”
So said legendary stock trader Paul Tudor Jones. Investors would do well to heed his advice. Big losses are the death knell to a portfolio, and that's why great investors focus on risk just as much as returns - no matter how tempting it is to get carried away with future prospects.
Some very smart people have come up with proven checklists over the years that can drastically improve risk management with minimal effort. One of them was found to be:
- 72% accurate in predicting bankruptcy two years prior to the event in its initial test
- 80-90% accurate in predicting bankruptcy one year before the event in the 31 years up until 1999
I'm talking about the Altman Z-Score, which measures the degree to which a stock resembles companies that have gone bankrupt in the past. Clearly, avoiding the stocks this checklist highlights could save us a lot of pain in the long run. And what it says about Pharmaceuticals operator Glaxosmithkline (LON:GSK) might well be keeping the group's chief financial officer, Iain Mackay up at night...
How the Altman Z-score works and why it matters for Glaxosmithkline (LON:GSK)
The Z-Score was developed by New York University finance professor and leading academic, Edward I. Altman. In 1968, the celebrated professor struck upon a combination of five weighted business ratios that is used by investment managers and hedge funds to this day.
Interpreting the Z-Score is simple. Any Z-Score above 2.99 is considered to be a safe company.
Those with a Z-Score of less than 1.8, on the other hand, have been shown to have a significant risk of financial distress within two years. As we mentioned earlier, numerous historical studies have shown the Z-Score to be an accurate predictor of imminent financial distress for those companies that score less than 1.8.
If we apply it to Glaxosmithkline (LON:GSK) what do we get? A Z-Score of 1.56 - well below the cut-off point that signals potential distress...
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Using the Z-Score to protect your portfolio
The Z-Score has proven very effective in predicting business distress. It measures how closely a firm resembles other firms that have filed for bankruptcy by looking for red flags in the following areas:
- Current assets as a proportion of total assets,
- Cumulative profitability and use of leverage,
- Productivity of assets, and
- Firm value compared to liabilities
Steering clear of stocks that fail these checks means you are avoiding companies that exhibit similar financial characteristics to companies that have gone bankrupt in the past, often as a result of having a weak balance sheet.
Next Steps
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